High resolution spectroscopy of hypernuclei with γ-ray detectors
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1 High resolution spectroscopy of hypernuclei with γ-ray detectors multi- hypernuclei H-particle Alessandro Feliciello I.N.F.N. - Sezione di Torino
2 Contents 2 Discovery potential of the strangeness nuclear physics Need of sub-mev resolution apparatuses γ-ray spectroscopy Ideas for new experimental apparatuses LNF/DAΦNE2 GSI/HESR
3 Physics output (S=-1) 4 nuclear nuclear models models spectroscopy spectroscopy low-energy low-energy N-Y N-Y interaction interaction neutron neutron rich rich -hypernuclei -hypernuclei n p p n n p p n p p n medium medium effect effect 4B 4B weak weak interaction interaction (weak) (weak) decay decay quark quark substructures substructures
4 Physics output (S=-2) 19 nuclear nuclear models models spectroscopy spectroscopy low-energy low-energy Y-Y Y-Y interaction interaction strangelets strangelets p n n p astrophysics astrophysics H dibaryon dibaryon existence existence (weak) (weak) decay decay S=-2 S=-2 system system g.s. g.s. H particle particle mass mass
5 The status of the art years old old years old old 4 -hypernuclei identified (?) (?) ~ hypernuclei identified
6 Observed -hypernuclei : Danysz et al. 1966: Prowse 10 Be 6 He 13 B (emulsion) (emulsion, Dalitz criticises the interpretation) 1991: KEK-E176 (or, emulsion counter hybrid experiment) 2001: BNL-E : KEK-E : KEK-E373 4 H 6 He 10 Be 10 Be Ξ + 6 C He+ He + t He 5 He + p + π
7 Progress in detection technique 22 Ξ 1966: Prowse + 6 C He Li He 5 He + p + π Ξ : KEK-E373 6 C He + He + t He 5 He + p + π emulsion based experiments provide one one of of the the most most powerful techniques to to measure masses and and binding energies, but but they they are are not not suitable for for systematic studies which require large large statistics
8 -hypernucleus production 23 Ξ - - atomic capture reaction at at rest rest is is one one of of the the most effective way wayto to look look for for double -hypernuclei compound double state: quasi deuteron model: K Ξ Ξ + A Z ( A 1) ( Z 1) Ξ p MeV MeV + Ξ d d + n K- K - + p Ξ K + + q.f. A A + Z ( Z 1) + K Ξ A Z A ( Z 1) + n + high energy high energy K GeV/c
9 24 How to identify a hypernucleus limited target choice (at (at least least for for the the pilot pilot runs) runs) 6 Li, 6 Li, 7 Li, 7 Li, 9 Be, 9 Be, C sequential pionic decay A A' Z Z ' A" Z" main main background Ξ Ξ + π p + π π critical!
10 Expected π momentum spectrum Expected π momentum spectrum 26
11 The status of the art 27 Hypernucleus B [MeV] B [MeV] same event! 10 Be 17.7 ± ± He 10.9 ± ± B 27.6 ± ± Be 8.5 ± ± 0.7! He 7.25 ± ± Be ± B B ( ( A Z ) = B Z) = B one can not to interpret B as binding energy because of: dynamical change of the core nucleus N spin-spin interaction for non-zero spin of core possible excited states A ( ( A A B Z ) + B ( Z) 2B V core A ( 1 Z ) A 1 B Z) B B -<V -<V > if - or intermediate -hypernuclei are produced in excited states: Q-value is difficult to extract (especially for heavy nuclei) nuclear fragments are difficult to identify with usual emulsion technique new concept required! γ-spectroscopy
12 28 Open questions Open questions decay properties: total decay rate lifetime measurements non-mesonic weak decay modes influence of the H-like structure
13 29 S = - 2 systems and H-dibaryon states S = - 2 systems and H-dibaryon states free H-dibaryon H-dibaryon fr H- dibaryon in 10 Be B = 12.2 MeV B = 24 MeV H particle formation can be revealed by a modification of the energy levels of -hypernuclei H particle formation can be revealed by a modification of the energy levels of -hypernuclei
14 30 DAΦNE1 DAΦNE1 e Κ + e stop + + A Z φ A Κ Z Κ + + π L = cm -2 s -1 L = cm -2 s -1
15 DAΦNE2 DAΦNE2 The TheSegmented SegmentedClover CloverDetector Detector BGO Compton suppression shield Ge crystals active collimator (scintillator) Geometrical Geometricalacceptance acceptance reduced reducedto to72% 72% LL c -2 cmm -2ss
16 Expected rates L = cm cm -2-2 s -1-1 FINUDA can can observe ~ ev/h from YN YN g.s. g.s. machine duty cycle: 75% spectrometer acceptance: 72% Ge acceptance: ~ 30% ε Ge : ~ 30% ~ ev/d 5 day data taking ~ ev ev MC MC data data
17 The GSI future upgrade 34 ❶ higher beam intensity (100 (100 ) ) fast fast cycling synchrotrons ❷ higher beam energy (15 (15 ) ) ❸ higher beam quality stochastic and and electron cooling bunch compression (50 (50 ns) ns) ❹ high highparallelism in in operation
18 35 General idea General idea quark-gluon string model (Kaidalov & Volkovitsky) _ Ξ + Ξ
19 36 -hypernucleus GSI p _ 3 GeV/c Capture of ofξ - - in in secondary target target nucleus kaons _Ξ X - capture: Ξ X - p LL + 28 MeV g trigger +28 MeV γ Hyperonantihyperon production at at threshold γ-spectroscopy with with Ge-detectors
20 Expected rates 37 σ (ΞΞ) = pp 2 µ 3 GeV/ c by using, e.g., a 12 C wire target: 2 3 σ (ΞΞ) = A σ pa pp L = = cm cm -2-2 s -1-1 HESR will will produce Ξ - Ξ - ~ Hz Hz joint Ξ - Ξ escape probability: (trigger on Ξ + p Ξ- = MeV/c) Ξ reconstruction efficiency: ~ 50% Ξ - stopping and capture probability: ~20% Ξ - p conversion probability: 5% ~ captured Ξ - - /d /d ~ 150 -hypernuclei /d /d γ-ray emission/event: 50% γ-ray Ge photopeak efficiency: 10% d K + K + trigger ~ 7 golden events / /d ~ 700 events /d /d
21 Competition 38 experiment BNL-AGS E885 BNL-AGS E906 KEK-PS E373 facility JPARC cold antiprotons GSI-HESR reaction (Ξ -, 12 C) 12 B + n 2π decays (K -,K + ) Ξ reaction (K -,K + ) Ξ p p K * K * K * N Ξ K pp ΞΞ device neutron detector arrays Cylindrical Detector System emulsion device spectrometer, Ω = 30 msr vertex detector vertex detector + γ-spectrometer beam/ target K - beam, diamond target K - beam line (K -,K + ) beam / target /s 5 cm 12 C 10 6 stopped p/s L = , thin target, production vertex decay vertex status stopped Ξ - few tens 2π decays of 4 H several hundreds stopped Ξ - Captured Ξ - / day < ~ 3000 ~ KK trigger (incl. trigger)
22 The PANDA detector The PANDA detector 40
23 41 Ge array for hypernuclei detection solid state micro-tracker (diamond or orsilicon) compact: thickness ~ 3 cm cm high high rate ratecapability high high resolution capillar (2D) (2D) or or pixel (3D) (3D) detector position sensitive Ge Gedetector (VEGA or or AGATA like) like) high high rate ratecapability
24 Technological challenges 44 high photopeak efficiency (ε ph 0.3) good angular resolution in order to increase the Doppler correction capability (up to v/c 0.5) high event rate capability fast background rejection operation into high magnetic fields
25 Technological challenges 45 operation in presence of huge hadronic background developing of readout schemes and tracking algorithms to perform high resolution γ spectroscopy notwithstanding high particle fluxes detector response characterization detailed background studies feasibility study for a fast reset circuit based on feedback from charged particle veto detector surrounding the Ge detectors operation into high magnetic field developing of new techniques and procedures to make Ge detectors nearly insensitive to the perturbation
26 Summary 47 The fifty-year-old field of strangeness nuclear physics is still alive and has a great discovery potential Ge γ-ray detectors are ideal tools to complement traditional magnetic spectrometer By exploiting the potentialities of the new GSI and Jparc facilities, a large number of -hypernuclei will be produced, allowing a significative step forward in multi-strange system knowledge 2013 will be the 50 th anniversary of -hypernucleus discovery: we could successfully celebrate it with a long series of fundamental questions solved
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