Energy and Electromagnetism

Transcription

1 4 th Science Notebook Energy and Electromagnetism Investigation 1: Energy and Circuits Name: Big Question: What is evidence that energy is present, and what conditions allow it to flow? 1

2 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 1: Mathematical Analysis M1.1 Use mathematical notation and symbolism to communicate in mathematics and compare and describe quantities and relationships M2.1 Use simple logical reasoning to develop conclusions, recognizing that patterns and relationships assist them in making conclusions M3.1 Explore and solve problems using concrete objects and manipulatives such as a balance, graduated cylinder, ruler Standard 1: Scientific Inquiry S1.1 Ask why questions in attempts to seek greater understanding of events they have observed or heard about S1.2 Question the explanations they hear from others and read about, seek clarification, and compare to their own S1.3 Develop relationships among observations to construct tentative explanations for what they have observed S2.1 Develop written plans for exploring phenomena or for evaluating explanations guided by questions S2.2 Share their research plans with others and revise based on suggestions S2.3 Carry out plans for exploring phenomena using appropriate inquiry and process skills S3.1 Organize observations and measurements through classification and preparation of charts and tables S3.2 Interpret observations and measurements and recognize relationships S3.3 Share findings with others and seek their ideas S3.4 Adjust understandings based on findings or new ideas Standard 1: Engineering Design T1.1 Describe objects, imaginary or real, that might be modeled or made differently and suggest ways to improve T1.2 Investigate prior solutions and ideas from various resources T1.3 Generate ideas for possible solutions, apply math and science skills, evaluate and determine the best solution, and justify your choices T1.4 Plan and build a model of a solution T1.5 Discuss how best to test the solution, perform, record, discuss, summarize, and suggest improvement 2

3 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 4: Physical Environment 3.1b Matter has properties that can be observed through the senses 3.1c Objects have properties that can be observed, described, and/or measured 3.1d Measurements can be made with standard metric units and nonstandard units (meteorology) 3.1e The material an object is made up of determines some specific properties of the object. Properties can be observed. 3.1f Objects and/or materials can be sorted or classified according to their properties 3.1g Some properties of an object are dependent on the conditions of the present surroundings 3.2c Changes in the properties of materials can be observed and described 4.1a Energy exists in various forms: heat, electric, sound, chemical, mechanical, and light 4.1b Energy can be transferred from one place to another 4.1c Some materials transfer energy better than others (heat/electricity) 4.1d Energy and matter interact: water is evaporated by Sun s heat; a bulb is lighted by electricity 4.1e Electricity travels in a closed circuit 4.1f Heat can be released in many ways (burning, friction, or combining substances) 4.1g Interactions with forms of energy can be either helpful or harmful 4.2a Everyday events involve one form of energy being changed to another 4.2b Humans utilize interactions between matter and energy and changes between forms of energy 5.1a The position of an object can be described by locating it relative to another object or the background 5.1e Magnetism is a force that may attract or repel certain materials 5.2a The forces of magnetism and gravity can affect objects through gases, liquids, and solids 5.2b The forces of magnetism on objects decreases as distance increases 3

4 Alignment with New York State Science Standards & Performance Indicators Standard 4: Living Environment 6.2 Describe the relationship of the Sun as an energy source Standard 6: Interconnectedness 1. Through systems thinking, they recognize commonalities that exist and how parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform special functions 2. Models are simplified representations 3. Grouping by magnitudes into a series provides a useful way to deal with the immense range and changes in scale 4. Equilibrium is a state of stability 5. Identifying patterns for change is necessary for making predictions about future behavior and conditions Standard 7: Interdisciplinary Problem Solving 1. The knowledge and skills of mathematics, science, and technology are used together to make informed decisions and solve problems 2. Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies such as effective work habits, gathering information, generating ideas, making connections, and presenting ideas 4

5 Table of Contents Part Title Page 1 Lighting a Bulb 7 2 Energy on the Move 16 3 Conductors and Insulators 24 4 Presence of Energy 30 5

6 What do you know about energy? I Think Now I Know 6

7 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb FOCUS QUESTION What is needed to light a bulb? CLAIM EVIDENCE 7

8 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb Directions: Draw and label the bulb system you created and each of its components or parts. 8

9 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb 9

10 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb Directions: Draw or trace the flow of electricity through an incandescent bulb. 10

11 Energy Systems Chart System Energy Source Evidence of Energy Transfer 11

12 Energy Systems Chart System Energy Source Evidence of Energy Transfer 12

13 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb PROBLEM What was the problem with lightbulbs before 1879? PLAN What was Edison s plan? RESULT What was Edison s result(s)? CLAIM EVIDENCE 13

14 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb Word Bank 14

15 Part 1: Lighting a Bulb Science Content/Inquiry 15

16 Part 2: Energy on the Move FOCUS QUESTION 2A What does energy do in a circuit with a motor? CLAIM EVIDENCE 16

17 Part 2: Energy on the Move FOCUS QUESTION 2B Can a solar cell run a motor? CLAIM EVIDENCE 17

18 Part 2: Energy on the Move Investigate Solar Cells Directions: After you get your motor running, investigate how a solar cell works by trying the things below and recording your observations. Try This 1. Find what angle you should hold the solar cell to get the motor to run fastest. Observations 2. Cover half the solar cell with your hand or turn it upside down. 3. Find out if the solar cell works when sunlight is filtered through the leaves of a tree. 4. Find out if you can reflect light off something, like a wall or window, onto the solar cell and still get the motor to run. 5. Find out if the solar cell works in the shade? How about when a cloud passes over? 18

19 Part 2: Energy on the Move Investigate Solar Cells Directions: Draw a sketch of the solar cell circuit you created below. Label each component of the circuit. Write a few words to describe what each component does in the circuit. 19

20 Part 2: Energy on the Move Directions: Read, think, and respond below. 20

21 Part 2: Energy on the Move Directions: Use evidence from the text, Electricity to answer the questions below. 1. What is energy? 2. What can electricity do? 3. What is a battery? 21

22 Part 2: Energy on the Move Word Bank 22

23 Part 2: Energy on the Move Science Content/Inquiry 23

24 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators FOCUS QUESTION What is needed to make a complete pathway for current to flow in a circuit? CLAIM EVIDENCE 24

25 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators Test Objects Inventory 2 Aluminum foil 2 Aluminum nails 2 Black rocks 2 Brass rings 2 Cardboard 2 Copper foil 2 Paper fasteners 2 Plastic chips 2 Plastic straws 2 River rocks 2 Rubber bands 2 Sponges 2 Steel nails 2 Steel paper clips 2 Steel screens 2 Steel screws 2 Steel washers 2 Wood sticks 2 Wool yarn 25

26 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators 26

27 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators Directions: Sort each object into the correct list. CONDUCTORS INSULATORS 1. What is similar about all the conductors? 2. What can you say about the insulators? 27

28 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators Word Bank 28

29 Part 3: Conductors and Insulators Science Content/Inquiry 29

30 Part 4: Presence of Energy FOCUS QUESTION What do we observe that provides evidence that energy is present? CLAIM EVIDENCE 30

31 Part 4: Presence of Energy Directions: Read your assigned reading for Energy. Think and write what you believe is the main idea. Directions: After discussing with your Expert Team write what the team believes is the main idea of your assigned reading. 31

32 Part 4: Presence of Energy Directions: Record important details or notes about Energy. Burning Fuel Food is Fuel Motion Making Sound Fossil Fuels Observable Evidence of Energy 32

33 Part 4: Presence of Energy Word Bank 33

34 Part 4: Presence of Energy Science Content/Inquiry 34

35 Investigation 1: Energy and Circuits BIG QUESTION What is evidence that energy is present, and what conditions allow it to flow? Explain 35