Operation. 8th Grade Math Vocabulary. Solving Equations. Expression Expression. Order of Operations

Transcription

1 8th Grade Math Vocabulary Operation A mathematical process. Solving s _ b sign SOLVING EQUATIONS Operation The rules of which calculation comes first in an epression. Parentheses Eponents "Please Ecuse My Dear Aunt Sally" 7 (6 5 3) 7 (6 5 3) 7 (150 3) 7 (147) 150 Order of Operations The rules of which calculation comes first in an epression. Parentheses, Eponents, or, or Please Ecuse My Dear Aunt Sally Epression Numbers, symbols and operations grouped together that show the value of something. Epression Numbers, symbols and operators (such as and ) grouped together that show the value of something. 3 1 An epression is one side of an equation. 3 6 Epressions DO NOT have equals signs. 7 3y 9b 0.5a Remember! 7 "7 times " "7 divided by " Epression Epressions 1

2 4 Algebraic Epression An epression that consists of one or more: numbers, variables, and operations. 3 y equals sign: A number that is on its own within an epression or equation / π A fied value. 7 3z Tricky! 3y These are not constants. These are coefficients! Algebraic Epression A fied value, a number on its own, whose value does not change. A constant may either be positive or negative. 4 constant 11m 7 constant 3y There is no constant. Coefficient A number multiplied by the variable. 4 coefficient 4 4 Coefficients are in front of the variable. Coefficient A symbol for a number that is unknown. A letter or symbol that represents a changeable or unknown value. any letter towards end of alphabet! y u z v 7 1 *Sometimes Greek! 4 variable 6?

3 Term A single number or variable, or a variable with a coefficient. Terms that have the same variable raised to the same power 4 1 term 4 y terms 4 y 1 3 terms 4 Like terms 4 y different variables 4 different powers Term Terms whose variables (and their eponents) are the same. 3 1/ / NOT LIKE TERMS! Two epressions that are equivalent to each other. Equivalence is shown with an equal sign. 48 equivalent epressions 4 3 equivalent epressions 3 no equivalence A mathematical statement, in symbols, where two things are eactly the same (or equivalent). Inverse Operations Operations that "undo" each other. They are opposites (where 3) 3y 11 (where y 3) (where z 3) (where 3) subtraction addition multiplication division 9 Squaring square roots Square roots squaring Inverse Operations 3

4 Inverse Operation The operation that the effect of another operation. _ y y Isolate the To move the variable to one side of the equation, and all of the numbers to the other side. Inverse operation y 1 Epression 1: Only the variable y 6 Epression : Everything else To isolate the variable, use inverse operations & properties of numbers. Inverse Operation Isolate the Solution A value you can put in place of a variable that would make the statement true. 4 9 Solution: 5 3y 6 Solution: y The answer to a math problem. Solution Set A set of values that can make a statement true. The #s in a solution set are written in curly brackets. { } y 16 y {4, 4} 3 < y < 7 y{4,5,6,7} Solution Solution Set Property Property If ab, then acbc for all real numbers a, b, and c. The same number can be added to each side of the equation without changing the solution of the equation. If ab, then a cb c for all real numbers a, b, and c. The same number can be subtracted from each side of the equation without changing the solution of the equation. a b c 4 a 4 b z z 0 a b c 4 a 4 b z z 13 Property Property 4

5 Property Property If ab, then acbc for all real numbers a, b, and c. Each side of an equation can be multiplied by the same number without changing the solution of the equation. If ab, and c0, then a/cb/c for all real numbers a, b, and c. Each side of an equation can be divided by the same nonzero number without changing the solution of the equation. a b c 4 a 4 b z 10 z 0 a b c 4 a 4 b /3 z 10 z 0 Property Property Distributive Property For all real numbers a, b, c, a(bc) ab ac and a(b c) ab ac. The distributive property in reverse. Factoring To find all numbers or variables that divide into all of the parts of an epression. a(b c) ab ac a(b c) ab ac 3( 4) (3)() (3)(4) ( 4) (3)() (3)(4) ( 4) 48 (3)() (3)(4) y 7( 5) y ( y) 13 8z cannot be factored (terms have nothing in common). PRIME Distributive Property Factoring Formula A special type of equation that shows the relationship between different variables. Numbers and symbols that show how to work something out. Distance distance rate time d r t Area of a circle Area π(radius) A πr Celsius to Fahrenheit C (F 3) 5 9 Formula 5