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1 2003,35 (6) : Acta Psychologica Sinica (, ), : (1), (2),,, B848 ;B842 1 [1 ],,,, [2 ],,,, [2 ],1995 Greenwald [2 ], Greenwald Farnham,, [3 ],,, [4,5 ],,,,, [6,7 ], [8 ],,,,?? ( Im2 plicit Association Test, IAT) [9 ] [10,11 ], [12 ] :, :, ;,,,,,,,, : :, E - mail : com. 796

2 6 : , [13 ], : Rosenberg Rosenberg,,Dobson Fleming : [13 ] ;, Coopersmith, ( r = , n = 176) [14 ] r = 0. 76, ; Coopersmith 0. 36, ( FIS) 0. 68, Coopersmith ( Self - Esteem In2 ventory, SEI) Coopersmith Rosenberg [13 ], , [14 ] r = 0. 73, 0. 76,, FIS 0. 33, Rosenberg 0. 36, ( the Feeling of Inadequacy Scale, FIS) Janis field 1959, Fleming Shavelson, Fleming Courtney : , [13 ], 0. 87,, Rosenberg 0. 68, Coopersmith [15 ], ( IAT), (evaluative) IAT 1, (affective) IAT 2,,, Green2 wald IAT [3,16 ] IAT : ; : IAT 1 (attributive words), : ; : IAT 2 (affective words), : ; : IAT, 1 ( E I ), ( I ), ( E ) ; (target - concept) ( E I ), ( I ), ( E ) ;,,, ( I ), ( E ) ;, ( I ), ( E ) ; ( I ), ( E ),,,,,,,,, [3,16 ],

3 798 35, ( ),,, 1 IAT 1 E E (Associated attribute discrimination) I I 2 E E ( Initial target - concept discrimination) I I 3 E, E, ( Initial combined task), I, I 4 E E (Reversed target - concept discrimination) I I 5 E, E, (Reversed combined task), I, I 2. 4 IAT, Inquisite IAT, IAT,,,,, foxpro5. 0,, 3, Greenwald [9 ], 3000ms 3000ms, 300ms 300ms, 20 %,,,, ( n = 90, :ms) IAT 1 IAT 2 M SD ,,,, ;,,,, IAT t, : IAT 1, ( t = , df = 89, p = ) ; IAT 2, ( t = , df = 89, p = ),,, 2, IAT 1 IAT 2, (effect size) : d 1 = 0. 88, d 2 = IAT 1,,,,,, IAT 2, IAT 1,, , IAT

4 6 : 799,, IAT, IAT,, 4 3 ( n = 90) R C F IAT 1 IAT 2 M SD :R : Rosenberg, C: Coopersmith, F :, 4 F C R IAT 1 IAT 2 F C R IAT IAT : 3 p < 0. 05, 3 3 p < ,,,,,,,, 1, ( 1) ;, 2 ( 2),, Lisrel 8114,, 1 : 2 = ( df = 4, p = 0. 19),GFI = 0. 97,AGFI = 0. 91,NFI = 0. 92, CFI = 0. 97,RMR = 0. 06, RMSEA = 0. 08, 2 : 2 = ( df = 5, p = 0. 00),GFI = 0. 89,AGFI = 0. 67,NFI = 0. 66, CFI = 0. 68,RMR = 0. 13,RMSRA = 0. 25,, 1,,, ,, Greenwald 2000 [3 ], ,

5 800 35,,,,,,, :, ;,, ;,,, [7 ] ( self - regard), [6 ],, 3, 3,,,,, , Greenwald [3 ] ( r = ), IAT, ; ( r = 0. 22), Green2 wald ( r = 0. 28), 5, : (1), (2) 1 Smesler N J. Self - esteem and social problems. An introduction. In : A M Mecca, N J Smelser, J Vasconcellos ed. The social importance of self - esteem. Berkeley : University of California Press, Greenwald A G, Banaji M R. Implicit Social Cognition : Attitudes, Self - Esteem and Stereotypes. Psychological Review,1995,102 (1) : Greenwald A G, Farham S D. Using the implicit association test to mea2 sure self - esteem and self - concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79 (6) : Wilson T D, Lindsey S et al. A Model of Dual Attitudes. Psychological Review, 2000, 107 (1) : Koole S L, Dijksterhuis A P, Van Knippenberg. What s in a name : Implicit self - esteem and the automatic self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001, 80 (4) : Heine S J, Lehman D R, Markus H R, Shinobu Kitayama. In there a universal need for positive self - regard? Psychological Review,1999, 106 (4) : Yang Z F, Gao S R. Chinese & Chinese mind : personality & society. Hongkong : Yuan - Liou Publishing Co.,Ltd, (,.., ) 8 Xia J Z. Cultural anthropological theory the history of cultural re2 search. Beijing : People University of China Press, (.. :, ) 9 Greenwald A G, Jordan E M, Schwartz L K. Measuring individual dif2 ferences in implicit cognition : the implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, 74 (5) : Cai HJ, Zhou Y, Shi Q H. Implicit Association Test and its application on sex role stereotype research. Journal of Social Psychology, 2001,48 (4) : 6 11 (,,..,2001,48 :6 11) 11 Cai H J, Yang Z L. Using IAT to study the structure of gender self - concept. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2002, 34 (2) : (,.., 2002,34 (2) : ) 12 Bosson J K, Swann W B, Pennebaker J W. Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self - esteem : the blind and the elephant revisited?journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79 (4) : Robinson, Shaver, Wrightsman. Translated by Yang Y Y, Peng S Q. Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Hongkong Yuan - Liou Publishing Co,Ltd, (Robinsn, Shaver, Wrightsman.,... :, ) 14 Zhang W X. The character of middle - school students self - esteem. Psychological Science, 1997, 20 (6) : (..,1997,20 (6) : ) 15 Mruk C J. Self - esteem : Research, Theory, and Practice. 2nd Edi2 tion. New York : Springer Publishing Company, Farnham S D, Greenwald A G. Banaji, M R.. Implicit self - esteem.

6 6 : 801 In : Abrams D, Hogg M A ed. Social Identity and Social Cognition. Blackwell Publishers, THE EFFECT OF IMPLICIT SELF - ESTEEM AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXPL ICIT SELF2ESTEEM AND IMPL ICIT SELF2ESTEEM Cai Huajian ( Department of Psychology, East China Normal University, Shanghai , China) Abstract Both an evaluative Implicit Association Test ( IAT) and an affective one were designed to measure implicit self2esteem. 90 undergraduates took both IATs and also accepted three explicit self2esteem measures : the Self2Esteem Scale ( SES, Rosenberg, 1965),the Feeling of Inadequacy Scale( FIS, Janis, Field,1959),the Self2Esteem Inventory( SEI, Coopersmith,1967). Then Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out to explore the structure of implicit self2esteem and explicit self2esteem. The results showed : (1) the effect of Implicit Association Test was significant which means that eastern individuals hold a positive evaluation to themselves unconciously and IAT was valid to detect the effect ; (2) Implicit self2esteem and explicit self2esteem were different traits, the correlation between them was positive andlow. Key words implicit self2esteem, explicit self2esteem, Implicit Association Test ( IAT).

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