Series Lecture on Laser Plasma Physics

Transcription

1 Series Lecture on Laser Plasma Physics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University June 27&28, July 4&5, 2009 H. Takabe (Aki) Professor, Institute of Laser Engineering and School for Physics and School for Space and Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan Visiting Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China 1

2 Chapter 1 Introduction 2

3 1.1 Self-introduction 3

4 Takabe-G: Laser Astrophysics (1) Creation of Mimic Black Hole in Laboratory ILE OSAKA Universe Black Hole Experimental Data Black Hole Neutron Star Laboratory Photo-ionization in X-ray Binary with Black Hole Radiation Temperature of 0.5 kev has been achieved. 4

5 Takabe-G: Laser Astrophysics (2) Challenging 100 year-standing mystery of Cosmic Ray = Collisionless Shock Physics = SN1006 Collisionless Shock Formation by Self- Organization (Kato-Takabe Theory) ILE OSAKA Density Universe Shock Front Shock Jump Averaged Density Laboratory Self- Generated E and B fields Space 5

6 1.2 High-Power Laser Maiman (1960) Ruby Laser 6

7 Early Stage of Laser for Inertial Confinement Fusion in Livermore, USA 7

8 What is laser? 8

9 Laser Welding 9

10 Big Laser Facilities Gekko XII Laser, Osaka Univ. ILE, Osaka University Gekko Amplifiers 10

11 Nonlinear Optics Harmonic Conversion with Nonlinear Crystal Shorter Wavelength is better for Laser Plasma Interaction 11

12 1.3 Plasmas What is Plasma? Solid Liquid Gas Plasmas 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

16 1.4 Plasmas in Nature and Life Lightening 16

17 How gamma-ray appears accompanied with lightening 17

18 18

19 19

20 Solar Flare 20

21 21

22 Corona Mass Ejection Plasmas 22

23 23

24 Aurora 24

25 1.5 Plasmas in Universe Plasmas 藤井旭 星のたんじょう ( 金の星社 ) 25

26 26

27 27

28 Planetary Nebula (Hour Glass Nebula) Hubble Space Telescope (NASA) 28

29 29

30 Supernova Explosion 30

31 Crab Nebula and Neutron Star 31

32 Before collision Quark Gluon Plasma After collision 中性子星 32

33 Surface:6000K Structure of Sun Center:1.5keV 33

34 Convection near the surface of the Sun 34

35 Temperature Density 35

36 36

37 37

38 38

39 1.6 How to describe Plasmas Lorentz force and gyro motion m dv dt q( v B) m v 2 c q v B c mv q B c v c q B m 39

40 Drift motion ( B) v E v q dt d m B B' B v E E' E ') ' ' ( ' B v E v q dt d m 2 E E B 0 B E v B v E E' 40

41 Maxwell Equations Faraday s Law Ampere s Law Poisson Equation Absence of Magnetic Monopole E B t 1 E B j 0 0 t 0 E B 0 41

42 Hydrodynamic Equations Continuity Motion n t (nu) 0 m t u u 1 n P qe u B m du dt 1 n P qe u B Energy d dt P dv dt dq dt 42

43 Basic Equations for Plasma Fluid Model Ion Fluid n m i t i (n t u i i u i ) 0 u i 1 n i (n i T ) e i E u i B Electron Fluid n m t e e (n t u e e u e u ) 0 e 1 n e (n e T e i en e ) e E u Charge and Current Densities = en - j = en u -en u i i e e e B Maxwell Equations E 1 B B t j E t E B 0 43

44 Ludwig Boltzmann ( ) Suicide in 1906 S = -k ln W Boltzmann wrote in1898 I am conscious of being only an individual struggling weakly against the stream of time. Increasingly subject to depressions, Boltzmann committed suicide in 1906 only shortly before Perrin s experiment on Brownian motion (1908) and Mililan s oil-drop experiment (1909) provided very direct evidence for the discrete structure of matter. (Statistical Physics, Berkeley Phys. 5) P

45 Boltzmann Equation df dt f t dr dt f r dv dt f v df dt coll f(t,r,v): Velocity distribution function dr dt v dv dt F m f t v f r F m f v df dt coll Vlasov Equation 45

46 From Particle Image to Fluid Image [E.A.] (Phase Space) (Particles) (Ensembles) (Distribution Func.) [Velocity moments] (Real Space) [CE expansion] (Fluid Eqs.) (Moment Eqs.) 46

47 47

48 Fokker-Planck Equation 48

49 ),, ( ), ( ), ( ),, ( ),, ( 1 W W W W r t r t r t r t r t t c I I I I I I x t c 1 I I I I r r t c ) (1 1 2 Radiation Transport Equation 49

50 Hamiltonian for N-electron system How to solve: MCHF, HF, Para-potential Method OPAL at LLNL 50

51 Rate Equations 51

52 Appendix A Historical Events of Plasma Physics 52

53 53

54 Appendix B 54

55 55

56 56

57 57

58 58

59 59

60 60

61 61