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1 co~ FTD-HT FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISION TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF THE VISCOSITY OF METALS by M. P. Bogdanovich and B. A Baum ~NATION'AL Approved for public release; IR AT,-, ON TECHNICAL1 distribution unlimited. INFORMATION SERVICE.. 1, I,....

2 UNCLASS IFIED DOCtUNT CWNMOL DATA - I & D (8--wtv c1ouodi1odo I of ff*. 606 If ie *owd - m * A o " to etaofd S- OGIA 1AN& &TIVITY C ue**" ftvinom M) cuiy mr PITI.LASIFICATION Foreign Technology Division Air Force Systems Command i' ~ ~ 10 WS POPtT TIT1.K U. S. Air Force.. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF THE VISCOSITY OF METALS UNCLASSIFIED OIL.01"11 4. SC'RgFT'V6 "*TEO flt'ps 01011u"! &W hmoo dwo.) Translation S. AUINONSSI (Pleet RiHW. inmme hmiuu oe ot~ Bogdanovich, M. P. and Baum, B. A,,. RaPOSY DAT. ToTAL NO. OF PA6s. NO. of Rare k 100 C0. CONTRACT ON l T NO.' '0& ONISOATWSN fikpont NUMNCISIli * b, PlROJEC? Nee. *. DIA Task No. T J O1IfNBUSON STATEMESNT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. IS. SUPPLEMtNIANY NOTES 1&. $19,1N1114S MITANTy ACTIVITY Foreign Technology Division -s I Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio For pure metals three types of given dependences are observed: 1) the polytherm has its convex side facing the abscissa, which is probably explained by the weakening of bonds during the thermal expansion of a fluid; 2) the curve has its concave side to the abscissa, the activation energy increases with a rise in temperature, which can be caused by atr increase in the coordination number, the integral bond energy increases, regardless of the possible weakening of a single bond, this can als6 take place in the case of intensive metallization of primarily covalent bonds; 3) the given linear dependence, the invariability of E with a rise in temperature is probably explained by the compensating effect of several factors., ORNMLASS eo -

3 UNCLASSIFIED, J, LIN4K A -LINKS LINK C - NOWR l[ T N OL WT R01.L WT Liquid Metal Temperature Dependence Gallium Copper Iron Nickel Cobalt Lithium Silicon Zinc Cadmium UNCLASSIF IED S-criy- C I a tic Atiaon

4 FtD-HT- 23-o99-71 EDITED TRANSLATION TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES MTALS OF THE VISCOSITY OF by: 14. P. bogdanovich, and B. A. Baum English pages: 4 Source: Ural'skiy Politekhnicheskiy Institut. Trudy, (Ural Politechnical Institute, Transactions), No , pp Translated by H. Peck UR/ O o-68-ooo-167 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. THIS TRANSLATION IS A RENDITION OP THE Oi@I. MAL POREION TEXT ITHOUT ANY ANALYTICAL OR EITORIAL COME NT. STATEIMENTS OR THEORIES PREPARED BM ADVOCATEDGR IMLIED ARE THOSE OP TE SOURCE ANDO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE POSITION TRANSLATION DIVIUN O OPINION OF THE FORltlON TECNNOLOY 1. POREIGN TECHNOLOOY DIVM" W lc. IP.AFS, OHIO. FTD- HT_ Dato19

5 U. S. BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM Block Italic Transliteration Block Italic Transliteration A a A a A,.a p p Pp R, r B 6 S 6 B, b C c C c S, s B Be V, v T T T m T, t r r r G, g Y y Y y U, u A A ) D, d F, f E 0 Ec Ye, ye; E, e* X x X x Kh, kh )K * XR X Zh, zh LI U U Y Ts,*ts 3 s 3 3 Z, z 4 4 q * V Ch, ch K 4u I, i W 1 11w Sh, sh R a Y, y LUm at LU KX K i K, k 1 S 1b 1 JY )7 L, 1. bl U& Y, y M M M M, m b b b H H H N, n. a.9 E, e Shch, shch Oo 0 O, o IO0 IO Yu, yu 117 n, P, p A R 8 Ya, ya Sye initially, after vowels, and after b, b; e elsewhere. When written as 1 in Russian, transliterate as yp or!. The use of diacritical marks is preferred, but such marks may be omitted when expediency dictates.

6 FOLLOdING AR TE CMRESPONDING RUSSIAN AND Z!GLISH DESIATIC4S O THE TRIGONOTIC FUNCTIONS Russian sin Cos tg ctg se English sin Cos tan cot see sh ainh oh cosh th tanh cth coth sch sech cach csch arc sin sin-' are Cob co 1 arc tg tan 1 are ctg co arc sea sec- 1 arc oco5l are sh ir arc ch cosh- 1 arc th tanh- 1 arc eth coth-1 arc sch xech'l are each CSCh'l rot lg curl log FTD-HT ii

7 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUID METALS M. P. Bogdanovich and B. A. Baum The activation energy of viscous flow E with a temperature invariability of the flow units is defined by the expression [l. E R d (dgv) where v is the coefficient of kinematic viscosity., observed: For pure metals three types of dependences of lg v on T -1 are 1. The polytherin has its convex side facing the abscissa, which io probably explained by the weakening of bonds during the thermal expansion of a fluid, 2. The curve has its concave side to the abscissa. The activation energy increases with a rise in temperature, which can be caused by an increase in the coordination number. The integral bond energy increases, regardless of the possible weakening of a single bond. This can also take place in the case of intensive metallization of primarily covalent bonds. 3. The linear dependence of lg v on T 1. The invariability of FTD-HT

8 E with a rise in temperature is probably explained by the compensating effect of several factors. A combination of the above dependences is also possible. The first type is characteristic for Cu, Ag, and to a certain extent for Cr, Fe, Co, Ni (for example, [1,?], and the second is characteristic for Li, Na, K, Si [l, 3], while the third is characteristic for Zn, Cd, fig, Pb, Sn, Bi [3, 4]. bor alkaline metals Li, Na, K (see the figure) the experimental shape of the temperature dependence of v is explained by an increase in the coordination number, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray structural analysis [3, 5]. The heating of liquid silicon is obviously accompanied not only by an increase in the coordination number but also by the decay of complexes with permanent bo, ds and the metallization of the bonds that occurs in connection with this [i]. In this case the dimensions of the flow units are changed, and the value of E calculated from equation (1) does not reflect the true energy value of the interparticle interaction in the melt. The constancy of E in such metals as Pb and Zn cannot be explained only by an increase in the coordination number, because in the liquid state it is also quite high at Trnn' We can assume that in these metals the magnitude of the charge of the ions participating in the viscous flow increases, the dimensions of the ions decrease, and their mobility increases. This concept is confirmed to a certain extent by data on the temperature coefficient of electrical rcsistance 0 = dp/dt. Thus, for Zn, Cd, Hg, In, Pb, Sn and BI, a in the liquid state (0 ) is less than in the solid state (0 B) [6, 7]. At the same time, in Na, K, Cu, and Ag [8, 9] B M > B' It is interesting to note that the temperature dependence of the viscosity of liquid gallium [10] is of a more complex (mixed) nature (see the figure). Up to 230'C it is linear. This, as in the preceding case, can be explained by the metallization of the bonds and by a certain increase in the coordination number. At temperatures of 230 and C there are observed bends corresponding to the transfer to FTD-HT

9 the second type of dependence. Since the existence of groupings with primarily covalent bonds [5] is not excluded in gallium, we can assume that they are most intensely destroyed here. 0,6 44 / // ! 7 2 Dependence of lg (v10 m /s)on l/t for certain liquid metals. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. B.A. Bayut, rlb.b. rea,, 11. B. KoepoB. H3e. AH CCCP, "MeTaal., 1967, MN& 1, A. A. B e p T m a, A. M. C a t a p H H AH CCCP, OTH, MeTaA.,aypran H TOrImHo, 1960, k 4, C. C. KyTaTefiaA3e, B. M. Bopua&HcKHxA, 14. H. KOSBKOB, 0. C. 0 e AU HC KH A. X{(nAKOMeTaj=rzqecKHe ienfaohocitejw. M., ATOMHMaT, E. ri. UWB HA x o eckxhaf. Hexo~opme Donpoch: BRSxocTm pacnaefliux UexaA ob. M., rocteopethat, 1955, 5. B. K. P p i r o p o 8 H q, 'lep~ohaneckst' 3aKoH Memaezteeaa x 9AeKTjHoe crpoerne JretanaA. M., H3A-BO thayiai, Takeuty Sakae, Endo Hyrohysa. 4. Japan' Inst Metals*, 1962, 26,.O 8, 498. FTD-HT

10 7. P. n1. 10 ptiakx, J1. f. *n )H n no 1. TenII4H3IKa BbICOKHX rewlepa. p,1964, 2, A 5, A. H. Conoio e. X*( npuktl. MexaNBKH H 'Je2H. 431tHK, 1963, 9. B. E. Cex5IRHHn, A. -H. Coaosbea X( npimkj. wtexatmkhtrex. *33WKN, A 2, 176k 10. KC. E. SpelIls. tproc. Phys. Soc.a, 1936, 48, 299. FTD-HT

AO-A FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY.DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB 0ON F/G 13/7 MEMORY DEVICE U) MAR A2 N A PASHKIN, V N MALYUTIN UNCLASSIFIED FTD-ID(RS)T 0163

AO-A FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY.DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB 0ON F/G 13/7 MEMORY DEVICE U) MAR A2 N A PASHKIN, V N MALYUTIN UNCLASSIFIED FTD-ID(RS)T 0163 AO-A112 161 FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY.DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB 0ON F/G 13/7 MEMORY DEVICE U) MAR A2 N A PASHKIN, V N MALYUTIN UNCLASSIFIED FTD-ID(RS)T 0163 82 NL MEEEEM Hfl~ 1.02 0 IIII18 111111.25 RE I TfSTjlR