Analysis of the Selected Aspects of a Crash between Two Vehicles

Transcription

1 d eraoal Coferece o Adace Copuer cece ad Egeerg (CE 03) Aaly of e eleced Apec of a Cra beee To Vecle Jerzy Klok Faculy of Trapor ad Elecrcal Egeerg, Kazerz Pulak UTH Rado, Polad jklo@klocy.a.pl Jarola Zalek Faculy of Adrao ad ocal cece Wara Uery of Tecology Wara, Polad j.zalek@a.p.edu.pl Abrac e arcle a copuer ulao of ecle collo a prepared ug e PCCra 8.0 ofare. Te reul of ulao ere copared o aalycal calculao by Rou eod e ue of e coeffce of reuo for deforao or eloce. Te equao of oo durg e cra ere forulaed referece o e ee of e ecor. Te ue e baed odel of a cra a codered, for e ffe of car bode bo odel a o ko. Aaly cocerg e coe apec of e coequece of car cra a ru, aly due o e aupo of e rouge of ecle bode. Te coeffce of reuo for e ageal dreco a codered order o ake e cra odel ore realc. (Abrac) Keyord: road collo aaly, ulao, car cra.. NTRODUCTON Modellg of car cra ay be codered dffere apec [], [4], [6]. paper aeo a pad o fro pac ad de pac cra, a e o freque Polad e perod of 5 year (fg. ). A a reul of e de pac faale or eeral jure of paeger ay occur, a ell a depread daage o e car, follog e cage a era paraeer. 9% 8% 3% 5% 4% fro pac 3% de pac rear pac pedera pac coa obacle pac rolloer rag eco of gle road. T cae reflec e ee c Volkage a ruck a e ereco of eforcg e rg of ay. e ee of a froal collo Opel lef lae for e oe of e oppoe dreco.. AUMPTON Durao e of e ulao a, of c e logey of e pac elf a 0,9. Bac aupo for bo ulao ere a ge: ecle odel are lear, e ecle bode are reaed a recagular elee or e of recagular elee ag coa ffe; oo ake place o a dry urface a coeffce of adeo equal o 0.8; e ecle are og a eloce: Paa a 50k/, Vecra a 80k/; e al a of e Volage Paa aoug 370kg a bee creaed by e eg of e drer ad paeger equal o 7kg accordace [], le e al a of e Opel Vecra aoug 50kg a bee creaed by e eg of e drer ad ree paeger equal o 7kg, alo accordace []. No baggage a cluded; accordg o [] e eg of e ceer of a for e lade ecle a aued a 0.56 for bo Opel ad Volkage; Aug a e drer ad paeger bo eg a 68kg coe e procedure for deerg e alloed load of a car decrbed []. fg. locao of bo car before ad afer e de pac collo o, erea fg. 3 before ad afer e fro pac collo. Fgure. Parcpao of e eleced ype geeral uber of collo beee 995 ad 00. ulao of e oblque de pac ad e froal oblque pac ere coduced ug e PC Cra 8.0. Te ecle odel beg ruck Volkage Paa.0, le e rkg oe Opel Vecra. DT, bo fro year of produco. ulao of a collo a prepared a g elocy o e equal e ereco, ad o a Fgure. Locao of ecle before ad afer de pac, ere Opel, Volkage. 03. Te auor Publed by Ala Pre 350

2 follo a e pac elocy affec e reulg ra, c coe e bac equao of e eory of collo [6], [7]. TABLE. THE PROTOCOL OF DE AND FRONT MPACT CRAH. N BUCKET THE MOMENT OF NERTA AFTER THE LOAD WTH PAENGER ARE HOWN. Fgure 3. Locao of ecle before ad afer fro pac, ere Opel, Volkage. Te a a of e copuer ulao a o exae e oor ecle collo e defed paraeer a ell a erfcao of e ulao reul roug aalycal calculao. Aoer a a o ceck e dfferece ulao reul afer rug for eeral e. o called ue e baed pac odel a ued. a odel of pac, ere a ecle body dded o lle polygo ad e kec eergy of pac o e deforao of eac polygo. For e proble of coac of e ecle roug urface e coeffce of reuo a aalyed, for c e prepared calculao ould reul e ae a e ulao.. DECRPTON OF THE MULATON AND THE ELECTED ELEMENT OF PCCRAH OFTWARE PCCra a ecle depced a a gle rgd block [3], ere e body repreeed by a recagular pr of a cera a, oe of era, rucural* ad oroal ffe. Te paraeer defed a e ffe of e body PCCra decrbed a a dep of deforao relao o e eg of e ecle. Weel ffe alf e alue of e ecle body, erea e roof plae odel of paeger car aued 75 perce le ff a e ffe of e loer ecle body. able 4 eleced paraeer of e proocol for e al ad fal pae of e collo are o e egeao for e de ad fro pac. Noceable e dep of e body deforao, c e de pac elocy of abou 80k/ 0.34 for Volkage, bearg d e ocalled uual peerao of e ecle bode. Fro of e car rkg (Opel) a rogly defored ad e deforao dep 0.40 T o a for uc ype of collo ad for car of lar eg ad ze e dep of deforao larger for e fro of e pacg ecle (rgd paeger copare). Cofrao of ca be foud eco o e fro pac collo. For a ecle og a ger eloce (Vecra) e dep of deforao greaer. car de pac cra Opel VW Vecra Paa Fro pac cra Opel VW Vecra Paa VALUE AT THE BEGNNNG OF THE CRAH before cra elocy [k/] ecle agle [deg.] elocy dreco () [deg.] agular elocy aroud z ax (o) [/] oe of era aroud x ax [kg^] 74 (8.98) 66.9 (77.54) oe of era (743.6) aroud y ax [kg^] (57.66) oe of era (743.6) aroud z ax [kg^] (57.66) pule of e pac force [N] VALUE AT THE END OF THE CRAH afer cra elocy [k/] ecle agle [deg.] elocy dreco () [deg.] agular elocy aroud z ax (o) [/] dep of deforao [] coeffce of reuo k Te alue of e agular eloce aroud e ercal axe e al pae of collo ere dffere fro zero. Follog e adopo of e ceer of a of ecle greaer a zero, ere occur peoea of roll, ad e oe of era for all axe are cluded [3]. * rucural ffe accordg o [3] defed o e ba of e dep of deforao aocaed o e eg of e car a a reg poo. 35

3 V. VERFCATONOF THE OBTANED REULT ON THE BA OF ANALYTCAL CALCULATON For coparo o e ulao reul calculao ere prepared accordg o e eod for e collo ue cludg e ageal elocy reuo. Daa for e calculao a aued accordg o e able 4, oeer e pu of ageal ad oral eloce ere obaed by e rao fro e carea coordae ye (fg. 4) o e aural local coordae ye (ageal ad oral, fg. 5, 6). Velocy ecor of e rkg ecle (Opel) ad o be projeced orogoally o e axe adoped accordace fg. 6a. a aued a e elocy ecor of e paced ecle parallel o e age ax (), ad e rkg ecle ecor cocde e oral o e collo (). e de pac, e agle of e ecle ake fro e able 4 a aued a e pac agle, ce eaured relae o e x ax e Carea coordae ye xy. alo eay o uae e ageal ax (alog e edge) of e ruck ecle ad e oral ax (perpedcular o e age). ore dffcul o realze for a froal collo, ere e ecle are pooed alo parallel o e x ax. Ug rgooery, kog e dace of e ecle fro e ceer of collo (fg. 6b) e agle o e axe x ad y ca be calculaed. Fgure 5. Locao of e local coordae ye for e de pac e eloce. Fgure 6. Locao of e local coordae ye for e fro pac e eloce. Baed o cra eory beee bode [4] cocerg collo eory, eorecal aaly o e ue of ecle collo a adaped. Te ue of reuo of ageal elocy a ake o accou. a aued a durg e collo excep for e ocalled oluerc ra, ere occur alo odlaaoal ra aocaed e re e ageal dreco occurrg o e urface of ecle. aalogy o Neo' ypoe e forula o deere e coeffce of reuo of ageal eloce [] preeed. ' θ = (4.) Te relae ageal elocy e olp collo a decrbed by e forula (4.). ' = θ (4.) Te relae oral elocy ere [4]: = R (4.3) Fgure 4. Coordae ye xy for de ad fro pac. = + + = + + = + + (4.4), e a of ecle ad repecely;,,, e oral ad ageal coordae of e ceer of a for bo ecle relao o e ceer of cra (e al po of coac); 35

4 , e oe of era aroud e ercal axe pag roug e ceer of a of eery ecle. Equao (4.) ad (4.3) ere oled repec o pule, c ur alloed deerg e alue of e ageal ad oral pule (4.5). ( + R) + ( θ ) = ( + R) ( θ ) = (4.5) oluo of proble for a car cra o roug urface requre koledge of ree facor: e dyac coeffce of frco f ( e Rou ye for e rae pule =f, f of coure e cra occur a lp beee e urface of ecle akg par), e coeffce of reuo for oral R ad ageal eloce. geeral e equao of oo durg e cra ca be preeed a: ( ) = ± ( ) = ± ( ) = ± ± (4.6) ere: a of e ecle o ; ageal elocy of e ecle o ; oral elocy of e ecle o ; agular elocy of e ecle o ; oe of era of e ecle o aroud e ercal;, oral ad ageal pule of e cra force; For e o preeed cae keacal ae afer e collo decrbed by forula, repecfully for e de ad fro pac cra: = +, = = = = + +, = + (4.7) = = = = = + +. =. Dace,,, of bo ceer of a o e ceer of collo ere eaured PCCra bo car locaed a e po of al coac poo. ear ad copreo aaeou elocy forula [4], e aaeou alue ere replaced by e alue fro e begg of e collo. Te e coeffce f, R, ad θ ere o coe, a e alue of afer cra eloce ere a cloe a poble o oe obaed e ulao. Te calculao ere prepared e ue of M Excel. Tey ere coduced o dreco. A. Fr approac Fr eeed eceary o oba e exac alue of e cra pule a e proocol (able 4) order o exae o a exe e alue of e afer cra eloce ad e coeffce ould be caged, ou repec o e alue of e ree aalyzed coeffce. For e de pac cra e reul are a follo. Repecfully before ad afer e cra: ' ' = 0.6 ; = 8.4 ; = 7. ; =.83 ; ' ' = 0; = 3.39 ; = 7.05 ; = 9.66 ; ' ' =. ; = 0.4 ; =.6 ; =.84 ; Te ole pule = 3096 N. W coeffce f = 0.5, R = 0. ad θ = 0.85 e alue of eloce e fal pae of collo ere: ' k ' k = 99.89, = , copared o: ' k ' k = 5.93, = obaed a a reul of e ulao. For e fro pac cra e reul are a follo. Repecfully before ad afer e cra: 353

5 =.57 ; = 6.68 ; = 8.85 ; = 4.84 ; = 0.5 ; = 6.8 ; = 8.5 ; =.79 ; = 0.5 ; = 0.9 ; = 4.34 ; = 7.7 ; Te ole pule = 7396 N. W coeffce f = 0.7, R =.59 ad θ =.89 e alue of eloce e fal pae of collo ere: ' k ' k = 6.3, = 3. 6, copared o: ' k ' k = 64.39, = obaed a a reul of e ulao. Fro e obaed reul ca be cocluded a e ag o oba e alue of pule equal o oe fro e ulao of de pac cra o poble o oba e ae alue of afer cra eloce. Hoeer, e cae of fro cra e reul are cloe. We exag e aalyzed coeffce eay o oce, a for e de cra er alue ay be poble. Te queo, oeer, a alue ca e R coeffce ae e de pac. e fro pac e alue of bo R ad θ coeffce ee o be ulkely ad ay dcae, a er alue e real codo ay be cloe o zero for R ad for θ (ee caper 5). B. ecod approac A e ex ep eeed eeal o oba e fal alue of afer cra eloce cloe or equal o oe cra proocol (able 4) ou repec o e alue of e ree aalyzed coeffce. For e de pac cra e reul are a follo. Repecfully before ad afer e cra: ' ' = 0.6 ; = 8.4 ; = 5.35 ; = 5.5 ; ' ' = 0; = 3.39 ; = 5.7 ; = 6.54 ; ' ' =. ; = 0.4 ; = 3.9 ; =.99 ; Te ole pule = 073 N. W coeffce f = 0.55, R =.97 ad θ =.59 e alue of eloce e fal pae of collo ere: ' k ' k = 59.04, = 63, copared o: ' k ' k = 5.93, = obaed a a reul of e ulao. For e fro pac cra e reul are a follo. Repecfully before ad afer e cra: =.57 ; = 6.68 ; = 0.86 ; = 4.4 ; = 0.5 ; = 6.8 ; = 8.05 ; = 4.97 ; = 0.5 ; = 0.9 ; =.3 ; = 4.7 ; Te ole pule = 5063 N. W coeffce f = 0.7, R = 0.74 ad θ =.84 e alue of eloce e fal pae of collo ere: ' k ' k = 65, = , copared o: ' k ' k = 64.39, = obaed a a reul of e ulao. A ca be ee fro e calculao for e ecod approac, e coeffce of reuo of e oral eloce bo cae ell belo zero, c ay dcae a real codo alue ocllae aroud alue. Te defaul alue of R aued PCCra 0.. Moreoer, e alue of e agular eloce of bo ecle are uc larger a oe ge e proocol of copuer ulao. Progree alue of pac eloce e fal pae dffer lgly fro e reul of ulao PCCra, oeer e oal alue of bo pule aller by abou 3000N for e de pac ad 300N for e fro pac o e alue obaed e ulao. V. ELECTED APECT OF THE COEFFCENT OF TANGENAL VELOCTE For beer uderadg of e coplcaed ecle cra proce ee ecceary o be falar e peoea of frco beee e urface of e colldg ecle. Terefore, apar fro e clac coeffce of reuo R, eeal o plee e coeffce for ageal eloce θ, c correpod e ocalled ape deforao of e oor ecle body, corary o olue deforao cocered e defg R. Te eory of e coeffce θ preeed [4] ad cocer occurrg crcular coac area, ere oral re a a percal ape. Te pread of e ear re eg fro e ageal pule alo percal, proded a frco beee urface fully deeloped. Reul of reearc o ubjec o, a e colldg eel pere, e alue of θ deped bo o R ad e agle of collo. O e ba of ee colcuo e forula ued for calculag e alue of θ ca be preeed a: 354

6 θ 7 ( + ) a a = R (4.8) ere: e agle of e ecle o afer collo; e agle of e ecle o afer collo. [8] ad [9] bo oral ad ageal coeffce of reuo ere dcued. A a reul of cra e of 3 ecle e alue of oral ad ageal coeffce ere copued. For e ecle ae beee 566 o 68kg ad eloce fro 6,3 o 6,3k/ ee alue ere a follo: oral reuo coeffce R = (0,3 0,5); ageal reuo coeffce θ = (0,87 0,7). Te reul baed o e e of real ecle ee o be dagree e eory, accordg o c e alue of e oral coeffce of reuo beee 0 ad. V. CONCLUON Te obaed reul ca be ued for furer reearc o e coplcy of e ecle collo proce. Oe apec of ay be exaao of e fluece of eleced cra paraeer o e proce of collo, erea e oer e fluece of a era durbace car body o ably ad dyac of o daaged ad e properly repared ecle [5]. Bo e coeffce of reuo of oral ad ageal elocy play a pora role odelg e collo of ecle real codo. Te alue of bo coeffce deped o e ype of collo ad e agle of e pac force. Te alue of e pac force pule a codered parcularly e cae of de pac, becaue for uc ype of collo dffcul o deere e po of pac force applcao. uc qualae ealuao ay lead o arbrary aupo adoped e quaae ee, bu referece o realy. REFERENCE [] Repell J., Podoza aocodó, WKŁ, Warzaa 004. ( Pol) [] Wcer J., ack R., Modeloae zderzea aocodó, Zezyy Naukoe yuu Pojazdó, PW, MR, (3)/99. ( Pol) [3] PCCra a ulao progra for ecle accde, Operag Maual, Vero 8.0, Dr effa Daeeck, Lz, Aura 006. [4] Gryboś R., Teora uderzea dykreyc układac ecaczyc, PWN, Warzaa 969. ( Pol) [5] Zalek J. Modeloae płyu zaburzeń geoer adoza a aeczość rucu pojazdu aocodoego, Docoral Te, Warzaa, 0. ( Pol) [6] Huag M., Vecle cra ecac, Hardboud, 00. [7] Ońk Z., Mecaka ogóla, PWN, Warzaa 000. ( Pol) [8] Wcer J., O półczyku reyucj zderzeac aocodó, Zezyy Naukoe Poleck Śęokrzykej, Mecaka 84, Kelce 006. ( Pol) [9] kaa H., pac odel for accde recoruco oral ad ageal reuo coeffce, AE paper