Probing the TeV scale and beyond with EDMs

Transcription

1 Probing the TeV scale and beyond with EDMs Junji Hisano (Nagoya Univ./IPMU) 4th KIAS Workshop on parkcle physics and cosmology 5 th floor conference hall, KIAS From Oct 27 to 31, 2014

2 Contents IntroducKon Experimental and theorekcal status of EDMs SensiKviKes of EDMs to BSM Summary

3 Big issues in parkcle physics now 1. Is the discovered Higgs parkcle the SM one? 2. Where is BSM? TeV scale or higher energy scale? 3

4 Tools to probe new physics Direct search for TeV-scale physics LHC ILC High statistical experiment High precise theoretical prediction, sometimes related to symmetry breaking. Atrophysics Underground exp. Cosmology 4

5 EDMs Magnetic and electric dipole moments (MDM and EDM) with spin S H = µ B S d E S S S Under time(t) and space(p) reflections, EDM is T, P-odd. P : E E, B +B, S +S T : E +E, B B, S S EDMs are sensitive to CP violation under CPT inv. EDMs are good probes to CP violation in particle physics models. 5

6 EDMs sensitive to TeV-scale and beyond Upper bounds on electron and neutron EDMs: d e < e cm d n < e cm (ACME, 13) (Baker et al, 06) Dim. analysis for EDM assuming source d e e m of CPV is FC: 2 e 1TeV M 2 = ecm M d d e m d M 2 =10 22 ecm 1TeV 2 M (Renormalizable models give extra suppressions to EDMs by loop factors (~O(10 -(2-4) )). ) EDM measurements would be important even if LHC finds new physics. 6

7 Searches for symmetry breaking Global symmetries in SM are not exact in nature. CP violation (CKM in the SM) EDMs Lepton-flavor violation (neutrino oscillation) Charged lepton flavor-violating decay Lepton and/or baryon number violation (Baryon asymmetry in the universe) 0νββdecay Proton decay 7

8 Searches for symmetry breaking SensiKviKes of current experimental bounds on new physics scale (Λ). Only one loop factors are included for the loop processes. Small symmetry breaking parameters suppress the sensikvikes. n- EDM (loop) e- EDM (loop) μ e γ (loop) EDMs and muon LFV are important to probe new physics at and beyond TeV scale μ e conversion (tree) Proton decay (tree) Λ (GeV)

9 CP phases are naturally O(1)? CKM PMNS

10 Neutral parkcle EDMs: EDM measurements Schiff s theorem: EDM for neutral syst. which composes of non- rel. point parkcles is zero. paramagnekc atoms (Tl, Fr..) /molecules (YbF, ThO, PbO..) SensiKve to electron EDM. d e < (YbF,2012) e cm (ThO,2013) Future prospects: d e ~10-30 e cm diamagnekc atoms (SensiKve to T, P- odd nuclear force) d Hg < e cm, d Xe < e cm neutron d n < e cm UCN experiments aim to d n ~10 - (27-28) e cm. 10

11 (Flavor-conserving) CP-violating interactions at parton level up to D=6 QCD theta term Quark and lepton EDMs Quark CEDMs Weinberg op. 4-Fermi Wilson coefficients for CP- violakng operators depend on CP phases in parkcle physics models. 11

12 (Flavor-conserving) CP-violating interactions at parton level QCD theta EDM CEDM Strong- CP problem: d n e 10 (16 17) ecm Weinberg op 4-Fermi The most promising solukon is Peccei- Quinn mechanism. = S 0 (S :axion) Though, the effeckve theta is generated if there is CP violakon in QCD, since the tad pole term for S is generated. (Bigi&Uraltsev) For example, e. = m 2 0/2 q d c q/m q (m 2 0 =0.8GeV 2 ) Other proposal: spontaneous CPV, vanishing quark mass. 12

13 Energy TeV Evaluation of EDMs fundamental CP odd phases QCD Leptonic EDM d e,d µ d e Four-fermi operators C,C qe qq θ CP violation in QCD ~,d q, d q, w nuclear C S,P,T g π NN neutron EDM EDMs of nuclei and ions (deuteron, etc) atomic EDMs of paramagnetic molecules (YbF,PbO,HfF + ) atoms in traps (Rb,Cs) EDMs of diamagnetic atoms (Hg,Xe, Ra, Rn) ( From the report of the Flavour in the era of the LHC Workshop, 88 ) 13

14 Energy TeV Evaluation of EDMs fundamental CP odd phases QCD nuclear atomic Leptonic EDM d e,d µ d e C S,P,T EDMs of paramagnetic molecules (YbF,PbO,HfF + ) atoms in traps (Rb,Cs) EDMs for paramagnekc CP atoms/molecules violation in QCD sensikve to electron EDM Four-Fermi operators C,C qe qq g πenhancement NN neutron factor EDM EDMs of nuclei and ions (deuteron, etc) EDMs of diamagnetic atoms (Hg,Xe, Ra, Rn) θ ~ q,d q, d, w For high Z atoms, an enhance factor for internal E field is ~ α 2 Z 3. Polar molecules, such as ThO and YbF, have larger enhancement factors. 4F operators (eeqq) also contribute to them. ( From the report of the Flavour in the era of the LHC Workshop, 88 ) 14

15 Energy TeV Evaluation of EDMs fundamental CP odd phases (developed by Pospelov and Ritz) Leptonic EDM d n = (1.4( Four-Fermi operators QCD d e,d d 0.25d u + d d )+1.1e(0.5d c u + d c d)) e µ (Pospelov and Ritz) θ C qe,c qq d n = ( 0.2d u +0.8d d + e(0.3d c u +0.6d c d)) Enhancement factor (JH, Lee, Nagata, Shimizu, nuclear C and also JH, Nagata, Fuyuto) g atomic Neutron EDM QCD sum rules evaluakon S,P,T EDMs of paramagnetic molecules (YbF,PbO,HfF + ) atoms in traps (Rb,Cs) π NN Here, those results are under Peccei- Quinn mechanism for strong CP problem. We used laxce outputs for LOCs. We skll have factor 2 uncertainkes. EDMs of nuclei and ions (deuteron, etc) EDMs of diamagnetic atoms (Hg,Xe, Ra, Rn) CP violation in QCD ~ c q,d q, d, w neutron EDM ( From the report of the Flavour in the era of the LHC Workshop, 88 ) 15

16 Steps to diamagnekc atoms 1. CP- odd Energy πnn coupling QCD sum rules evaluakon has TeV O(1) uncertainkes. nuclear Evaluation of EDMs fundamental CP odd phases 2. (T,P- odd) nuclear Schiff moment O(1) uncertainkes. Leptonic EDM Enhancement factor 3. Atomic QCD EDM d e (almost,d d e µ converged) Roughly speaking, d Hg ~10-3 d c q (q=u,d) Then, the constraints C on CEDMs S,P,T are comparable to neutron EDM. Four-Fermi operators C,C qe qq g π NN EDMs of nuclei and ions (deuteron, etc) θ CP violation in QCD ~ c q,d q, d, w neutron EDM atomic EDMs of paramagnetic molecules (YbF,PbO,HfF + ) atoms in traps (Rb,Cs) EDMs of diamagnetic atoms (Hg,Xe, Ra, Rn) ( From the report of the Flavour in the era of the LHC Workshop, 88 ) 16

17 Charged parkcles in storage rings (new methods): Strong mokonal E field for relakviskc parkcles in B field. Measure of Klt of spin precession plane in E field. proton/deuteron prospects: d p ~10-29 ecm, d D ~10-29 ecm. Anatomic study of hadronic EDMs would be possible. muon New type of EDM measurements d D =(d p +d n )+d D NNπ Prospects:d µ ~10-21 ecm (ulkmate case, ecm) flavor- blind case: d µ =(m µ /m e )d e < ecm Larger value might be possible in flavor- violakng cases. 17

18 SM predickon In the SM, origin of CP violakon is a phase in Kobayashi- Maskawa matrix (except for QCD theta term). CPV obs. are prpto to Jarlskog (rephasing) invariant: J CP =ImV cs V us V cd V ud 10 5 Quark EDMs d d ~ e cm (3loops at O(G F 2 α s ) ) Neutron EDM d n ~ 10 - (31-32) e cm (long- distance effect at O(G F2 )) Electron EDM d e ~10-40 e cm (4loops O(G F 3 α s )) Discovery of non- zero EDM means beyond the SM. 18

19 EDMs from BSM Assuming maximal CP phases, one- loop diagrams for (C) EDMs give strong constraint to new- physics above the TeV scale, and even two- loop diagrams can also constrain new physics around TeV scale. 19

20 CP phases in the supersymmetric standard model SUSY breaking terms: Gaugino mass terms Higgsino mass term M a a a (a =1, 2, 3) µ H u Hd Sfermion/Higgs mass terms (m 2 f ) ij f f i j ( f = q L, ũ R, d R, l L, ẽ R, i, j =1, 2, 3) Higgs mixing mass term (B term) Bµ H u H d Trilinear coupling(a terms) (m f A f ) ij fli fri (f = u, d, e) 20

21 CP phases in the supersymmetric standard model SUSY breaking terms: Gaugino mass terms Higgsino mass term M a a a (a =1, 2, 3) µ H u Hd Sfermion/Higgs mass terms (m 2 f ) ij f f i j ( f = q L, ũ R, d R, l L, ẽ R, i, j =1, 2, 3) Higgs mixing mass term (B term) Bµ H u H d Le - right mixing mass (A terms) (m f A f ) ij fli fri (f = u, d, e) F term SUSY breaking parameters are generically complex. 21

22 CP phases in the supersymmetric standard model SUSY breaking terms: Gaugino mass terms Higgsino mass term M a a a (a =1, 2, 3) µ H u Hd Sfermion/Higgs mass terms (m 2 f ) ij f f i j ( f = q L, ũ R, d R, l L, ẽ R, i, j =1, 2, 3) Higgs mixing mass term (B term) Bµ H u H d Le - right mixing mass (A terms) (m f A f ) ij fli fri (f = u, d, e) Off- diagonal terms in sfermion mass matrices are generically complex. 22

23 EDMs in supersymmetric standard model In cmssm, A and B parameters may have phases even a er removing phases in gaugino and Higgsino masses, and they contribute to (C)EDMs at one- loop level. Assuming maximal CP violakon and degenerate mass spectrum for SUSY parkcles, the mu term phase contribukons are d e /e cm M SUSY 1TeV d d /e d c d cm M SUSY 1TeV 2 tan 2 tan 23

24 EDMs in Supersymmetric standard model A simplified model Degenerate mass spectrum maximal CP phase. 1<tanβ<50 Neutron EDM d e /e cm M SUSY bound 1TeV 2 tan d d /e d c d cm M SUSY 1TeV Electron EDM bound 2 tan 24

25 EDMs in supersymmetric standard model d d /e, d c d / M g(µ tan A d ) M 2 s d e /e / M B(µ tan A d ) M 2 ẽ Light gauginos and/or Higgsino suppress EDMs, while it seems difficult to have SUSY SM below TeVs if CP phases are maximal. 25

26 Flavor- violakon and EDM in SUSY SM (1) In SUSY SM, new flavor violakons are introduced in squark and slepton mass matrices. When both le - and right- handed squark mass matrices have off- diagonal (flavor- violakng) terms, the relakve phase contributes to EDM d c d cm m SUSY 500GeV 2 ( LL d ) 13 ( RR d ) tan 26

27 High- scale SUSY with generic flavor violakon In High- scale SUSY/miniSplit- SUSY model, sfermion masses are O(100)TeV while gaugino masses are around TeV. tanβ~1. Those suppresses EDMs. Even in the case, neutron EDM may be accessible to the model if generic flavor violakon is assumed u ũ R t R m t g t L ũ L Similar recent works: McKeen, Pospelov, and Ritz Moroi and Nagai Altmannshofer, Harnik, Zupan u neutron EDM [e cm] tan =3 M g ~ = 3TeV M S [TeV] (Fuyuto, JH, Nagata, Tsumura. Anomalous dimension for CPV operators are evaluated in this paper.) 27

28 Flavor- violakon and EDM in SUSY SM (2) Even when only right- handed squarks have mixing, anomalous flavor- changing charged Higgs interackon, induced by due to non- holomorphic correckon, generates (C)EDMs. CKM Even if SUSY parkcles are much heavier than the weak scale, the charged Higgs may generate sizable EDM. 28 (JH, Nagai, Paradisi)

29 Higgs studies with EDMs The discovered Higgs boson is the SM one? 1, Higgs couplings to fermions and bosons are proporkonal to their masses? 2, Higgs boson is only one? 3, Higgs boson is CP even? 4, Higgs boson interackon is flavor- conserving? 5, Higgs boson has new parkcles? EDM measurements give hints for some of these queskons. 29

30 Higgs- mediated Barr- Zee diagrams t, b, τ new parkcles new parkcles W Higgs Higgs Higgs When Higgs boson has CP- violakng coupling with SM parkcles or new parkcles in BSM, the Barr- Zee diagrams at two- loop level generate (C)EDMs for quarks and leptons.

31 Higgs- mediated Barr- Zee diagrams t, b, τ new parkcles new parkcles W Higgs Higgs Higgs When Higgs boson has CP- violakng coupling with SM parkcles or new parkcles in BSM, the Barr- Zee diagrams at two- loop level generate (C)EDMs for quarks and leptons. New (charged) fermions coupled to (discovered) Higgs boson may contribute to both Higgs decay to 2 gammas and also EDMs. γ γ Higgs γ Higgs γ 31

32 New physics contribukon to EDM and h γγ SU(2) mukplet fermions (ψ), whose neutral component is the DM candidate, may have coupling with Higgs boson, SU(2) triplet (Y=0) (M=400GeV) (JH, Kobayashi, Mori, Senaha) CP violakng coupling Blue lines: SI Cross seckon For DM direct DetecKon Red lines: Signal strength for h γγ Gaugino- Higgsino system studied by Giudice and Romanino. Recent similar works: Fan and Reece. McKeen, Pospelov and Ritz... 32

33 Two- Higgs doublet models Two- Higgs doublet models have CP phase in the potenkal, and Barr- Zee diagrams generate (C)EDMs. In Two- Higgs doublet models Z 2 symmetry is introduced to suppress FCNC processes. Scalar potenkal in so ly broken Z 2 symmetry has one CP phase. 33

34 Two- Higgs doublet models In Two- Higgs doublet models Z 2 symmetry is introduced to suppress FCNC processes. The 4 types of assignments are posiible In typical cases, Yukawa coupling constants of H1 are larger than the SM ones, since H 2 >> H 1 is expected. In the case, we may discriminate models with correlakon among EDMs. 34

35 tanβ Neutron EDM in Two- Higgs doublet models nedm Type I M H + (a) [GeV] nedm Type X tanβ nedm Type II M H + (b) [GeV] nedm Type Y Neutron EDM comes from CEDMs. For large tanβ, nedm is suppressed in type I and X while it has the moderate dependence in type II and Y. Red region is excluded. tanβ tanβ (Abe, JH, Kitahara, Tobioka) M H + [GeV] M H + [GeV] 35

36 Electron EDM in Two- Higgs doublet models tanβ tanβ eedm Type I M H + (a) [GeV] eedm Type X tanβ tanβ eedm Type II M H (b) [GeV] eedm Type Y For large tanβ, nedm is suppressed in type I and Y while it has the moderate dependence in type II and X. Accidental cancellakon appears in type II and X due to tau/bo om loops. Red region is excluded though we need to take care for large tanβ region. (4F contribukon is not negligible in molecular EDM). (Abe, JH, Kitahara, Tobioka) M [GeV] H M H + [GeV] 36

37 Summary EDMs are sensikve to CP violakon in new physics at and beyond TeV scale. The measurements are complimentary to the energy- fronker physics, such as LHC. Due to current null results in new physics searches at LHC, importance of the EDM measurements is increasing. Measurements of various parkcles are important to probe different CP violakng terms. Higgs boson properkes can be constrained with EDMs induced by Barr- Zee two- loop diagrams. EvaluaKon of hadronic EDMs has large uncertainkes, and more efforts are needed to reduce them. 37