VALIDATION OF A TRNSYS SIMULATION MODEL FOR PCM ENERGY STORAGES AND PCM WALL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS
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1 VALIDATION OF A TRNSYS SIMULATION MODEL FOR PCM ENERGY STORAGES AND PCM WALL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS H. Schranzhofer, P. Puschnig, A. Heinz, and Wolfgang Streicher, w.streicher@tugraz.at, internet:
2 Outline 1) PCM storage model for TRNSYS a) Theoretical approach b) Model validation - PCM slurry storage (IWT measurement data) - Cylindrical PCM modules (IWT measurement data) - with paraffin - with sodium acedat - with sodium acedat + graphite c) Conclusion and outlook 2) PCM wall model for TRNSYS a) Theoretical approach b) Results for a test case
3 Phase Change Materials (PCM) 500 water paraffin (Sasol 6805) SA SA+graphite H - H 50 C [kj / liter] ΔH = 396 [kj/liter] ΔH = 229 [kj/liter] ΔH = 183 [kj/liter] ΔH = 84 [kj/liter] -100 ΔT = 20 [ C] temperature [ C]
4 Type 240: PCM storage model One-dimensional multi-node model for fluid Enthalpy approach (continuous material properties) 5 direct in- / outlets and/or 5 internal heat exchangers PCM modules - Cylindrical rods: 2D-heat conduction - Packed sphere beds: 1D-heat conduction - PCM plates: 2D-heat conduction PCM Slurry as storage / transfer medium Type implemented into Trnsys 16 i = N h, T i i m i i = 2 i =1 PCM UA i m, h, T PCM PCM PCM ik ik ik k = 1 k = n r
5 PCM Slurry enhancement of storage capacity Speicherkapazität (relativ zu Wasser) 1,80 1,70 1,60 1,50 1,40 1,30 1,20 1,10 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % 1, Temperaturbereich [ C]
6 Storage Temperatures [ C] Water storage discharge via internal HX Experiment Simulation Type 240 Tin = 50 C 500 [ / ] m& = kg h Time [min] WATER Experiment Simulation Type 240 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 WATER Time [min] α = ξ Gr heat transfer coefficient α [W/m 2 K]
7 storage temperatures [ C] PCM Slurry discharge via internal HX 20% PC-SLURRY Experiment Simulation Type 240 Tin = 50 C [ kg h] m& = 500 / Time [min] T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 α = ξ Experiment 20% PC-SLURRY Simulation Type 240 Gr Time [min] heat transfer coefficient α [W/m 2 K]
8 Cylindrical modules: storage geometry modules tank 100 cm 90 cm PCM filling ratio: 30% 5 cm 21 cm
9 Cylindrical modules paraffin material properties H [kj/kg] λ PCM = 0.2 [ W / mk] ρ PCM 824 kg / m 3 = dc dmodule λ Cont = 0.2 [ W / mk] ρ Cont 910 kg / m = 50[ mm] =1.8[ mm] paraffin polypropylen 3 = cpcont, = 1800 / [ J kgk] temperature [ C]
10 Cylindrical modules paraffin charge power T inlet 90 Power [kw] TRNSYS (Type240) EXP losses m dot T [ C] / Mass flow rate [kg/h] Time [min]
11 75 70 Cylindrical modules paraffin temperatures, charging layer 1 (top) temperature [ C] T = 70[ C ] inlet V & = 100 l / h [ ] water: trnsys exp PCM (surface): trnsys exp PCM (center): trnsys exp time [min]
12 layer 4 (bottom) Cylindrical modules paraffin temperatures, charging Tinlet = 70[ C] [ l h] V& = 100 / temperature [ C] water: trnsys exp PCM (surface): trnsys exp PCM (center): trnsys exp time [min]
13 Cylindrical modules paraffin: discharge power T inlet 90 power [kw] TRNSYS (Type240) EXP losses m dot T [ C] / Mass flow rate [kg/h] time [min]
14 75 70 layer 3 Cylindrical modules paraffin temperatures, discharging water: trnsys exp PCM (surface): trnsys exp PCM (center): trnsys exp temperature [ C] time [min] Tinlet = 50[ C] [ l h] V& = 100 /
15 75 70 layer 1 (top) Cylindrical modules paraffin temperatures, discharging water: trnsys exp PCM (surface): trnsys exp PCM (center): trnsys exp temperature [ C] time [min] Tinlet = 50[ C] [ l h] V& = 100 /
16 Cylindrical modules SA material properties λ PCM = 0.5 [ W / mk] ρ PCM 1350 kg / m 3 = λ Cont = 0.2 [ W / mk] ρ Cont 910 kg / m 3 = H [kj/kg] cooling heating dc dmodule cpcont, = 1800 / = 50[ mm] =1.8[ mm] [ J kgk] temperature [ C] SA polypropylen
17 Modelling of subcooling effects Case 1: cooling cooling heating 500 T critical_1 400 q [kj/kg] T [ C] 1 PCM-temperature < T critical_1 cristallisation switch to red function
18 Modelling of subcooling effects Case 2: heating cooling heating T critical_2 400 q [kj/kg] T [ C] all PCM-temperatures > T critical_2 no cristallisation seeds left switch to blue function
19 Modelling of subcooling effects example: cooling cooling heating T 4 T 3 T 2 T q [kj/kg] T [ C] Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 time = n time= n Module Module
20 Cylindrical modules SA discharge Power Power [kw] TRNSYS (Type240) EXP losses T inlet m dot T [ C] / Mass flow rate [kg/h] Time [min]
21 75 Cylindrical modules SA temperatures, discharging layer 4 (bottom) temperature [ C] water: trnsys exp PCM (surface): trnsys exp PCM (center): trnsys exp time [min] Tinlet = 50[ C] [ l h] V& = 100 /
22 Cylindrical modules SA+gr material properties 500 λ PCM = 4.5 [ W / mk] λ Cont = 15 [ W / mk] H [kj/kg] ρ PCM 1054 kg / m 3 = dc dmodule ρ Cont 8000 kg / m = 53[ mm] =1.5[ mm] 3 = cp, cont = 477 / [ J kgk] 100 SA+gr temperature [ C] stainless steel
23 Cylindrical modules SA+gr discharge Power power [kw] Psim Ploss mdot_in power Tinlet T [ C] / mass flow rate [kg/h] time [min]
24 Cylindrical modules SA+gr temperatures, discharging layer 4 (bottom) 70 temperature [ C] Twater (exp) Twater (exp) Tpcmsurface (exp) Tpcmcenter (exp) Twater (sim) Tpcmsurface (sim) Tpcmcenter (sim) time [min] Tinlet = 50[ C] [ l h] V& = 100 /
25 Conclusions and outlook Simulation results correspond well to measurements for slurries and pure PCM. Current approximate approach of subcooling will be improved PCM-Graphite mixtures need more work Type 240 will be included simulation boundary conditions (building, user load, climate, hydraulics) according to IEA SHC Task 32 Expansion to ice storage is on the way
26 Theoretical approach Wall construction: 2.5 [cm] external plaster / 38 [cm] brick / 1.5 [cm] PCM plaster room with Ambient air External wall room PCM plaster Type 56 q s,2 q s,1 direct contact zone T s,2 T s,1 Type 56 air zone TRNSYS Model Type 241
27 Geometry of the test room IW1 Exterior wall construction 1.5 cm plaster / 38 cm brick / 1.5 cm PCM-plaster 1.5 cm PCM-plaster Interior wall construction west A F = 1.50 m 2 A = 20 m 2 AC day = 0.5 h -1 AC night = 6.0 h cm plaster / 12 cm brick / 1.5 cm PCM-plaster Floor / Ceiling construction 2 cm parquet floor / 6 cm mineral wool / 18 cm concrete / 1.5 cm PCM-plaster EW A F = 2.25 m 2 EW south
28 Thermophysical properties Enthalpy [kj/kg] MaxitClima plaster c p = 1 [kj/kgk] ΔT = 23 C c p = 1 [kj/kgk] ΔH = 18 [kj/kg] A F = 1.50 m 2 EW Asurface dpcm IW1 1.5 cm PCM-plaster A = 20 m 2 AC day = 0.5 h -1 AC night = 6.0 h -1 A F = 2.25 m m EW 2 = = 1.5[ cm] Temperature [ C] Δ Q = total Δ T = 3.0[ K] 7.06[ kwh] 2 353[ Wh / m ]
29 Simulation results Operative room temperature [ C] cm gypsum plaster 1.5 cm PCM plaster Hour of year
30 Conclusion and outlook First simulation results look realistic Comparison of simulation to measurement data will be performed (measurement data is welcome) The type will be used at IWT for building simulation projects Other beta testers are welcomes
31 Acknowledgment Project Energiesysteme der Zukunft of the Austrian Ministry for Traffic, Innovation and Technology. European project ENK6-CT (Phase Change Material Slurries) Task32 of the Solar Heating and Cooling programme of the International Energy Agency Task 32 Storage
VALIDATION OF A TRNSYS SIMULATION MODEL FOR PCM ENERGY STORAGES AND PCM WALL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS
VALIDATION OF A TRNSYS SIMULATION MODEL FOR PCM ENERGY STORAGES AND PCM WALL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS H. Schranzhofer, P. Puschnig, A. Heinz, and W. Streicher Institute of Thermal Engineering, University
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