Unit 2 - Origin of Elements

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1 Unit 2 - Origin of Elements 1. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? A) temperature B) half-life C) wave velocity D) wavelength 2. The diagram below shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which form of electromagnetic energy shown on the diagram has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength? A) infrared rays B) AM radio C) gamma rays D) red light 3. Which statement about electromagnetic energy is correct? A) Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light. B) Radar waves have a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet rays. C) X-rays have a longer wavelength than infrared waves. D) Violet light has a longer wavelength than red light. 4. Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation are given off by stars using energy released during A) conduction B) nuclear fusion C) convection D) radioactive decay 5. The reaction below represents an energy-producing process. The reaction represents how energy is produced A) from the movement of crustal plates B) when water condenses in Earth's atmosphere C) during nuclear decay D) in the Sun by fusion 6. Which statement best describes the age of our solar system and the universe? A) Our solar system is older than the universe. B) Our solar system and the universe are about the same age. C) The universe is older than our solar system. D) There is no evidence to support the age of the solar system or universe. 7. What is the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of potassium-42? A) 19 B) 39 C) 42 D) Which diagram correctly represents the nucleus of an atom of P? A) B) C) D) 9. What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the element Br? A) 80 B) 45 C) 35 D) As the sun ages it will be composed of A) more oxygen and less sodium B) more hydrogen and less helium C) less oxygen and more carbon D) more helium and less hydrogen

2 11. Which factor, from the choices below, determines whether a star will evolve into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole? A) percentage of carbon B) percentage of helium C) mass D) apparent brightness 12. The explosion of a massive star near the end of its life is known as a A) supernova B) pulsar C) nova D) nebula Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the diagram below, which shows two possible sequences in the life cycle of stars, beginning with their formation from nebular gas clouds in space. 13. According to the diagram, the life-cycle path followed by a star is determined by the star s initial A) mass and size B) luminosity and color C) luminosity and structure D) temperature and origin 14. According to the diagram, a star like Earth s Sun will eventually A) explode in a supernova B) change into a white dwarf C) become a black hole D) become a neutron star

3 15. Which chemical reaction is correctly balanced? A) CH4 + 2O2 CO + 2H2O B) 2CH4 + 3O2 2CO + 4H2O C) 2CH4 + 2O2 CO + 3H2O D) CH4 + O2 CO + H2O 16. When the equation Ca(ClO3)2 CaCl2 + O2 is correctly balanced, the coefficient in front of the O2 will be A) 4 B) 2 C) 3 D) Which nuclear equation represents a plausible fusion reaction reaction? A) C 6 B 5 + H 1 B) H 1 + H 1 He 2 C) Be + He Al D) U 92 Kr 36 + Ba Which process is the source of the Sun's energy? A) fission B) fusion C) natural radioactive decay D) electron capture 19. Our moon averages km from the Earth. This distance could also be expressed as in meters as A) 38,000,000 m B) 380,000 m C) 380,000,000 m D) 3,800,000 m 20. The wavelength of a particular green light is kilometers this could also be expressed as A) km B) km C) km D) km 21. The Sun is approximately 141,000,000 kilometers from the Earth. This distance correctly expressed in scientific notation (powers of ten) would be 22. Which of the following elements is/are represented in the spectrum above? A) Hydrogen and Helium B) Helium only C) Hydrogen only D) Calcium only 23. Which element is NOT represented in the star spectrum above? A) Hydrogen B) Calcium C) Helium D) Magnesium A) km B) km C) km D) km

4 26. Choose the answer that lists the type and number of atoms in a molecule of emerald 24. Use the chart above to help answer the question. The Sun contains spectral lines from neutral sodium and calcium as well as ionized magnesium and iron. Of the choices below, which could be the surface temperature of the Sun? A) 6,500 K B) 4,200 K C) 5,800 K D) 14,300K Base your answers to questions 25 and 26 on The table below shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. 25. Which mineral could be made from one of the other minerals? Explain your reason. A) Sapphire could be made from emerald or spinel B) Spinel could be made from sapphire C) Emerald could be made from sapphire, spinel or zircon D) Zircon could be made from sapphire, spinel or zircon A) 6 Berylium atoms, 4 Aluminum atoms, 6 Silicon atoms, 18 oxygen atoms B) 3 Berylium atoms, 2 Aluminum atoms, 12 Silicon atoms, 36 oxygen atoms C) 3 Boron atoms, 2 Antimonium atoms, 6 Sodium atoms, 18 oxygen atoms D) 3 Berylium atoms, 2 Aluminum atoms, 6 Silicon atoms, 18 oxygen atoms 27. A glass of unsweetened lemonade weighs 255 g. A spoonful of sugar is weighed before stirring into the lemonade. the sugar weighs 25 g. Predict how much you think the sweetened lemonade will weigh after you stir in the sugar. Please select the best answer. A) It will weigh 230 g B) It will weigh slightly less than 255 g but more than 30 g. C) It will weigh 280 g D) It will still weigh 255 g E) It will weigh slightly more than 255 g but less than 280 g. 28. What process creates the heavy elements like gold and uranium that we find on earth? A) Solar system formation B) Supernova C) Fusion in stars D) The Big Bang 29. What element would be created if you fused an atom of helium (He) with and atom of lithium (Li) A) Argon B) Berylium C) HeLi D) Boron 30. What is the heaviest element that can form in stars? A) Neon B) Oxygen C) Iron D) Sodium

5 Answer Key Unit 2 - Origin of Elements 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C

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