ENERGY Key Terms Chapter 5 Pages M144-M169

Transcription

1 Name: Period: ENERGY Key Terms Chapter 5 Pages M144-M169 Write down the definition of each word in the space provided 1. energy 2. kinetic energy 3. potential energy 4. gravitational potential energy 5. elastic potential energy 6. mechanical energy 7. thermal energy 8. electrical energy 9. chemical energy 10. nuclear energy 11. electromagnetic energy 12. energy transformation 13. Law of Conservation of 14. fossil fuel

2 Name _ Date _ Class _ Nrune _ Date _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study (~ What Is Ene;'gy? p. m l~'" - (YI ISO This section explains how work, power, and ei1ergy are related. It also identifies the two basic kinds of energjj. Use Target Reading Skills Preview the figure and headings in the section before you read. Record what you already know il1 the graphic organizer. After you have completed the section, write several things you have learned about energy ill the graphic organizer. Guided Reading and Study What Is ). (continued) Kinetic 4. What are the two general kinds of energy? a. b. 5. What is kinetic energy? 6. The kinetic energy of an object depends on both its andits _ 1',- ".~ What You Know 7. Kinetic energy increases as velocity _ 8. What formula do you use to calculate kinetic energy?» 9. Because velocity is squared in the kinetic energy equation, doubling an object's velocity will its kinetic energy. i(i~ Potential 10. What is potential energy?,y 1/ 11. What is the potential energy called that is associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed? 12. What is potential energy called that depends on height?, Work, and Power 1. The ability to do work or cause change is called 2. Why can work be thought of as the transfer of energy? 13. What is the formula you use to determine the gravitational potential energy of an object? 14. Is.the following sentence true or false? The greater the height of an object, the ~eater its gravitational potential energy.,;~.. \. ~ 3. What is power? Pemson Eduwnon, hr., publishing 01 Pearson Prentice Hall. ~I rights reselved. 303 POOOOlEdurotion, IlK., publishing 01 Pool500 Prennce Hall. All rights resened, 304 tl:;' ;:'j t.'.: :~i,.~,~ :~..<It 'i".! ~.>~ '.)i 't~

3 l\!anle Date _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study if1\,\,. Forms of Use Target Reading Skills p. I'l1 I 'S"" J - r1j S~ After you read this section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have leamed to write a defillitioll a each Key ~m il1lfour own words. Be sure YOllr definition could be use to explain the term to someone who has not read the section. mechanical energy _ thermal energy Name Date' _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study Forms of (continued) Other Forms of 4. Is the following sentence true or false? When the particles of an object move faster, its thermal energy increases ' _ 5. What kind of energy do you experience when you get a shock from a metal doorknob? 6. What kind of energy is stored in the bonds in compounds of the good you eat? 7. What kind of energy is stored inthe nucleus of an atom?» C'> 8. Complete the table below on the different forms of energy electrical energy _ ( ((I chelllicalenergy _ Form of Mechanical Different Forms of Examples.r.,.. electromagnetic energy _ Thermal en._~rgy Chemical energy nuclearenergy Electrical energy Mechanical Nuclear energy I 1. What two forms of energy are associated with mechanical energy? Electromagnetic energy 2. How would you calculate an object's mechanical energy? I L 3. What 51 unit is used to measure mechanical energy? Pemson Educonon, lnc, publilhing 01 Pearson Prennce Hall. All righ~ reselved. 309 PoolSOn Eduronon, In(., pu~ishing os Poorson Prentice Hall. All rights reselved. 310

4 ~ame Date _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study Transformations and Conservation This section explains how different fonns of energy are related and describes the law of conservation of energy. Use Target Reading Skills p. m,~-s- rnllo3 Before you read, preview the red headings for an overview of the section content. Ask a what or a how question for each heading. As you read the material under each heading, find the answer to your question and record it in the graphic organizer. () (a ~ame _ Date _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study Transformations Between Potential and Kinetic 4. When you throw an orange up into the air, what kind of energy increases as its height increases? _ 5. As an orange falls from its greatest height, what kind of energy increases and what kind of energy decreases? Question Transformations Answer 6. On the diagram of a moving pendulum, label the places where the pendulum has maximum potential energy and where it has maximum kinetic energy. ;"1 (I. ~ ~ Transformations 1. A change from one form of energy to another is called a(n) 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms. 3. Describe the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy in your body_ Conservation of 7. What does the law of conservation of energy state? Peorson Educotion, I,c., publishing as Peorsan Prentice Holi. Allrights reserved. 318 llai\., _; I:; Pearson EdU(atian, Inc., publishing us Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 319

5 Nrume. Guided Reading and Study Transformations and Conservation (continued) Date Class _ 8. Friction converts mechanical energy to _ energy. 9. Circle the letter of the sentence that explains why no machine is 100 percent efficient. a. Electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy by fuel. b. Mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy by friction. c. Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy by friction. d. Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy by a spark. 10. How did Albert Einstein's theory of relativity change the law of conservation of energy? (),==>---- II.. II! Nrume Review and Reinforce Transformations and Conservation Unders",nding Main Ideas e Date ~ Class _ 11. Is the following sentence true or false? Matter can sometimes be convertedtoenergy. ~ Study the illustration aboveand then read thefollowing statements. If the statement is true, write true, If it isfalse, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true,. 1. An energy transformation is occurring ~ " >, e. ~, 2. In this example, the law of conservation of energy says that the ball neyer loses kinetic ~,. 3. As the ball rises from point 1 to point 3, it ~ Jimm. --:- 4. The ball has the most potential energy at~. S. The ball has the most kinetic energy at~. Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of thefollawing terms on the lines below. 6. energy transformation 7. law of conservation of energy 1,," ~.~ 8. matter Penson fduco~on, Inc., publishing us Peerson Pren~" Holi. Allngh" ""N,d. 320 Pemson Edurolion, Inc., publishing os Pewson Pren1i<e HoIl. All nghls reserved. 321

6 Name Date _ Class Review and Reinforce Qt9Q. d C hqpi 'f v- ~- Se ci- t 8lf\- L/ and Fossil Fuels p. (YJ iu. - m I ~q Understanding Main Ideas ~ ~@ Your home Study paper. the illustration above, and then answer the questions on a separate piece of 1. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at point A. 2. What type of energy is converted into chemical energy by ancient plants and animals at point B? 3. The coal at point C is an example of what type of fuel? Give another example of this type of fuel. 4. How is the stored chemical energy converted into thermal energy at point D? 5. What type of energy does the steam in the power plant at point E have? What type of energy do the turbines have when they turn? 6. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at the generators at point F. 7. Give an example of how electrical energy can be converted to another form of energy in your home. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

7 Name _ Date _ Class _ Key Terms (~ KeyTerms Complete the following paragraphs using the list of words and phrases below. Each word or phrase is used only once. Word Bank law of conservation of energy nuclear energy kinetic energy thermal energy fossil fuels electromagnetic energy energy transformation electrical energy power energy mechanical energy potential energy chemical energy In nature, things are constantly changing, and the identification of what causes changes is important in physical science. The ability to do work or cause change is called. There are two general kinds of energy. The energy of 1 motion is called. that is stored and held in readiness is called 2 3 There are different forms of the two general kinds of energy. The energy associated with the motion or position of an object is called. The total 4 energy of the particles of an object is called. The potential 5 energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together is called. The energy that moving electric charges carry is called 6. Visible light and other waves of energy are forms of 7. The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is 8 9 Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms. A change from one form of energy to another is called. Such changes from one form of energy to another 10 do not mean any energy is lost. The _ states that when one form of energy is converted 11 to another, no energy is destroyed in the process. A fuel is a material that stores chemical potential energy. For many purposes, we use, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The energy 12 conversions in modern coal-fired power plants result in the electricity you use for home electrical devices. You use these devices to do work. The rate at which work is done, or the amount of work done in a unit of time, is called _ 13 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 333

8 Forms of A. E. 1. Label the forms of energy on lines A-F above. 2. What are two sources of electrical energy? _ 3. Where is energy from food used? _ ] 4. Write the word or words that will make each sentence a true statement. a. Living things cannot survive without _ b. energy is produced by moving objects or substances. c. Nuclear _ reactions can be controlled and used to produce to turn turbines. d. Our bodies use in food for energy. e. energy is necessary for all life on our planet. 5. Name one use for each form of energy pictured. a. form A _ d. form D _ b. form B _ e. form E., - c. form C _ f. form F _ 12a Milliken Publishing Company Machines and Work