The Mechanism and Properties of Electron Transfer in the Protein Molecules

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Mechanism and Properties of Electron Transfer in the Protein Molecules"

Transcription

1 Joural of Proomcs & Boformacs ISSN: X Rsarch rcl rcl Joural of Proomcs & Boformacs Xao-Fg, J Proomcs Boform 7, :8 DOI: 47/jpb44 OMICS Op Iraoal ccss Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs Pag Xao-Fg Isu of Lf Scc ad Tchology, Uvrsy of Elcroc Scc ad Tchology of Cha, Chgdu, Cha bsrac Th mchasm ad proprs of lcro rasfr alog pro molculs a f mpraur T h lf sysms ar sudd usg olar hory of bo-rgy raspor ad Gr fuco mhod, whch h lcros ar rasfrrd from doors o accpors vru of h suprsoud o xcd h rgy rlasd TP hydrolyss Th lcro rasfr s, ssc, a procss of oxdao-rduco raco I hs sudy w frs gv h Hamloa ad wav fuco of h sysm ad fd ou h o uo of h dyamcal uao h pro molculs wh f mpraur, ad oba h dyamcal coffc of h lcro rasfr Th rsuls show ha h spd of h lcro rasfr s rlad o h amplud ad vlocy of h o, h lcro s dsrbuo h door ad accpor as wll as h raco amog hm Th srogr h couplg bw hm, h h largr h spd of lcro rasfr W fally ga h chagd rul of lcrc curr arsg from h lcro rasfr wh varyg m Ths rsuls ar usful molcular ad chmcal bology Kywords: Elcro rasfr; Solo; Pro molculs; No-lar hory; Door; ccpor; Dyamcal coffc PCS Numbrs: 768y; 4-; 78; 4kf Iroduco Bologcal xprms show ha hr ar a gra umbr of lcros or chargs rasfr h bologcal ssus ad procsss, such as h mochodra, chloroplass ad chromaoors, h coduco of h rv mpuls, c [,] s kow, wh h mochodra a srs of chmcal rasformaos, calld h crc acd (or Krbs) cycl, braks dow h carbo cha of glucos o carbo doxd ad producs coamd ad duclod (ND ) plus a proo (H ) ad wo lcros ( - ) Ths wo lcros mak hr rps across a rgo off rsc mmbra pro, carryg wo proos sd h mochodro o ousd o ach pass Th dyamcs of h wo lcros ( - ) hrough h rgo of rsc mmbra pro s of prmary rs Ths omo shows ha hr s rally a lcro or proo rasfr chas h mochodra, whch ar combd a hghly orgazd complx of pro molculs, h lar form h par of mmbra of mochodra s a mar of fac, h procss of h lcro rasfr occurs alog h rspraory cha s r mmbras of h mochodra Th lcro rasfr ca b carrd ou hrough dffr mchasms ad forms, such as h ulg rasfr of lcros ad h lcro raspor ovr larg dsacs vru of pro molculs [-5] Howvr, hr ar always h doors ad accpors of h lcros ad hr carrrs h rasfr procss of larg dsacs vru of pro molculs I hs modl h lcros ar rasfrrd by h xco or o pro molculs,, wh h xco s formd as o hrough dformao of cha, h lcros doors ar also aachd o h o hrough h raco bw h door ad o ad mov furhr followg h moo of h o alog h molcular chas Oc h o ms ad acs wh h accpors, h lcros ar rasfrrd o h accpors from h o ad aachd o h surfac of h accpor Ths procss ca b rprsd by D S D S, S S () Thrfor, h lcro rasfr s, ssc, a procss of oxdaorduco raco I hs procss h pro molculs play h brdg rol of rasfrrg h lcros h lf bods May scss sudd h lcro rasfr dffr sysms usg dffr mhods [6-9], for xampl, Davydov al sudd h lcro ad xcos olar molcular chas by a o hory [6], Saarc ad Zakula; Saarc al [7,8] sudd h lcro rasfr alog h uas-o-dmsoal molcular srucur by Davydov o modl, Goldma [9] sudd h log-rag lcro rasfr pro by a rormalzd-prurbao-xpaso approach I hs papr w wll sudy h proprs of h lcro rasfr h pro molculs by Pag s o modl [-], whch w hk h lcro rasfr pro molculs s carrd ou vru of h followg mchasm Wh h o s formd h pro molculs wh f mpraur udr aco of rgy rlasd TP hydrolyss, h dformao of h pro molculs occurs, h h lcros ca b adhrd o h o hrough a aracd raco bw hm ad movs owards h accpor o accompay h moo of h o alog h pro molcular chas Wh hy approach h accpors, h lcros ar raspord o h accpors du o h raco bw h lcros ad accpors Thus h lcros ar rasfrrd o h accpors from h doors vru of h o Our suds ar dscrbd as follows Mhods ad Rsuls Th Hamloa ad wav fuco of h sysm ad s o uo of dyamcal uao Basd o h abov mchasm of h lcro rasfr pro molculs proposd by us w ca gv h Hamloa of h gra sysm, whch s composd of pro molculs, door, accpor ad lcro, Pag s modl [9-], whch s as follows: Corrspodg auhor: Pag Xao-Fg, Isu of Lf Scc ad Tchology, Uvrsy of Elcroc Scc ad Tchology of Cha, Chgdu 654, Cha, Tl: 86886; Fax: ; E-mal: pagxf6@alyucom Rcvd Ju 7, 7; ccpd ugus, 7; Publshd ugus 7, 7 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/ jpb44 Copyrgh: 7 Xao-Fg P Ths s a op-accss arcl dsrbud udr h rms of h Crav Commos rbuo Lcs, whch prms ursrcd us, dsrbuo, ad rproduco ay mdum, provdd h orgal auhor ad sourc ar crdd J Proomcs Boform, a op accss joural ISSN: X Volum (8) 9-97 (7) - 9

2 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/jpb44 H H H( D, ) H () Whr x H H H H x x P {[ BB JBB ( B B)] [ λ( u u ) M λ( u u ) ] [ χ( u u ) B B () χ ( u u )( B BB I dscrbs h moos of h xco ad oo ad hr raco Pag s modl Th Hamloa of h door ad accpor s dod as: H ( D, ) D D m D m m ω a a d d ω lm lm lm lm (4) Whr Dm( Dm) ad m( m) ar h crav ad ahlao opraor of h lcro h door wh h rgy ad h lcro h accpor wh h rgy of, rspcvly a ( a ) ad dlm( dlm) h crav ad ahlao opraor of h Boso h door wh h rgy ω ad h lcro h accpor wh h rgy of ωlm arsg from h xcao of vbrao, rspcvly ( l) ( l) H [ V B a ] [ ] V Ba W ml m BDd m lm Wm DBd m lm [ Ym a BD m Ym DBa m ] [ ma ] Dd m lm d Da lm m ω ω m l Whr V s h marx lm of raco bw h xco ad vbraoal xcao (l) of h accpor a s, l s h marx lm of raco bw h xco ad vbraoal xcao (l) of h door a s m, hy hav a maxmum wh, V () l () l ad W W (6) V m Y m s h marx lm of raco bw h xco ad lcro h lcro mgrao from h door o accpor s s kow, hr ar sll h cohr faurs of collcv xcaos of h xco ad oo arsg from h rgy rlasd TP hydrolyss h pro molculs, alhough h doors ad accpors xs hs sysm, whch ar vry small Thus h wav fuco of h sysm coag small doors, accpors ad lcros ca sll b rprsd by: () () () () B ϕ α ϕ ( ϕ() ) x λ! B Φ > > > > ' / / xp (/ N) α () a α () a ( ν ) ( a ) > (7) Whr (!) v v v ( a ) > > m Is h ooc compl s whch rprss h lmary xcao sa of sgl oo du o h f mpraur T I hs mawhl, w hr usd h followg rlaos: r r ω ω R ( / MN ) ( a a ), P ( M / M ) ( a a ), - whr ω (W/M) / s(r /) s h frucy of a oo wh wav vcor, N s h umbr of amo acd h molcular cha, r s h dsac bw wo amo acds, a ( a ) s h ahlao (5) (8) (crao) opraors of oo () H From uaos ()-(6) ad ϕ ϕ () ad α () H α () (hr H Φ() H Φ () ) I couy approxmao ad o dmsoal cas [6-] w ca oba: () (,) ( ) (, ) ϕ ϕ ( JB( T )) (,) x Jr B( T ) x χ χ ϕ Qx ϕ(,) x x x (9) 4 Qx (,) Qx (,) vr Qx (,) r( χ χ) λr v ϕ(,) x Qx (,) 4 x x M x M x x () Whr Qx (,) Φ() ux (,) Φ(), x B( T ) xp{ ch( ω / k T ) α s( r / ) B Usg a approxma mhod w ca oba h uos of uaos (8 ad 9) as follows: M( ν ' v ) v Q( x, ) sc h [ ν '( x v),( v > v, ν ' ( )) () λ r v ϕ( x, ) '( T )sc h[ ν '( x x v) xp[ ( kx ω ], k m v /, () / Whr '( T) (4 Wm( T)/ v ), m( T) / JB( T) r W ca fd ou h uos of Es (8 ad 9) h cas of al codo of Q () ( ϕ) ϕ usg h rav mhod [6-], whch ca b rprsd by: 6 ν ' 4( χ χ) Q( x, ) sc h [ ν '( x x v),( v > v),( ρ ) ρ Jr B( T ) () ϕ ν ω / ( x, ) ( '/ 4) sc h[ k'( xx v) xp{ [ k'( xx) ]}, (4) / / Whr ( k ' v / Jr, k ' (6 ρ ) Clarly, h abov o uos uaos () ad (4) ar h suprsoud os ad sabl, whch hus ca srv as h carrr of h lcro rasfr lvg sysms Th dyamcal coffc of lcro rasfr ad s proprs W ow calcula rao of h lcro rasfr from h door o accpor by vru of h abov suprsoud os I h sysm of lcro rasfr h umbr opraors of h o, door ad accpor ar dod by: NB BB, N, ND DD m m m m rspcvly Obvously, whol parcl umbr N N( B) N N( Dm), whch s rlad o Hamloa of h sysm E (), s cosrvav,, N [ N, H] Ths umbr opraors sasfy h followg Hasbrg uaos N [ N, H],( k' B,, D ) (5) k' k' m Usg E () w ca oba: [ ] N B V B a V a B l l [ WmBDd m m WmdlmDB m ] m [ ] N V a B V B a J Proomcs Boform, a op accss joural ISSN: X Volum (8) 9-97 (7) - 94

3 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/jpb44 l l [ m lm m m m m] m ND W d DB W BDd (6) I hs sysm of lcro rasfr h umbr currs formd ar ulbrum sa ad sasfy h followg rlaoshp N( B) [ N N( D)] (7) Basd o hs faur w ca us h sasc hory of uasulbrum sa sablshd by Zubarv [4] o sudy h lcro rasfr Corrspodg sasc opraor of h uas-ulbrum sa ca b rprsd by: ˆ xp{ [ ]} xp( ˆ ) H N N ρ β µ a a a d a a M M (8) Whr ˆ, ˆ M β H µ [ a a Na M β R B d N RDB d N( Dm), β / KBT Z s sasc sum of h sysm, µ a s h chmcal poal of ah compo s a small paramr, RB ad R DB do h chmcal affy h chmcal raco E(), hr rlaoshp wh chmcal poal ar as follows: R ( µ µ ), R ( µ µ ) (9) B B DB D B Sc ˆM s small ad h rus of ormalzao,, SP( ˆ ρ ), h E () ca xprss as: ˆ Mτ ˆ [ ˆ Mτ Mτ Mτ ρ dτ M dτ < M > ] ρ () whr ˆ ρ s a localzd ulbrum dsy marx, whch ca b dod by: Mˆ Mˆ ˆ ρ / Sp( ) () Th h umbr curr of accpor ca b xprssd by N sp( N ˆ ρ ), hus w yld Mˆ τ ˆ Mτ Mτ Mτ N N dτ N M N M { < > < > } () Thr s h rlao of N h localzd ulbrum sa whou dsspao, h h umbr curr of accpor ca b xprssd by: N βr βr Q( N, N( D)) () B Whr h dyamc coffcs hs procss ar of h forms: Mˆτ Mˆτ d dτ{ < N N( ) > (4) Mˆ τ Mτ Q( N, N( D)) d dτ{ < N N( D) > (5) Ths coffcs characrz h szs of chag of parcls ad faurs of parcl curr formd, rspcvly Thy rprs h umbr of parcls of rasformao u m h procss of lcro rasfr If h uadrc rms E() ar oly cosdrd, h opraor ˆM ca rprs as ˆ [ M M H N BB β µ β µ µ ) ( µ ) DD) ω aa ) ωlmd d )] ff a a a ff a m D D m m lm lm lm DB (6) Ulzg E (6) ad sparag h fucos rlad o τ ad complg hs graos h w do E (4) as: ( ) V V ( ) d a B B' () ' () a '' () ( ) V V ( ) ( ') ' ' ' ' ' ( ') ' ' '' ' d B a a () B () () ' ' ' ' Whr w usd h followg rlaoshps: (7) ± Mˆ ff Mff ± ± Mff M ff ± ( ), ( ) B a B a a B a B a B B() () a () B() () a () a B ' ' '' ' ' '' E Ba a () B() a () B() Ba, '' ' ' '' ' ' ω µ µ B Ths dyamcal coffcs ca bcom h followg Osagr rprsaos vru of Boso pospod Gr fuco [6-7,4] ( ') V r V ' ' d a B B' () ' () a'' () CC ( ) '' ' (8) whr r ϑ ab B' () ' () a'' () ab B' () ' () a'' () whr h sp fuco (f <), or (f >) Bcaus h dyamcal coffc coas odd Frm opraors, hus s avrag s zro I ordr o fd ou h xplc rprsao of w mus calcula h Gr fuco of hr parcls as abov mod W hr do approxmaly by Gr fuco of sgal parcl Sc H(,D) s oly rlad o suars of ad a, h h followg uaos hold () (), () H/ H/ / / ' ' ' a a (), a a () ω' ' ω' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Ulzg hs rlaoshps, h Euao (8) ca b xprssd by h Gr fuco of sgal parcl for h Boso opraor B of h xco, whch s as follows: V V dxp[ ( ω ) ] ( ) ' ( ') ' ' ' ' '' ' B ( o) B () N ( a) CC (9) Whr ( a) {xp[( β ω ) ]} ( a) {xp[( β ω ) ]} W ow sudy h rols of h abov suprsoud o h procss of lcro rasfr I hs cas, l h abov Gr fuco dos as: r ϑ B ( o) B [ B ( o), B ] ' ' coh For h cohr wav fuco E(7) h Boso opraor B () has h faur B () ϕ ϕ ϕ pplyg hs faurs ad Wojzak s mhod [5] ad furhr cosdrg h fluc of mpraur of h sysm, h h Gr fuco of sgal parcl ca b foud ou, whch s: ϑ B( o) B' ϕ() ϕ' xp[ β ( µ B)] J Proomcs Boform, a op accss joural ISSN: X Volum (8) 9-97 (7) - 95

4 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/jpb44 Thus, E (9) ca rprs as: V V ϑ β( µ d xp[ ( ω ) ] ϕ () ϕ' N () Whr ϕ() ad ϕ () ar h ampluds of h suprsoud o Es ( ad 4) Isrg E () o E () w ca oba ' T β d ( V ) N ( ) E cosh [ ν '( X X )] cos Ω β( µ cosh [ ν '( X X v / r)] Whr Xx/r, X x /r, Ω ω ω / W ow fd ou h grao of E (), whch s: () β( µ ) B cos Ω πωr () d cosh [ ν '( X X v / r)] ν ' v πωr cosh [ ν '( X X)]sh ν ' v ν ' v πωr πωr πω r πω r { h[ ν '( X X )][ h[ B ] h [ '( X X )]( )] ν ' ' πωr ν ' v ν ' v ν v ν v Whr B s Brooll umbr Th h abov dyamc coffc ca fally do as: πωr ' ( ) β( µ sh ( T) πωr ( V ) N ν ' v ' β( 4 µ B) βω βν v E [ ][ ] cosh [ ν '( X X )] ν ' v πωr πωr πω r πω r { h[ ν '( X X )][ h[ B ] h [ '( X X )]( ' ν ' πωr ν ' v ν ' v ν v ν v )} () Euao () s jus h dyamcal coffc of lcro rasfr alog h pro molculs by h suprsoud o E () Obvously, h spd of h lcro rasfr s rlad o h amplud ad vlocy of h o, h lcro s dsrbuo h door ad accpor as wll as h raco amog h o, door ad accpor I gral, h srogr h couplg bw hm, h h largr h spd of lcro rasfr bcaus h lar s drcly proporoal o h suar of h raco poal V Ths s corrspodd wh praccal cas ad rasoabl Thrfor, h abov rsul s corrc I ordr o xhb clarly h faurs of h lcro rasfr w ow sudy som spcal suaos Dscusso Th faurs of h lcro rasfr h cas of hghr ' ' cocrao of door ad accpor I hs cas νd ν N Ths mas ha N ad ar o rlad o, ad h sum, dz, ca b rplacd by h grao dz Thus w ca oba from E () ( ) β( µ ( V ) N πωr ' ' πωr () ( T) βν vesh ν ' v Ths shows clarly ha h dyamc coffc s also drcly proporoal o h suar of h raco poal V ( ) ad dcrasd wh crasg h vlocy ad amplud of h o Ths mas ha h spd of lcro rasfr by largr ad fas o s small ha ha by small ad slow o hs cas If w furhr ak accou of hs cas of πω r << ν ' v, h E () bcoms as: ( V ) NπΩr (4) ( ) β( µ ' ' Tβν ve Thus w kow ha h dyamcal coffc wll cras sly h cas E ad µ B I h cas of v Ths mas ha h suprsoud o s sac sa From E () w ca oba: ' β( µ ( T) U N( ) ( a) () 4 β E ( ω µ B ) cosh [ ν '( X X)] (5) Whr π () () V [ ( ω ω ) ], ω ω U If h faurs of dyamc coffcs amog Es (, ad 5) ar compard w ca fd ha h dyamc coffc h cas of v s largr ha hos ohr cass Ths rsmbl h lcro rasfr by h bll-yp magc-o ad h rsul of rasfr spd of rgy of frromagc rsoa h frromag obad by Wojzak ad Sukck [5] Ohrws, w ca also oba h dyamc coffc of door, QN (, ND ), f oly h paramrs of h accpor Es (- 5) ar rplacd by corrspodg paramrs of h door Howvr, o fd rprsao of QN (, ND ) s dffculy W mus aga add h raco bw h accpor ad door, whch s H D V D a d CC lm lm lm lm, o h abov Hamloa Th s calculao s complcad, whch s sudd ohr papr Th rlaxao m of h lcro rasfr, whch dos h sz of spd of lcro rasfr from h door o h accpor, s a vrs masur of h dyamcal coffc Thus ca b rprsd by τ cosa/ Usg E (5) w ca oba ' ' πωr ( T) βν vesh τ cosa ν ' v (6) ( ) β( µ ( V ) N πωr Th h lcrc curr formd h lcro rasfr procss h pro molcul ca b rprsd by: N N xp[ / τ ] (7) Ths rprsao s vry usful molcular ad chmcal bology Cocluso I hs papr w sudd h mchasm ad proprs of lcro rasfr alog pro molculs wh f mpraur T h lf sysms usg olar hory of bo-rgy raspor ad Gr fuco mhod Th mchasm of h lcro rasfr ca b dscrbd as follows Wh h suprsoud o s formd udr aco of rgy rlasd TP hydrolyss, whch dformao of pro molculs occurs, h lcros ar adhrd o h o hrough a aracd raco bw hm ad movs owards h accpor o follow h moo of h o alog h pro molcular chas Wh hy approach h accpors, h lcros ar raspord o h accpors du o h raco bw h lcros ad accpors Thus h lcros ar rasfrrd from doors o accpors vru of h suprsoud o Thrfor h mchasm of h J Proomcs Boform, a op accss joural ISSN: X Volum (8) 9-97 (7) - 96

5 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/jpb44 lcro rasfr s, ssc, jus a procss of oxdao -rduco raco Basd o hs mchasm w frs gv h Hamloa ad wav fuco of h sysm ad fd ou h o uo of h dyamcal uao h pro molculs wh f mpraur, ad oba fally h dyamcal coffc of h lcro rasfr ad s faurs of rasfr Th rsuls obad show ha h spd of h lcro rasfr s rlad o h amplud ad vlocy of h o, h lcro s dsrbuo h door ad accpor as wll as h raco amog h o, door ad accpor I gral, h srogr h couplg bw hm, h h largr h spd of lcro rasfr bcaus h lar s drcly proporoal o h suar V of h raco poal Mawhl, w fally g h chagd rul of lcrc curr arsg from h lcro rasfr wh varyg m Ths rsuls ar usful molcular ad chmcal bology ckowldgm Th auhors would lk o ackowldg h Naoal 97 projc of Cha for facal suppor (Gra No: CB57) Rfrcs Xao-Fg P (7) Boyscs Th Prss of Uvrsy of Elcroc Scc & Tchology of Cha, Chgdu, Cha Hul C, Moush L, Yusog Z (999) Th srucurs ad fucos of bo macromolculs Shagha Prss of Mdcal Scc, Shagha, Cha pp: 4-54 Davydov S (98) Bology ad uaum mchacs Prgamo, NY, US 4 Davydov S (99) Th os molcular sysms Rdl, Dordrch 5 Davydov S (98) Solos uas-o-dmsoal molcular srucurs Sov Phys Usp 5: Davydov S, Zoloaruk V (98) Elcro ad xcos olar molcular chas Physca Scrpa 8: Saarc M, Zakula R (98) O h rol of h o mchasm h lcro rasfr alog h uas-o dmsoal molcular srucurs Phys Sa Sol 6: 67-8 Saarc M, Ivc Z, Zakula R (986) Th kc coffc of h lcro rasfr alog a o dmsoal molcular cha achvd by h mchasm of suprsoc Davydov o Physca Scrpa 4: Goldma C (99) Log-rag lcro rasfr pro by a rormalzdprurbao-xpaso approach Phys Rv 4: Pag XF () Improvm of h Davydov hory of borgy raspor pro molcular sysms Phys Rv E6: 6989 Pag XF () Th lfm of h o h mprovd Davydov modl a h bologcal mpraur K for pro molculs Europa Phys J B9: 97-6 Pag XF () Calculao of vbraoal rgy-spcra of α-hlcal pro molculs ad s proprs Commu Thor Phys 5: Pag XF () Th Faurs of Ifrard bsorpo of h Pro Molculs h Lvg Sysm Commu Thor Phys 6: 78 4 Pag XF () Vbraoal rgy-spcra of pro molculs ad ohrmally bologcal ffc of frard lgh J I If Mll Wavs : Pag XF () Quaum vbraoal rgy spcra of molcular chas crysall acald J Phys Chm Solds 6: 79 6 Pag XF (999) Ivsgao o molcular mchasm curd sckss for frard mdcal-srum Ch J BoMd Eg 8: 9 7 Pag XF () Th bologcal ffc ad mdcal fucos of h frard rays Ch J BoMd Eg : 6 8 Pag XF, Fg YP (5) Quaum mchacs olar sysms World Scc Publshg Co, NJ, US, pp: Pag XF, Zhag HW, Yu JF, Fg YP (5) Sas ad proprs of h o raspord bo-rgy ouform pro molculs a yogcal mpraur Phys L 5: 48 Pag XF, Luo YH (4) Sablzao of h o raspord bo-rgy pro molculs h mprovd modl Commu Thor Phys 4: 47 Pag XF, Yu JF, Luo YH (5) Iflucs of uaum ad dsordr ffcs o os xcd pro molculs mprovd modl Commu Thor Phys 4: 67 Pag XF, Zhag HW (5) Chags of h Mössbaur ffc causd by h xcao of h os h orgac molcular crysals a f mpraur J Phys Chm Solds 66: Pag XF, Zhag HW, Yu JF, Luo YH (5) Thrmal sably of h w o raspord bo-rgy udr fluc of flucuaos of characrsc paramrs a bologcal mpraur h pro molculs I J Modr Physcs B 9: Pag XF, Zhag HW, Yu JF (6) Th fluc of h ha bah ad srucural dsordr pro molculs o o raspord bo-rgy a mprovd modl J Phys Codsd Mar 8: Pag XF, Zhag HW, Yu JF, Luo YH (6) Iflucs of varaos of characrsc paramrs of pro molculs o sas of o raspord bo-rgy I J Modr Physcs B : Pag XF, Yu JF, Lao YH (7) Combao ffcs of srucur ouformy of pros o h o raspord bo-rgy Ir J Mod Phys B : -4 7 Pag XF, Lu MJ (7) Proprs of o-raspord bo-rgy α-hlx pro molculs wh hr chals Commu Thor Phys 48: Pag XF (8) Ifluc of srucur dsordrs ad mpraurs of sysms o h bo-rgy raspor pro molculs (II) Frors of Physcs Cha : Pag XF, Lu MJ (9) Faurs of moo of o raspord bo-rgy aprodc α-hlx pro molculs wh hr chals Commu Thor Phys 5: 7-8 Pag XF, Yu JF, Lu MJ () Chags of proprs of h o wh mpraur udr flucs of srucur dsordr h α-hlx pro molculs wh hr chals Mol Phys 8: 97-5 Pag XF () Th hory of bo-rgy raspor h pro molculs ad s proprs Physcs of Lf Rvw 8: Pag XF () Corrcss ad complss of h hory of bo-rgy raspor Phys Lf Rv 8: -5 Pag XF () Th proprs of bo rgy raspor ad fluc of srucur o-uformy ad mpraur of sysms o rgy raspor alog polyppd cha Progrss of Boyscs Mol Bol 8: Zubarv NT (97) No-ulbrum sascal hrmodyacs ( s d) Nauka, Moskow, Russa pp: Wojozak L, Sukck (98) Frromagc rsoac for o-dmsoal mags wh os Z Phys B Codsd Ma 47: -6 Cao: Xao-Fg P (7) Th Mchasm ad Proprs of Elcro Trasfr h Pro Molculs J Proomcs Boform : 9-97 do: 47/jpb44 J Proomcs Boform, a op accss joural ISSN: X Volum (8) 9-97 (7) - 97

Gauge Theories. Elementary Particle Physics Strong Interaction Fenomenology. Diego Bettoni Academic year

Gauge Theories. Elementary Particle Physics Strong Interaction Fenomenology. Diego Bettoni Academic year Gau Thors Elmary Parcl Physcs Sro Iraco Fomoloy o Bo cadmc yar - Gau Ivarac Gau Ivarac Whr do Laraas or Hamloas com from? How do w kow ha a cra raco should dscrb a acual hyscal sysm? Why s h lcromac raco

More information

Lecture 12: Introduction to nonlinear optics II.

Lecture 12: Introduction to nonlinear optics II. Lcur : Iroduco o olar opcs II r Kužl ropagao of srog opc sgals propr olar ffcs Scod ordr ffcs! Thr-wav mxg has machg codo! Scod harmoc grao! Sum frqucy grao! aramrc grao Thrd ordr ffcs! Four-wav mxg! Opcal

More information

Control Systems (Lecture note #6)

Control Systems (Lecture note #6) 6.5 Corol Sysms (Lcur o #6 Las Tm: Lar algbra rw Lar algbrac quaos soluos Paramrzao of all soluos Smlary rasformao: compao form Egalus ad gcors dagoal form bg pcur: o brach of h cours Vcor spacs marcs

More information

MECE 3320 Measurements & Instrumentation. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Signals

MECE 3320 Measurements & Instrumentation. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Signals MECE 330 MECE 330 Masurms & Isrumao Sac ad Damc Characrscs of Sgals Dr. Isaac Chouapall Dparm of Mchacal Egrg Uvrs of Txas Pa Amrca MECE 330 Sgal Cocps A sgal s h phscal formao abou a masurd varabl bg

More information

Series of New Information Divergences, Properties and Corresponding Series of Metric Spaces

Series of New Information Divergences, Properties and Corresponding Series of Metric Spaces Srs of Nw Iforao Dvrgcs, Proprs ad Corrspodg Srs of Mrc Spacs K.C.Ja, Praphull Chhabra Profssor, Dpar of Mahacs, Malavya Naoal Isu of Tchology, Japur (Rajasha), Ida Ph.d Scholar, Dpar of Mahacs, Malavya

More information

Dr. Junchao Xia Center of Biophysics and Computational Biology. Fall /21/2016 1/23

Dr. Junchao Xia Center of Biophysics and Computational Biology. Fall /21/2016 1/23 BIO53 Bosascs Lcur 04: Cral Lm Thorm ad Thr Dsrbuos Drvd from h Normal Dsrbuo Dr. Juchao a Cr of Bophyscs ad Compuaoal Bology Fall 06 906 3 Iroduco I hs lcur w wll alk abou ma cocps as lsd blow, pcd valu

More information

CHAPTER: 3 INVERSE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION: DIFFERENT METHOD OF ESTIMATIONS

CHAPTER: 3 INVERSE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION: DIFFERENT METHOD OF ESTIMATIONS CHAPTER: 3 INVERSE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION: DIFFERENT METHOD OF ESTIMATIONS 3. INTRODUCTION Th Ivrs Expoal dsrbuo was roducd by Kllr ad Kamah (98) ad has b sudd ad dscussd as a lfm modl. If a radom varabl

More information

Quantum Theory of Open Systems Based on Stochastic Differential Equations of Generalized Langevin (non-wiener) Type

Quantum Theory of Open Systems Based on Stochastic Differential Equations of Generalized Langevin (non-wiener) Type ISSN 063-776 Joural of Exprmal ad Thorcal Physcs 0 Vol. 5 No. 3 pp. 3739. Plads Publshg Ic. 0. Orgal Russa Tx A.M. Basharov 0 publshd Zhural Esprmal o Torchso Fz 0 Vol. 4 No. 3 pp. 4944. ATOMS MOLECULES

More information

8. Queueing systems. Contents. Simple teletraffic model. Pure queueing system

8. Queueing systems. Contents. Simple teletraffic model. Pure queueing system 8. Quug sysms Cos 8. Quug sysms Rfrshr: Sml lraffc modl Quug dscl M/M/ srvr wag lacs Alcao o ack lvl modllg of daa raffc M/M/ srvrs wag lacs lc8. S-38.45 Iroduco o Tlraffc Thory Srg 5 8. Quug sysms 8.

More information

Reliability analysis of time - dependent stress - strength system when the number of cycles follows binomial distribution

Reliability analysis of time - dependent stress - strength system when the number of cycles follows binomial distribution raoal Joural of Sascs ad Ssms SSN 97-675 Volum, Numbr 7,. 575-58 sarch da Publcaos h://www.rublcao.com labl aalss of m - dd srss - srgh ssm wh h umbr of ccls follows bomal dsrbuo T.Sumah Umamahswar, N.Swah,

More information

Chap 2: Reliability and Availability Models

Chap 2: Reliability and Availability Models Chap : lably ad valably Modls lably = prob{s s fully fucog [,]} Suppos from [,] m prod, w masur ou of N compos, of whch N : # of compos oprag corrcly a m N f : # of compos whch hav fald a m rlably of h

More information

Two-Dimensional Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

Two-Dimensional Quantum Harmonic Oscillator D Qa Haroc Oscllaor Two-Dsoal Qa Haroc Oscllaor 6 Qa Mchacs Prof. Y. F. Ch D Qa Haroc Oscllaor D Qa Haroc Oscllaor ch5 Schrödgr cosrcd h cohr sa of h D H.O. o dscrb a classcal arcl wh a wav ack whos cr

More information

Least squares and motion. Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD

Least squares and motion. Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD Las squars ad moo uo Vascoclos ECE Dparm UCSD Pla for oda oda w wll dscuss moo smao hs s rsg wo was moo s vr usful as a cu for rcogo sgmao comprsso c. s a gra ampl of las squars problm w wll also wrap

More information

k of the incident wave) will be greater t is too small to satisfy the required kinematics boundary condition, (19)

k of the incident wave) will be greater t is too small to satisfy the required kinematics boundary condition, (19) TOTAL INTRNAL RFLTION Kmacs pops Sc h vcos a coplaa, l s cosd h cd pla cocds wh h X pla; hc 0. y y y osd h cas whch h lgh s cd fom h mdum of hgh dx of faco >. Fo cd agls ga ha h ccal agl s 1 ( /, h hooal

More information

EE 232 Lightwave Devices. Photodiodes

EE 232 Lightwave Devices. Photodiodes EE 3 Lgwav Dvcs Lcur 8: oocoucors a p-- ooos Rag: Cuag, Cap. 4 Isrucor: Mg C. Wu Uvrsy of Calfora, Brkly Elcrcal Egrg a Compur Sccs Dp. EE3 Lcur 8-8. Uvrsy of Calfora oocoucors ω + - x Ara w L Euval Crcu

More information

Mathematical Statistics. Chapter VIII Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem

Mathematical Statistics. Chapter VIII Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem Mahmacal ascs 8 Chapr VIII amplg Dsrbos ad h Cral Lm Thorm Fcos of radom arabls ar sall of rs sascal applcao Cosdr a s of obsrabl radom arabls L For ampl sppos h arabls ar a radom sampl of s from a poplao

More information

Akpan s Algorithm to Determine State Transition Matrix and Solution to Differential Equations with Mixed Initial and Boundary Conditions

Akpan s Algorithm to Determine State Transition Matrix and Solution to Differential Equations with Mixed Initial and Boundary Conditions IOSR Joural o Elcrcal ad Elcrocs Egrg IOSR-JEEE -ISSN: 78-676,p-ISSN: 3-333, Volu, Issu 5 Vr. III Sp - Oc 6, PP 9-96 www.osrourals.org kpa s lgorh o Dr Sa Traso Marx ad Soluo o Dral Euaos wh Mxd Ial ad

More information

Consider a system of 2 simultaneous first order linear equations

Consider a system of 2 simultaneous first order linear equations Soluon of sysms of frs ordr lnar quaons onsdr a sysm of smulanous frs ordr lnar quaons a b c d I has h alrna mar-vcor rprsnaon a b c d Or, n shorhand A, f A s alrady known from con W know ha h abov sysm

More information

Phys Nov. 3, 2017 Today s Topics. Continue Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Theory, Photons, and Light Reading for Next Time

Phys Nov. 3, 2017 Today s Topics. Continue Chapter 2: Electromagnetic Theory, Photons, and Light Reading for Next Time Phys 31. No. 3, 17 Today s Topcs Cou Chap : lcomagc Thoy, Phoos, ad Lgh Radg fo Nx Tm 1 By Wdsday: Radg hs Wk Fsh Fowls Ch. (.3.11 Polazao Thoy, Jos Macs, Fsl uaos ad Bws s Agl Homwok hs Wk Chap Homwok

More information

Improvement of the Reliability of a Series-Parallel System Subject to Modified Weibull Distribution with Fuzzy Parameters

Improvement of the Reliability of a Series-Parallel System Subject to Modified Weibull Distribution with Fuzzy Parameters Joural of Mahmacs ad Sascs Rsarch Arcls Improvm of h Rlably of a Srs-Paralll Sysm Subjc o Modfd Wbull Dsrbuo wh Fuzzy Paramrs Nama Salah Youssf Tmraz Mahmacs Dparm, Faculy of Scc, Taa Uvrsy, Taa, Egyp

More information

Improved Exponential Estimator for Population Variance Using Two Auxiliary Variables

Improved Exponential Estimator for Population Variance Using Two Auxiliary Variables Improvd Epoal Emaor for Populao Varac Ug Two Aular Varabl Rajh gh Dparm of ac,baara Hdu Uvr(U.P., Ida (rgha@ahoo.com Pakaj Chauha ad rmala awa chool of ac, DAVV, Idor (M.P., Ida Flor maradach Dparm of

More information

Total Prime Graph. Abstract: We introduce a new type of labeling known as Total Prime Labeling. Graphs which admit a Total Prime labeling are

Total Prime Graph. Abstract: We introduce a new type of labeling known as Total Prime Labeling. Graphs which admit a Total Prime labeling are Itratoal Joural Of Computatoal Egrg Rsarch (crol.com) Vol. Issu. 5 Total Prm Graph M.Rav (a) Ramasubramaa 1, R.Kala 1 Dpt.of Mathmatcs, Sr Shakth Isttut of Egrg & Tchology, Combator 641 06. Dpt. of Mathmatcs,

More information

Almost unbiased exponential estimator for the finite population mean

Almost unbiased exponential estimator for the finite population mean Almos ubasd poal smaor for f populao ma Rajs Sg, Pakaj aua, ad rmala Saa, Scool of Sascs, DAVV, Idor (M.P., Ida (rsgsa@aoo.com Flor Smaradac ar of Dparm of Mamacs, Uvrs of Mco, Gallup, USA (smarad@um.du

More information

Inference on Curved Poisson Distribution Using its Statistical Curvature

Inference on Curved Poisson Distribution Using its Statistical Curvature Rsarch Joural of Mahacal ad Sascal Sccs ISSN 3 647 ol. 5 6-6 Ju 3 Rs. J. Mahacal ad Sascal Sc. Ifrc o Curvd Posso Dsrbuo Usg s Sascal Curvaur Absrac Sal Babulal ad Sadhu Sachaya Dpar of sascs Th Uvrsy

More information

Chapter 5 Transient Analysis

Chapter 5 Transient Analysis hpr 5 rs Alyss Jsug Jg ompl rspos rs rspos y-s rspos m os rs orr co orr Dffrl Equo. rs Alyss h ffrc of lyss of crcus wh rgy sorg lms (ucors or cpcors) & m-ryg sgls wh rss crcus s h h quos rsulg from r

More information

Improved Exponential Estimator for Population Variance Using Two Auxiliary Variables

Improved Exponential Estimator for Population Variance Using Two Auxiliary Variables Rajh gh Dparm of ac,baara Hdu Uvr(U.P.), Ida Pakaj Chauha, rmala awa chool of ac, DAVV, Idor (M.P.), Ida Flor maradach Dparm of Mahmac, Uvr of w Mco, Gallup, UA Improvd Epoal Emaor for Populao Varac Ug

More information

3.4 Properties of the Stress Tensor

3.4 Properties of the Stress Tensor cto.4.4 Proprts of th trss sor.4. trss rasformato Lt th compots of th Cauchy strss tsor a coordat systm wth bas vctors b. h compots a scod coordat systm wth bas vctors j,, ar gv by th tsor trasformato

More information

Fourier Series: main points

Fourier Series: main points BIOEN 3 Lcur 6 Fourir rasforms Novmbr 9, Fourir Sris: mai pois Ifii sum of sis, cosis, or boh + a a cos( + b si( All frqucis ar igr mulipls of a fudamal frqucy, o F.S. ca rprs ay priodic fucio ha w ca

More information

Survival Analysis for Randomized Clinical Trials II Cox Regression. Ziad Taib Biostatistics AstraZeneca February 26, 2008

Survival Analysis for Randomized Clinical Trials II Cox Regression. Ziad Taib Biostatistics AstraZeneca February 26, 2008 Survval alyss for Raomz Clcal rals II Cox Rgrsso a ab osascs sraca Fbruary 6, 8 la Irouco o proporoal azar mol H aral lkloo Comparg wo groups umrcal xampl Comparso w log-rak s mol xp z + + k k z Ursag

More information

Chain DOUBLE PITCH TYPE RS TYPE RS POLY-STEEL TYPE

Chain DOUBLE PITCH TYPE RS TYPE RS POLY-STEEL TYPE d Fr Flw OULE IC YE YE OLY-EEL YE Oubard wh d s (d ) s usd fr fr flw vya. Usually w srads ar usd h qupm. d s basd sadard rllr ha wh sd rllrs salld xdd ps. hr ar hr yps f bas ha: (1) ubl ph rllr ha wh sadard

More information

Introduction to logistic regression

Introduction to logistic regression Itroducto to logstc rgrsso Gv: datast D { 2 2... } whr s a k-dmsoal vctor of ral-valud faturs or attrbuts ad s a bar class labl or targt. hus w ca sa that R k ad {0 }. For ampl f k 4 a datast of 3 data

More information

Part B: Transform Methods. Professor E. Ambikairajah UNSW, Australia

Part B: Transform Methods. Professor E. Ambikairajah UNSW, Australia Par B: rasform Mhods Profssor E. Ambikairaah UNSW, Ausralia Chapr : Fourir Rprsaio of Sigal. Fourir Sris. Fourir rasform.3 Ivrs Fourir rasform.4 Propris.4. Frqucy Shif.4. im Shif.4.3 Scalig.4.4 Diffriaio

More information

Continous system: differential equations

Continous system: differential equations /6/008 Coious sysm: diffrial quaios Drmiisic modls drivaivs isad of (+)-( r( compar ( + ) R( + r ( (0) ( R ( 0 ) ( Dcid wha hav a ffc o h sysm Drmi whhr h paramrs ar posiiv or gaiv, i.. giv growh or rducio

More information

Chapter 6. pn-junction diode: I-V characteristics

Chapter 6. pn-junction diode: I-V characteristics Chatr 6. -jucto dod: -V charactrstcs Tocs: stady stat rsos of th jucto dod udr ald d.c. voltag. ucto udr bas qualtatv dscusso dal dod quato Dvatos from th dal dod Charg-cotrol aroach Prof. Yo-S M Elctroc

More information

STRUCTURAL FAULT DETECTION OF BRIDGES BASED ON LINEAR SYSTEM PARAMETER AND MTS METHOD

STRUCTURAL FAULT DETECTION OF BRIDGES BASED ON LINEAR SYSTEM PARAMETER AND MTS METHOD Joural of JSCE, Vol., 3-43, 03 STRUCTURAL FAULT DETECTION OF BRIDGES BASED ON LINEAR SYSTEM PARAMETER AND MTS METHOD Chul-Woo KIM, Ro ISEMOTO, Kuomo SUGIURA 3 ad Msuo KAWATANI 4 Mmbr of JSCE, Profssor,

More information

counting statistics in thermal transport in nanojunctions

counting statistics in thermal transport in nanojunctions rs bhvor d fll cog sscs hrml rspor ojcos J-Shg Wg Dp PhysNUS Ol of h lk rodco Mhod of oqlbrm r s fcos Applcos hrml crrs D ch d obs rs problm Fll cog sscs MS workshop Forr s lw for h codco J [ ] f f d Forr

More information

Existence of Nonoscillatory Solutions for a Class of N-order Neutral Differential Systems

Existence of Nonoscillatory Solutions for a Class of N-order Neutral Differential Systems Vo 3 No Mod Appd Scc Exsc of Nooscaoy Souos fo a Cass of N-od Nua Dffa Sysms Zhb Ch & Apg Zhag Dpam of Ifomao Egg Hua Uvsy of Tchoogy Hua 4 Cha E-ma: chzhbb@63com Th sach s facd by Hua Povc aua sccs fud

More information

Algorithms to Solve Singularly Perturbed Volterra Integral Equations

Algorithms to Solve Singularly Perturbed Volterra Integral Equations Avalabl a hp://pvamudu/aam Appl Appl Mah ISSN: 9-9 Vol Issu Ju pp 9-8 Prvousl Vol Issu pp Applcaos ad Appld Mahmacs: A Iraoal Joural AAM Algorhms o Solv Sgularl Prurbd Volrra Igral Equaos Marwa Tasr Alqura

More information

Ch. 24 Molecular Reaction Dynamics 1. Collision Theory

Ch. 24 Molecular Reaction Dynamics 1. Collision Theory Ch. 4 Molcular Raction Dynamics 1. Collision Thory Lctur 16. Diffusion-Controlld Raction 3. Th Matrial Balanc Equation 4. Transition Stat Thory: Th Eyring Equation 5. Transition Stat Thory: Thrmodynamic

More information

Chapter 4. Continuous Time Markov Chains. Babita Goyal

Chapter 4. Continuous Time Markov Chains. Babita Goyal Chapr 4 Couous Tm Markov Chas Baba Goyal Ky words: Couous m sochasc procsss, Posso procss, brh procss, dah procss, gralzd brh-dah procss, succssv occurrcs, r-arrval m. Suggsd radgs:. Mdh, J. (996, Sochasc

More information

On the Possible Coding Principles of DNA & I Ching

On the Possible Coding Principles of DNA & I Ching Sctfc GOD Joural May 015 Volum 6 Issu 4 pp. 161-166 Hu, H. & Wu, M., O th Possbl Codg Prcpls of DNA & I Chg 161 O th Possbl Codg Prcpls of DNA & I Chg Hupg Hu * & Maox Wu Rvw Artcl ABSTRACT I ths rvw artcl,

More information

Response of LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials

Response of LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials 3 Fourir sris coiuous-im Rspos of LI Sysms o Complx Expoials Ouli Cosidr a LI sysm wih h ui impuls rspos Suppos h ipu sigal is a complx xpoial s x s is a complx umbr, xz zis a complx umbr h or h h w will

More information

On the Hubbard-Stratonovich Transformation for Interacting Bosons

On the Hubbard-Stratonovich Transformation for Interacting Bosons O h ubbrd-sroovh Trsformo for Irg osos Mr R Zrbur ff Fbrury 8 8 ubbrd-sroovh for frmos: rmdr osos r dffr! Rdom mrs: hyrbol S rsformo md rgorous osus for rg bosos /8 Wyl grou symmry L : G GL V b rrso of

More information

MAT3700. Tutorial Letter 201/2/2016. Mathematics III (Engineering) Semester 2. Department of Mathematical sciences MAT3700/201/2/2016

MAT3700. Tutorial Letter 201/2/2016. Mathematics III (Engineering) Semester 2. Department of Mathematical sciences MAT3700/201/2/2016 MAT3700/0//06 Tuorial Lr 0//06 Mahmaics III (Egirig) MAT3700 Smsr Dparm of Mahmaical scics This uorial lr coais soluios ad aswrs o assigms. BARCODE CONTENTS Pag SOLUTIONS ASSIGNMENT... 3 SOLUTIONS ASSIGNMENT...

More information

Almost Unbiased Exponential Estimator for the Finite Population Mean

Almost Unbiased Exponential Estimator for the Finite Population Mean Rajs Sg, Pakaj aua, rmala Saa Scool of Sascs, DAVV, Idor (M.P., Ida Flor Smaradac Uvrs of Mco, USA Almos Ubasd Epoal Esmaor for F Populao Ma Publsd : Rajs Sg, Pakaj aua, rmala Saa, Flor Smaradac (Edors

More information

(Reference: sections in Silberberg 5 th ed.)

(Reference: sections in Silberberg 5 th ed.) ALE. Atomic Structur Nam HEM K. Marr Tam No. Sctio What is a atom? What is th structur of a atom? Th Modl th structur of a atom (Rfrc: sctios.4 -. i Silbrbrg 5 th d.) Th subatomic articls that chmists

More information

signal amplification; design of digital logic; memory circuits

signal amplification; design of digital logic; memory circuits hatr Th lctroc dvc that s caabl of currt ad voltag amlfcato, or ga, cojucto wth othr crcut lmts, s th trasstor, whch s a thr-trmal dvc. Th dvlomt of th slco trasstor by Bard, Bratta, ad chockly at Bll

More information

Anouncements. Conjugate Gradients. Steepest Descent. Outline. Steepest Descent. Steepest Descent

Anouncements. Conjugate Gradients. Steepest Descent. Outline. Steepest Descent. Steepest Descent oucms Couga Gas Mchal Kazha (6.657) Ifomao abou h Sma (6.757) hav b pos ol: hp://www.cs.hu.u/~msha Tch Spcs: o M o Tusay afoo. o Two paps scuss ach w. o Vos fo w s caa paps u by Thusay vg. Oul Rvw of Sps

More information

A NOVEL DIFFERENCE EQUATION REPRESENTATION FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME SERIES

A NOVEL DIFFERENCE EQUATION REPRESENTATION FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME SERIES Joural of Thorcal ad Appld Iformao Tchology h Spmbr 4. Vol. 67 No. 5-4 JATIT & LLS. All rghs rsrvd. ISSN: 99-8645 www.a.org E-ISSN: 87-395 A NOVEL DIFFERENCE EQUATION REPRESENTATION FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE

More information

Computational Simulations and Experiments on Vibration Control of a Flexible Two-link Manipulator Using a Piezoelectric Actuator

Computational Simulations and Experiments on Vibration Control of a Flexible Two-link Manipulator Using a Piezoelectric Actuator Egrg Lrs, 3:3, EL_3_3_ Compuaoal Smulaos ad Exprms o Vbrao Corol of a Flxbl Two-lk Mapulaor Usg a Pzolcrc Acuaor Abdul Kadr Muhammad, Shgo Okamoo, Ja Hoo L, Mmbrs, IAENG Absrac Th purposs of hs rsarch

More information

Aotomorphic Functions And Fermat s Last Theorem(4)

Aotomorphic Functions And Fermat s Last Theorem(4) otomorphc Fuctos d Frmat s Last Thorm(4) Chu-Xua Jag P. O. Box 94 Bg 00854 P. R. Cha agchuxua@sohu.com bsract 67 Frmat wrot: It s mpossbl to sparat a cub to two cubs or a bquadrat to two bquadrats or gral

More information

NHPP and S-Shaped Models for Testing the Software Failure Process

NHPP and S-Shaped Models for Testing the Software Failure Process Irol Jourl of Ls Trds Copug (E-ISSN: 45-5364 8 Volu, Issu, Dcr NHPP d S-Shpd Modls for Tsg h Sofwr Flur Procss Dr. Kr Arr Asss Profssor K.J. Soy Isu of Mg Suds & Rsrch Vdy Ngr Vdy Vhr Mu. Id. dshuh_3@yhoo.co/rrr@ssr.soy.du

More information

A Simple Representation of the Weighted Non-Central Chi-Square Distribution

A Simple Representation of the Weighted Non-Central Chi-Square Distribution SSN: 9-875 raoa Joura o ovav Rarch Scc grg a Tchoogy (A S 97: 7 Cr rgaao) Vo u 9 Sbr A S Rrao o h Wgh No-Cra Ch-Squar Drbuo Dr ay A hry Dr Sahar A brah Dr Ya Y Aba Proor D o Mahaca Sac u o Saca Su a Rarch

More information

An N-Component Series Repairable System with Repairman Doing Other Work and Priority in Repair

An N-Component Series Repairable System with Repairman Doing Other Work and Priority in Repair Mor ppl Novmbr 8 N-Compo r Rparabl m h Rparma Dog Ohr ork a ror Rpar Jag Yag E-mal: jag_ag7@6om Xau Mg a uo hg ollag arb Normal Uvr Yaq ua Taoao ag uppor b h Fouao or h aural o b prov o Cha 5 uppor b h

More information

Advanced Queueing Theory. M/G/1 Queueing Systems

Advanced Queueing Theory. M/G/1 Queueing Systems Advand Quung Thory Ths slds ar rad by Dr. Yh Huang of Gorg Mason Unvrsy. Sudns rgsrd n Dr. Huang's ourss a GMU an ma a sngl mahn-radabl opy and prn a sngl opy of ah sld for hr own rfrn, so long as ah sld

More information

On the Existence and uniqueness for solution of system Fractional Differential Equations

On the Existence and uniqueness for solution of system Fractional Differential Equations OSR Jourl o Mhms OSR-JM SSN: 78-578. Volum 4 ssu 3 Nov. - D. PP -5 www.osrjourls.org O h Es d uquss or soluo o ssm rol Drl Equos Mh Ad Al-Wh Dprm o Appld S Uvrs o holog Bghdd- rq Asr: hs ppr w d horm o

More information

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF FINITE-TIME RUIN PROBABILITY IN A BY-CLAIM RISK MODEL WITH CONSTANT INTEREST RATE

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF FINITE-TIME RUIN PROBABILITY IN A BY-CLAIM RISK MODEL WITH CONSTANT INTEREST RATE Joural of Mahmacs ad Sascs 3: 339-357 4 ISSN: 549-3644 4 Scc Publcaos do:.3844/mssp.4.339.357 Publshd Ol 3 4 hp://www.hscpub.com/mss.oc ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF FINITE-TIME RUIN PROBABILITY IN A BY-CLAIM

More information

1973 AP Calculus BC: Section I

1973 AP Calculus BC: Section I 97 AP Calculus BC: Scio I 9 Mius No Calculaor No: I his amiaio, l dos h aural logarihm of (ha is, logarihm o h bas ).. If f ( ) =, h f ( ) = ( ). ( ) + d = 7 6. If f( ) = +, h h s of valus for which f

More information

In 1991 Fermat s Last Theorem Has Been Proved

In 1991 Fermat s Last Theorem Has Been Proved I 99 Frmat s Last Thorm Has B Provd Chu-Xua Jag P.O.Box 94Bg 00854Cha Jcxua00@s.com;cxxxx@6.com bstract I 67 Frmat wrot: It s mpossbl to sparat a cub to two cubs or a bquadrat to two bquadrats or gral

More information

Part I- Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incident. Part II- Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incident

Part I- Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incident. Part II- Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incident Apl 6, 3 Uboudd Mda Gudd Mda Chap 7 Chap 8 3 mls 3 o 3 M F bad Lgh wavs md by h su Pa I- Wav Rlo ad Tasmsso a Nomal Id Pa II- Wav Rlo ad Tasmsso a Oblqu Id Pa III- Gal Rlao Bw ad Wavguds ad Cavy Rsoao

More information

Introduction to Laplace Transforms October 25, 2017

Introduction to Laplace Transforms October 25, 2017 Iroduco o Lplc Trform Ocobr 5, 7 Iroduco o Lplc Trform Lrr ro Mchcl Egrg 5 Smr Egrg l Ocobr 5, 7 Oul Rvw l cl Wh Lplc rform fo of Lplc rform Gg rform b gro Fdg rform d vr rform from bl d horm pplco o dffrl

More information

Summary: Solving a Homogeneous System of Two Linear First Order Equations in Two Unknowns

Summary: Solving a Homogeneous System of Two Linear First Order Equations in Two Unknowns Summary: Solvng a Homognous Sysm of Two Lnar Frs Ordr Equaons n Two Unknowns Gvn: A Frs fnd h wo gnvalus, r, and hr rspcv corrspondng gnvcors, k, of h coffcn mar A Dpndng on h gnvalus and gnvcors, h gnral

More information

Phys463.nb Conductivity. Another equivalent definition of the Fermi velocity is

Phys463.nb Conductivity. Another equivalent definition of the Fermi velocity is 39 Anohr quival dfiniion of h Fri vlociy is pf vf (6.4) If h rgy is a quadraic funcion of k H k L, hs wo dfiniions ar idical. If is NOT a quadraic funcion of k (which could happ as will b discussd in h

More information

Major: All Engineering Majors. Authors: Autar Kaw, Luke Snyder

Major: All Engineering Majors. Authors: Autar Kaw, Luke Snyder Nolr Rgrsso Mjor: All Egrg Mjors Auhors: Aur Kw, Luk Sydr hp://urclhodsgusfdu Trsforg Nurcl Mhods Educo for STEM Udrgrdus 3/9/5 hp://urclhodsgusfdu Nolr Rgrsso hp://urclhodsgusfdu Nolr Rgrsso So populr

More information

Linear System Review. Linear System Review. Descriptions of Linear Systems: 2008 Spring ME854 - GGZ Page 1

Linear System Review. Linear System Review. Descriptions of Linear Systems: 2008 Spring ME854 - GGZ Page 1 8 Sprg ME854 - Z Pg r Sym Rvw r Sym Rvw r Sym Rvw crpo of r Sym: p m R y R R y FT : & U Y Trfr Fco : y or : & : d y d r Sym Rvw orollbly d Obrvbly: fo 3.: FT dymc ym or h pr d o b corollbl f y l > d fl

More information

The real E-k diagram of Si is more complicated (indirect semiconductor). The bottom of E C and top of E V appear for different values of k.

The real E-k diagram of Si is more complicated (indirect semiconductor). The bottom of E C and top of E V appear for different values of k. Modr Smcoductor Dvcs for Itgratd rcuts haptr. lctros ad Hols Smcoductors or a bad ctrd at k=0, th -k rlatoshp ar th mmum s usually parabolc: m = k * m* d / dk d / dk gatv gatv ffctv mass Wdr small d /

More information

Chapter 3 Linear Equations of Higher Order (Page # 144)

Chapter 3 Linear Equations of Higher Order (Page # 144) Ma Modr Dirial Equaios Lcur wk 4 Jul 4-8 Dr Firozzama Darm o Mahmaics ad Saisics Arizoa Sa Uivrsi This wk s lcur will covr har ad har 4 Scios 4 har Liar Equaios o Highr Ordr Pag # 44 Scio Iroducio: Scod

More information

State Observer Design

State Observer Design Sa Obsrvr Dsgn A. Khak Sdgh Conrol Sysms Group Faculy of Elcrcal and Compur Engnrng K. N. Toos Unvrsy of Tchnology Fbruary 2009 1 Problm Formulaon A ky assumpon n gnvalu assgnmn and sablzng sysms usng

More information

Delay-Dependent State Estimation for Time Delay Systems

Delay-Dependent State Estimation for Time Delay Systems WSEAS TRANSACTIONS o SYSTEMS ad CONTROL Mohammad Al Pakzad, Bja Moav Dlay-Dpd Sa Esmao for Tm Dlay Sysms MOHAMMAD ALI PAKZAD Dparm of Elcrcal Egrg Scc ad Rsarch Brach, Islamc Azad Uvrsy Thra IRAN m.pakzad@srbau.ac.r

More information

Asymptotic Behavior of Finite-Time Ruin Probability in a By-Claim Risk Model with Constant Interest Rate

Asymptotic Behavior of Finite-Time Ruin Probability in a By-Claim Risk Model with Constant Interest Rate Th Uvrsy of Souhr Msssspp Th Aqula Dgal Commuy Sud ublcaos 8-5-4 Asympoc Bhavor of F-Tm Ru robably a By-Clam Rs Modl wh Cosa Irs Ra L Wag Uvrsy of Souhr Msssspp Follow hs ad addoal wors a: hps://aqula.usm.du/sud_pubs

More information

Unbalanced Panel Data Models

Unbalanced Panel Data Models Ubalacd Pal Data odls Chaptr 9 from Baltag: Ecoomtrc Aalyss of Pal Data 5 by Adrás alascs 4448 troducto balacd or complt pals: a pal data st whr data/obsrvatos ar avalabl for all crosssctoal uts th tr

More information

4. THE DENSITY MATRIX

4. THE DENSITY MATRIX 4. THE DENSTY MATRX The desy marx or desy operaor s a alerae represeao of he sae of a quaum sysem for whch we have prevously used he wavefuco. Alhough descrbg a quaum sysem wh he desy marx s equvale o

More information

The Variance-Covariance Matrix

The Variance-Covariance Matrix Th Varanc-Covaranc Marx Our bggs a so-ar has bn ng a lnar uncon o a s o daa by mnmzng h las squars drncs rom h o h daa wh mnsarch. Whn analyzng non-lnar daa you hav o us a program l Malab as many yps o

More information

A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W

A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W Volume 52 Fall 2000 Number 1 B E F O R E D I S A B I L I T Y C I V I L R I G HT S : C I V I L W A R P E N S I O N S A N D TH E P O L I T I C S O F D I S A B I L I T Y I N

More information

Computing OWA weights as relevance factors

Computing OWA weights as relevance factors Compug OWA wghs as rlvac facors Agl Caţaro Dparm of Elcrocs ad Compurs, TRANSILVANIA Uvrsy of Braşov, Romaa -mal: caaro@vgaubvro Răzva Ado Compur Scc Dparm, Cral Washgo Uvrsy, Ellsburg, USA -mal: ado@cwudu

More information

t=0 t>0: + vr - i dvc Continuation

t=0 t>0: + vr - i dvc Continuation hapr Ga Dlay and rcus onnuaon s rcu Equaon >: S S Ths dffrnal quaon, oghr wh h nal condon, fully spcfs bhaor of crcu afr swch closs Our n challng: larn how o sol such quaons TUE/EE 57 nwrk analys 4/5 NdM

More information

P a g e 5 1 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9

P a g e 5 1 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9 P a g e 5 1 of R e p o r t P B 4 / 0 9 J A R T a l s o c o n c l u d e d t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e i n t e n t o f N e l s o n s r e h a b i l i t a t i o n p l a n i s t o e n h a n c e c o n n e

More information

Final Exam : Solutions

Final Exam : Solutions Comp : Algorihm and Daa Srucur Final Exam : Soluion. Rcuriv Algorihm. (a) To bgin ind h mdian o {x, x,... x n }. Sinc vry numbr xcp on in h inrval [0, n] appar xacly onc in h li, w hav ha h mdian mu b

More information

Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur MSO202A/MSO202 Assignment 3 Solutions Introduction To Complex Analysis

Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur MSO202A/MSO202 Assignment 3 Solutions Introduction To Complex Analysis Dpartmt of Mathmatcs ad Statstcs Ida Isttut of Tchology Kapur MSOA/MSO Assgmt 3 Solutos Itroducto To omplx Aalyss Th problms markd (T) d a xplct dscusso th tutoral class. Othr problms ar for hacd practc..

More information

Ruin Probability in a Generalized Risk Process under Rates of Interest with Homogenous Markov Chain Claims

Ruin Probability in a Generalized Risk Process under Rates of Interest with Homogenous Markov Chain Claims ahmaca Ara, Vl 4, 4, 6, 6-63 Ru Prbably a Gralzd Rs Prcss udr Ras f Irs wh Hmgus arv Cha Clams Phug Duy Quag Dparm f ahmcs Frg Trad Uvrsy, 9- Chua Lag, Ha, V Nam Nguy Va Vu Tra Quc Tua Uvrsy Nguy Hg Nha

More information

Numerical Simulation for the 2-D Heat Equation with Derivative Boundary Conditions

Numerical Simulation for the 2-D Heat Equation with Derivative Boundary Conditions IOSR Joural of Applid Chmisr IOSR-JAC -ISSN: 78-576.Volum 9 Issu 8 Vr. I Aug. 6 PP 4-8 www.iosrjourals.org Numrical Simulaio for h - Ha Equaio wih rivaiv Boudar Codiios Ima. I. Gorial parm of Mahmaics

More information

Poisson Arrival Process

Poisson Arrival Process Poisso Arrival Procss Arrivals occur i) i a mmylss mar ii) [ o arrival durig Δ ] = λδ + ( Δ ) P o [ o arrival durig Δ ] = λδ + ( Δ ) P o P j arrivals durig Δ = o Δ f j = 2,3, o Δ whr lim =. Δ Δ C C 2 C

More information

Conventional Hot-Wire Anemometer

Conventional Hot-Wire Anemometer Convnonal Ho-Wr Anmomr cro Ho Wr Avanag much mallr prob z mm o µm br paal roluon array o h nor hghr rquncy rpon lowr co prormanc/co abrcaon roc I µm lghly op p layr 8µm havly boron op ch op layr abrcaon

More information

Poisson Arrival Process

Poisson Arrival Process 1 Poisso Arrival Procss Arrivals occur i) i a mmorylss mar ii) [ o arrival durig Δ ] = λδ + ( Δ ) P o [ o arrival durig Δ ] = 1 λδ + ( Δ ) P o P j arrivals durig Δ = o Δ for j = 2,3, ( ) o Δ whr lim =

More information

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX VARIABLES

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX VARIABLES COMPLEX NUMBERS AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX VARIABLES DEFINITION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER: A umbr of th form, whr = (, ad & ar ral umbrs s calld a compl umbr Th ral umbr, s calld ral part of whl s calld

More information

Reliability of time dependent stress-strength system for various distributions

Reliability of time dependent stress-strength system for various distributions IOS Joural of Mathmatcs (IOS-JM ISSN: 78-578. Volum 3, Issu 6 (Sp-Oct., PP -7 www.osrjourals.org lablty of tm dpdt strss-strgth systm for varous dstrbutos N.Swath, T.S.Uma Mahswar,, Dpartmt of Mathmatcs,

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Experiment and simulation with finite qudit. anharmonicity. (a), Experimental data taken after a 60 ns three-tone pulse.

Supplementary Figure 1. Experiment and simulation with finite qudit. anharmonicity. (a), Experimental data taken after a 60 ns three-tone pulse. Supplmnar Fgur. Eprmn and smulaon wh fn qud anharmonc. a, Eprmnal daa akn afr a 6 ns hr-on puls. b, Smulaon usng h amlonan. Supplmnar Fgur. Phagoran dnamcs n h m doman. a, Eprmnal daa. Th hr-on puls s

More information

CSE 245: Computer Aided Circuit Simulation and Verification

CSE 245: Computer Aided Circuit Simulation and Verification CSE 45: Compur Aidd Circui Simulaion and Vrificaion Fall 4, Sp 8 Lcur : Dynamic Linar Sysm Oulin Tim Domain Analysis Sa Equaions RLC Nwork Analysis by Taylor Expansion Impuls Rspons in im domain Frquncy

More information

Fractal diffusion retrospective problems

Fractal diffusion retrospective problems Iraoa ora o App Mahac croc a Copr Avac Tchoo a Scc ISSN: 47-8847-6799 wwwaccor/iamc Ora Rarch Papr Fraca o rropcv prob O Yaro Rcv 6 h Ocobr 3 Accp 4 h aar 4 Abrac: I h arc w h rropcv vr prob Th rropcv

More information

The Linear Regression Of Weighted Segments

The Linear Regression Of Weighted Segments The Lear Regresso Of Weghed Segmes George Dael Maeescu Absrac. We proposed a regresso model where he depede varable s made o up of pos bu segmes. Ths suao correspods o he markes hroughou he da are observed

More information

Numerical Method: Finite difference scheme

Numerical Method: Finite difference scheme Numrcal Mthod: Ft dffrc schm Taylor s srs f(x 3 f(x f '(x f ''(x f '''(x...(1! 3! f(x 3 f(x f '(x f ''(x f '''(x...(! 3! whr > 0 from (1, f(x f(x f '(x R Droppg R, f(x f(x f '(x Forward dffrcg O ( x from

More information

LECTURE 6 TRANSFORMATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES

LECTURE 6 TRANSFORMATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES LECTURE 6 TRANSFORMATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES TRANSFORMATION OF FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE UNIVARIATE TRANSFORMATIONS TRANSFORMATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES If s a rv wth cdf F th Y=g s also a rv. If w wrt

More information

Multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamics in the solar atmosphere

Multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamics in the solar atmosphere Mul-flud magohydrodyams h solar amoshr Tmuraz Zaqarashvl თეიმურაზ ზაქარაშვილი Sa Rsarh Isu of Ausra Aadmy of Ss Graz Ausra ISSI-orksho Parally ozd lasmas asrohyss 6 Jauary- Fbruary 04 ISSI-orksho Parally

More information

EMPIRICAL STUDY IN FINITE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT IN TWO PHASE ESTIMATION

EMPIRICAL STUDY IN FINITE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT IN TWO PHASE ESTIMATION MPIRIAL TDY I FIIT ORRLATIO OFFIIT I TWO PHA TIMATIO M. Khohva Lcurr Grffh vry chool of Accoug ad Fac Aurala. F. Kaymarm Aa Profor Maachu Iu of Tchology Dparm of Mchacal grg A; currly a harf vry Thra Ira.

More information

Let's revisit conditional probability, where the event M is expressed in terms of the random variable. P Ax x x = =

Let's revisit conditional probability, where the event M is expressed in terms of the random variable. P Ax x x = = L's rvs codol rol whr h v M s rssd rs o h rdo vrl. L { M } rrr v such h { M } Assu. { } { A M} { A { } } M < { } { } A u { } { } { A} { A} ( A) ( A) { A} A A { A } hs llows us o cosdr h cs wh M { } [ (

More information

High temperature thermal properties of alkali activated aluminosilicate materials

High temperature thermal properties of alkali activated aluminosilicate materials Hgh mpraur hrmal proprs of alkal acva alumoslca marals Luc Zua Ja oma 2 Pavla Rovaíková 3 Park Bayr 3 a Robr Črý Dparm of Srucural Mchacs Faculy of Cvl Egrg Czch chcal Uvrsy hákurova 7 66 29 Pragu 6 Czch

More information

On the Class of New Better than Used. of Life Distributions

On the Class of New Better than Used. of Life Distributions Appld Mahacal Sccs, Vol. 6, 22, o. 37, 689-687 O h Class of Nw Br ha Usd of Lf Dsrbos Zohd M. Nofal Dpar of Sascs Mahacs ad Israc Facl of Corc Bha Uvrs, Egp dr_zofal@hoal.co Absrac So w rsls abo NBU3 class

More information

Pupil / Class Record We can assume a word has been learned when it has been either tested or used correctly at least three times.

Pupil / Class Record We can assume a word has been learned when it has been either tested or used correctly at least three times. 2 Pupi / Css Rr W ssum wr hs b r wh i hs b ihr s r us rry s hr ims. Nm: D Bu: fr i bus brhr u firs hf hp hm s uh i iv iv my my mr muh m w ih w Tik r pp push pu sh shu sisr s sm h h hir hr hs im k w vry

More information

ε = R d ρ v ρ d ρ m CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY I O = ds dt e s ( 1 T )] (T ) = 611exp[ L R v = = P + R 1 ΔS s + R g R 2 T s I E s

ε = R d ρ v ρ d ρ m CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY I O = ds dt e s ( 1 T )] (T ) = 611exp[ L R v = = P + R 1 ΔS s + R g R 2 T s I E s CVE3 BSC HYDROOGY Hydrlgc Scc ad Egrg Cvl ad Evrmal Egrg Dparm Fr Clls, CO 853-37 Fall (97 49-76 Hydrlgc Budg Equas O ds d S ds d O d S ΔS s P + R R + R g E s s Saura vapr prssur s ( 6xp[ ( 73.5 ] ε.6

More information

Lecture 4: Laplace Transforms

Lecture 4: Laplace Transforms Lur 4: Lapla Transforms Lapla and rlad ransformaions an b usd o solv diffrnial quaion and o rdu priodi nois in signals and imags. Basially, hy onvr h drivaiv opraions ino mulipliaion, diffrnial quaions

More information