Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing , China *Corresponding author

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1 nd International Conference on Test, Measurement and Computational Method (TMCM 2017) ISBN: General Lightweight Integrated Space Environment and Effect Detection Technology Zi-cai SHEN*, Wei DAI, Shu-hong XIANG, Dong-bo TIAN, Yi-gang DING, Ye-nan LIU, Qian YU, Xiang-peng LIU, Yu-ming LIU, Zi-liang MA and Jing-hu WANG Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing , China *Corresponding author Keywords: Space environment, Effect, Detection, Lightweight, Integration. Abstract. In this paper, space environments and effects are briefly introduced firstly, and then the demand of a general light integrated exploration on the space environment and effects are analyzed. Thirdly, on the basis of the analysis on foreign integrated detection device for the space environment and effects, the scheme of general lightweight integrated detection for space environment and effect in China was presented. At last, some key technologies, such as overall design, system integration, data acquisition and analysis, ground calibration and verification, spatial environment adaptability evaluation and so on, are put forward. Introduction The detection of space environments and their effects on spacecraft is important in engineering and science. The space environment of the spacecraft encounters is very complicated, including all kinds of energetic particles, electromagnetic radiation, atomic oxygen, temperature and so on. The exploration of space environment is the premise and basis for the analysis of the influence of space environment on spacecraft, and the establishment of the ground simulation test method. In order to meet the long-term stable operation of long life satellite, it is necessary to obtain the space environment and its effect data. In addition, the space environment data acquired can be used as an important data for space weather and space science research, to promote China's international exchanges in the monitoring technology and the data of the space environment. The exploration of space environment is also the basis for the study of astrophysics, planetary evolution and so on. At present, the observation and monitor of the space environment and the effect is developed on the direction of integration, miniaturization, multi-functional. Some detection devices such as LDEF, OPM, MEDET, MERLIN with characteristics of the multi-function, integration, miniaturization were developed [1-10]. The space environments and effects were introduced firstly, and then the general lightweight integrated detection method is given. At last, some key technologies are proposed. Space Environments and Effects The spacecraft in orbit will encounter complex space environments such as vacuum, temperature, the earth's radiation belt, solar cosmic rays, galaxy cosmic rays, plasma, atomic oxygen, solar electromagnetic radiation, contamination, space debris and micro meteoroid and so on. For deep space explorer, specific missions will experience special environmental factors, such as the dust in moon, the storm in Mars, the acidic atmosphere in Venus, strong magnetic field and strong radiation belt in Jupiter, etc. These space environments can cause severe effects such as single particle effect, total ionizing dose effects, atomic oxygen erosion effect, the impact effect from space debris, pollution effect, the surface charge and discharge effect, internal charging effect and so on, and results in the fault and even failure of spacecraft, and these space environmental effect seriously affect the safety and reliability of spacecraft in orbit. According to whether charged and energy, the space environment and their hazards on spacecraft is list in figure 1. 58

According to the different research objects, there are great differences in the detection technology and the detection means of the space environment effect.

2 尘埃覆盖前后的勇气号尘埃覆盖前后的勇气号 Figure 1. Influence of space environments on spacecraft. Detection Method There are many space environmental effects on spacecraft in orbit, the characteristics of radiation effects in different orbits have significant difference. According to the different research objects, there are great differences in the detection technology and the detection means of the space environment effect. With the continuous development of the detection technology of space environment, effect and the on orbit control technology, the payload of space environment and the effect are developing towards intensive, multi-function, high precision and so on. In the future, according to the characteristics of the environments of five orbits such as near space orbit, LEO, MEO, GEO and deep space orbit, five kinds of monitoring device, with characteristics of light, miniaturization and integration, should be developed to use to monitor the space environments and their effects on spacecraft in different orbits, as illustrated in Figure 2. The technical ideas are shown in Figure 3. Figure 2. Sketch map of the whole project. 59

3 Figure 3. The design method of detection device of space environment and effect. In order to realize the integration, miniaturization and generalization of the detection device, it is necessary to study the overall design of the structure of the detection device and data processing. The structure of general light and small detection system is shown in figure 7. Surface potential prober Contamination prober Electron/proton prober1 Temprature prober Total dose prober Electron/proton prober3 Atomic oxygen prober Electron/proton prober2 Figure 4. Schematic diagram of detector. Key Technologies Following key technologies needed to carry out for the development of general light and small integrated detection on the space environments and their effects on spacecraft. General Design Technology of General Light and Small Integrated Detection of Space Environments and Effects Spacecraft in orbit will encounters electron, proton, heavy ion, atomic oxygen, temperature, plasma, induced contamination, etc, and results in following effects such as single event effect, total dose effect, surface charge and discharge effect, internal charge effect, contamination effect and so on. According to the types and characteristics of the orbital environment, as well as the space environmental effect on spacecraft, the space environments can be spectral classified. The overall design technology of the project should be studied according to the environmental parameters, energy range and effect. Integration Technology of General Light and Small Detection System In order to realize the integration, miniaturization and generalization of the detection device, it is necessary to study the overall design of the overall structure and data processing of the detector. Through the integration of variety of probes, it can realize the integration of multiple space environment parameters and effects in one detector. 60

4 The first one is volume, the distribution of various loads can be reasonable arranged, which are arranged in a small space as far as possible, to meet the functional, at the same time, and the volume can realize as small as possible. Secondly, through the scientifically integration of electronic circuits of a plurality of probes, which are arranged on the circuit board as small as possible, reduce the volume and weight without influence on the function of detector. Thirdly, through accurate calculation and local optimization on the supporting structure of the load, such as shell, circuit board and other components, to achieve the purpose of weight loss. Acquisition and Analysis Technology of Detected Data of Space Environments and Effects It is necessary to design the data acquisition mode to collect the data of space environments and effects simultaneously. Decoding processing on space exploration data includes unpacking, classification, digital conversion, check, etc. At last, the data we needed will be obtained. Ground Calibration and Test Verification Technology of Detection System Because many space environments and effects will be detected in one detector, and the signal is mainly electrical signal. Therefore, the detection signal is what space environments or effects need to be distinguished by the ground calibration. The space environment in orbit is the coexistence of multiple factors, and the detected signal may be the result of several environments. So, it is necessary to study the ground calibration technology of the parameters in different space environments. Research on Space Environment Adaptability of Detector During the course of launch and in orbit, the integrated detector of space environment and effect should be subjected to mechanical shock and thermal vacuum effect, so the space environment adaptability should be studied to improve the safety and reliability of the detector. Conclusions The direction of detection technology of the space environments and their effects on spacecraft is change from the single function to multifunctional detection. Therefore, further observation and monitoring planning on space environment and effects should be made from the national level. The development of detector for space environments and effects, which have characteristics of integration, miniaturization and integration, can be equipped on spacecraft in different orbit, and to obtain the data of space environments and effects, the ground simulation test method and physical model, and to provide support or basis for fault analysis of spacecraft in orbit. References [1] A. S. Bland, LDEF materials overview, NASA 28255(1993) [2] L.G. Clark, W.H. Kinard, D.J. Carter, Jr. and J.L. Jones, Jr., The long duration exposure facility (LDEF). NASA SP-473, [3] D.R. Wilkes and J.M. Zwiener, Science data report for the optical properties monitor (OPM) experiment, NASA/CR (2001) [4] L. Hummer, System report for the optical properties monitor (OPM) experiment. NASA/CR (2001) [5] M. Dinguirard, J.C. Mandeville, M. Van Eesbeek, et al, Materials Exposure and Degradation Experiment (MEDET) AIAA 5070(2001)1-9. [6] A. Polsak, E.M. van, C. O. A. Semprimoschnig, In-situ ESD testing at ESTEC's SORASI facility. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment, 61

5 16-20 June 2003, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Compiled by K. Fletcher. ESA SP-540, Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, ISBN (2003) [7] T.M. Ben, I. U. Craig, D. R. Evans, R. Keith, R. David, Results From the Galileo Giove A Radiation Monitors and Comparison With Existing Radiation Belt Models, IEEE trans. nucl. scie. 54(2007) [8] K.A. Ryden, P.A. Morris, D.J. Rodgers, C.S.Dyer, et al, Flight results from the Merlin space weather monitor on Giove-A, 3rd European Space Weather Week, November, 2006, Brussels. [9] Jian-cun Gong, Si-qing Liu, Li-qin Shi, Zhao-feng Chen, Status and Demand Analysis of Space-based Observation of Space Environment. Chin.Jour. Spac. Sci. 29(2009) [10] Hong Zou, Zuo Xiao, Yong-Qiang Hao, et al, Observation of the disturbed events by the particle detector inside "ZY-1" satellite. Chin. Jour. Geop. 49(2006)

Radiation Environments, Effects and Needs for ESA Missions

Radiation Environments, Effects and Needs for ESA Missions Eamonn Daly European Space Agency ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Space Environment Engineering and Science Applications Workshop 5 September