μcf 07 SUMMARY TALK 73 participants 54 talks 27 laboratories 14 states Leonid I. Ponomarev RRC Kurchatov Institute and MUCATEX

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1 μcf 07 SUMMARY TALK Leonid I. Ponomarev RRC Kurchatov Institute and MUCATEX 73 participants 54 talks 27 laboratories 14 states 1

2 muon discovery prediction of μ catalysis observation of μ catalysis discovery of dμd resonance formation prediction and observation of dμt resonance formation μcf conference in Gatchina, where μcf community was finally established. Today the essential part of the μcf community is involved in the different activities, but it is alive and still remembers those exciting time when we were much more younger. 2

3 μcf meetings: 1984 Jackson Hall, Wyoming, USA 1986 Tokyo, Japan 1987 Gatchina, Russia 1988 Sanibel Island, Florida, USA 1989 Oxford, UK 1990 Wienna, Austria 1992 Uppsala, Sweden 1995 Dubna, Russia 1998 Ascona, Switzerland 2001 Shimoda, Japan 2004 Vienna, Austria 2007 Dubna, Russia 3

4 RUSSIA KIAE Moscow PNPI Gatchina Moscow Univ. St.-Petersburg Univ. JINR Dubna ITEP Moscow INR Troitsk IHEP Protvino IATE Obninsk RFNC Arzamas USA Berkeley Los Alamos BNL BYU William&Mary California St. Univ. Delaware Univ. Florida Univ. UK RAL Nottingham Univ. JAPAN RIKEN KEK Tokyo Univ. Kushu Univ. SWITZERLAND PSI Fribourg Univ. Neuchatel Univ. ITALY INFN & ENEA Bologna GERMANY TUM Munich CANADA TRIUMF Vancouver AUSTRIA IMEP Vienna SWEDEN Uppsala Univ. POLAND INP Krakow BULGARIA INRNE Sofia BELGIUM Delft Tech. Univ. 4

5 J-PARC Facility Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility Nuclear Transmutation 500 m Neutrino to Kamiokande Linac (330m) 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex 5 Joint Project between KEK and JAEA

6 MuCap Results L S MuCap = ± 13.7 stat ± 10.7 sys s -1 Average of HBChPT calculations of L S : further sub percent theory required Apply new rad. correction (2.8%): g P = 7.3 ± 1.1 (MuCap 2007) 6

7 Coulomb de-excitation l n, n-1, s (pm) n + H (pm) n-1 + H 2005 Korenman, Pomerantsev, Popov 2006 Kravtsov and Mikhailov 2007 Present work , E cm, ev 7

8 A young woman is attractive by her beauty, a grown lady is interesting by her children. R. Feynman μcf beauty is well known now: This is a unique phenomenon which allows to regulate the yield of nuclear synthesis by variations of macroscopic parameters temperature, density, hydrogen isotope concentration, and it is already included in some textbooks. 8

9 mcf application in Fundamental Physics and Nuclear Technology Atomic & Molecular Physics QED Weak Interaction Physics Nuclear Physics mcf Tritium Technology Neutron Source High Power Accelerator Nuclear Breeding RW Transmutatio n 9

10 μcf-applications in fundamental physics effective numerical codes; weak interaction physics; nuclear physics and astrophysics; p-physics. 10

11 Effective numerical codes and p-physics The accuracy of calculations achieved in the quantum three-body problem with Coulomb interaction is 10ˉ8 10 ˉ9. This is 1000 times more than the precision of the world constant. It allows to calculate transition energies in the system with the spectroscopic precision. + phe 11

12 Nuclear physics and astrophysics Measurements of nuclear fusion rates at rest ; from a definite initial state. 12

13 Branching ratio R = 3 dd n+ He dd p + t R resonant formation in J=1 state only D 2 HD Measurements of branching ratio R as a function of temperature in D 2 and HD. ddm nonresonant formation in J=1 and J=0 states nonresonant formation in J=0 state only T, K 13 (PSI-PNPI-IMEP-LBNL-TUM-RRC KI collaboration)

14 Muon catalyzed dd radiative capture ddm 4 He + m + g Reaction ddm 4 He + m + g was never studied. Cross section of dd radiative capture is small, relative yield with respect to main fusion channels is G g /G p,n»10-7. Cross section energy and angular dependencies are extremely sensitive to 4 He structure. Low energy data are needed for astrophysical calculations and plasma diagnostics. Indications to a p-wave transition forbidden by isotopic invariance of nuclear forces were obtained from in-flight measurements. We use properties of ddm molecule resonance formation to study this reaction in the p-wave to pin down a forbidden transition. S-factor for d(d,g ) 4 He 14

15 TRITON Gas mixture preparation facility Targets SDT SDT 5,5 5,5 60K K LTT ~22K HPTT K up to 1600 bar 2 modifications HPDT K up to 1500 bar 4 p detector system Readout system based on FADS New data evaluation method 15

16 Intensity I» n/s; Flux F» n/s cm 2 16

17 Hot Fusion d+t 4 He+n mcf Fusion m - +(D/T) dmt 4He+n+m - n (14.1 MeV) + 4 He (3.5 MeV) Plasma ~ 10 8 K ~ cm -3 state temperature density m - molecule < 10 3 K ~ cm -3 17

18 Fission n + U fragments MeV Fusion t + d 4 He + n+17.6 MeV = 4 He (3.5 MeV) + n (14.1 MeV) Tritium Production n+ 6 Li t+ 4 He One neutron is necessary to produce one tritium nucleus. 14 MeV neutron takes ~200 MeV, but it is very productive: in the hot fusion reactor it can produce t + 1 fission Pu, i.e. ~700 MeV; in the mcf-breeder n (14.1 MeV) + U + 6 Li t +1 fission Pu = t MeV. SUMMARY: Fusion Fission Hot fusion breeder mcf - breeder Tritium production 17.6 MeV; 200 MeV; 700 MeV; 1000 MeV; 200 MeV. 18

19 Main Characteristics of μcf-cycles.* ) Цикл Реакции l m, с 1 l f, с 1 w s l ab, с 1 pd pt dd dt tt pm dm pdm pm tm ptm dm ddm dm tm dtm tm l pd l pt l dmd l dt l ttm ttm l pdm l ptm l dtm l f l f w s w s l f l f l f w s 3 He + m - m 3 He + g 4 He + m - m 4 He + g 3 He + n + m - m 3 He + n 4 He + n + m - w s m 4 He + n 4 He + 2n + m - m 4 He + 2n ~ ~ *) l 0 = c -1 is the muon decay rate (mm - e + n ~ m + n% ); e e l m = l pdm, l ddm - are the mesic molecules formation rates (l ddm и l dtm depend on temperature); l f is the nuclear synthesis rate; w s is the sticking probability; l ab isotope exchange rate am + b bm + a; All data are reduced to 300 K and density of liquid hydrogen n 0 = cm -3. w s 19

20 μ muon decay λ0 e + νμ + νe Number of cycles: Y c = l 0 lc + w l s c 20

21 The accuracy 0.1 mev is equivalent DT ~ 1K. 21

22 22

23 ddm resonant formation rates F=3/2 (dm) F +D 2 [(ddm)dee] F=1/2 FIT PARAMETERS THEORY FIT TO EXPERIMENT -e 11 (ev) (3) l fus (10 6 s -1 ) (20) (PSI-PNPI-IMEP-LBNL-TUM-RRC KI collaboration) 23

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27 Systematic studies Rates for LH 2 density 10-7 of muonic Rydberg energy 27

28 Authors Finite size correction DE FS = E dtme - e dtm (dtm)-e 11 - e 1s D E FS ( mev) Syste Harston, Hara, Kino, Shimamura, Kamimura 0.50 ( E (1) ) 1.46 ( E (1) ) This Work (1) + E (2) = (1) + E (2) = ( dtµ ) 1 ( ddµ ) ( dtµ ) ( dtµ ( ddµ ( ddµ

29 Pt kinetics m Gershtein-Wolfenstein effect mp mt (F=1) Spin-flip mt(f=0) Relative population of mt hfs levels is a function of tritium concentration C t ptm I pt =1 I pt =0 M1 M1 E0 Relative population ofpmt hfs levels is a function of C t g +m+ 4 He g +m 4 He m+ 4 He e + +e - +m 4 He 29

30 Energy Transition Time Distance m + t t ~ s e ~ ev mt + d a ~ 10-8 cm t ~ 10-9 s e ~ 1 ev dtm a ~ cm (J=1, v=1) t ~ s e ~ 100 ev dtm a ~ cm (J=1, v=0) t ~ s e ~ 10 МeV 4 He + n+ m a ~ cm In mcf-cycle nuclei approach each other during 10 9 s to the distance ~10 11 cm (what is equivalent to temperature 10 8 K in hot fusion) and fusion takes place without heating and any macroscopic fields. 30

31 CONCLUSION μcf is a nice and beautiful physics and obtained μcf knowledge should not disappear; μcf - community have to prepare the book with the description of μcf - physics, methods, results and applications; I am waiting for the contributions from the authors of this book chapters latest in October 2007; I wish the body health and soul equilibrium to all μcf - community. Good by! 31

Motivation of experiment, preliminary measurements. Overview of MCF prospects and technology applications

I History of muon catalyzed fusion (MCF) MCF measurements in Dubna Method of MCF study Experiment in t+t system II DD-gamma experiment Motivation of experiment, preliminary measurements Background discrimination