a. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai

Transcription

1 Sulementary Information Periodic fluctuation of reference evaotransiration during the ast five decades: Does Evaoration Paradox really exist in China? Wanqiu Xing a,b, Weiguang Wang a, b *, Quanxi Shao c, Zhongbo Yu a, Tao Yang a,b, Jianyu Fu a,b a. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing , China b. College of Water Resources and Hydrology, Hohai University, Nanjing , China c. CSIRO Data 61, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia *Corresonding author: Dr. Weiguang Wang wangweiguang006@126.com; wangweiguang006@gmail.com The Sulementary Information included in our aer comrises: 1. Sulementary Table S1-S3. 3. Sulementary Figure S1-S9. 1

2 Sulementary Table S1 Before and after the first 11 rotate rincial comonents of the variance contribution (%) Comonent Before rotation After rotation % of Variance Cumulative % % of Variance Cumulative %

3 Sulementary Table S2 Contributions of climate factors to the trends in annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) in the eight climatic regions Sub-region Variables Periods Sub-region Variables Periods EC SE SW CALC CALC CALC C_(T) C_(T) C_(RH) C_(RH) C_(U) -6-2 CALC C_(U) C_(Rn) C_(Rn) NC C_(ET0) C_(ET0) Trend(ET0) Trend(ET0) % % Dominating Factor Rn RH Dominating Factor U U RH Rn C_(T) C_(T) C_(RH) C_(RH) C_(U) CALC C_(U) C_(Rn) C_(Rn) NW C_(ET0) C_(ET0) Trend(ET0) Trend(ET0) % % Dominating Factor Rn RH Dominating Factor U U RH C_(T) C_(T) C_(RH) C_(RH) NP C_(U) CALC C_(U) C_(Rn) C_(Rn) C_(ET0) C_(ET0)

4 Sub-region Variables Periods Sub-region Variables Periods Trend(ET0) Trend(ET0) % % Dominating Factor Rn RH Dominating Factor U RH T C_(T) C_(T) C_(RH) C_(RH) CALC C_(U) CALC C_(U) TP C_(Rn) C_(Rn) NE C_(ET0) C_(ET0) Trend(ET0) Trend(ET0) % % Dominating Factor U U RH Dominating Factor RH U RH U Note : CALC: calculated trends by equation (10); the unit is given in mm yr 2. and mean error and relative error to observed trends, resectively. See Figure 1 for descritions of climatic regions. 4

5 Sulementary Table S3 Calibration of the Angstrom coefficients for the 51 stations with radiation observations WMO Station as bs R 2 WMO Station Number Name Number Name as bs R Hailaer Dalian Jiamusi Jinan Harbin Lhasa Altay Yushu Ghulja Changdu Urumqi Lijiang Turan Kunming Kashgar Jinghong Ruoqiang Zhengzhou Hotan Yichang Hami Wuhan Dunhuang Changsha Minqin Guiyang Geermu Guilin Xining Ganzhou Erenhot Gushi Datong Nanjing Yinchuan Hefei Taiyuan Hangzhou Tongliao Nanchang Changchun Fuzhou Yanji Guangzhou Chaoyang Shantou Shenyang Nanning Beijing Haikou Tianjin

6 50N 50N (B) 50N 50N (D) 50N 50N (E) (F) 50N 50N (G) (H) Sulementary Fig. S1. First 8 REOF modes of ET 0 with about 73.7% of total variation first mode with about 18.7 of total variation (B) second mode with about 11.9 of total variation third mode with about 1 of total variation (D) fourth mode with about 8.9 of total variation (E) fifth mode with about 7.2 of total variation (F) sixth mode with about 6.4 of total variation (G) seventh mode with about 5.9 of total variation (H) eighth mode with about 3.7 of total variation. This figure was created using the Golden Software Surfer 8.0 (htt:// 6

7 20 N Sloe Sloe (B) 20 N 20 N Sloe (decreasing) (increasing) mm y -1 /y Sulementary Fig. S2. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the second sub-region (SE) during the three eriods (A: ; B: ; and C: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 7

8 Sloe Sloe (B) Sloe (decreasing) (increasing) mm y -1 /y Sulementary Fig. S3. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the third sub-region (SW) during the three eriods (A: ; B: ; and C: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 8

9 75 E 80 E 85 E 90 E 95 E Sloe Sloe 85 E 90 E 95 E 75 E 80 E 85 E 90 E 95 E Sloe (B) Sloe (D) 85 E 90 E 95 E (decreasing) (increasing) mm y -1 /y Sulementary Fig. S4. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the fourth sub-region (TP) during the four eriods (A: ; B: ; C: and D: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 9

10 Sloe Sloe (E) Sloe (B) Sloe (D) Sloe mm y -1 /y (decreasing) (increasing) Sulementary Fig. S5. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the fifth sub-region (NC) during the five eriods (A: ; B: ; C: ; D: ; and E: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 10

11 80 E 85 E 90 E 95 E 0.3 Sloe 0.1 (B) 80 E 85 E 90 E 95 E Sloe 50 N Sloe (D) Sloe 50 N 85 E 90 E 95 E 85 E 90 E 95 E (decreasing) (increasing) mm y -1 /y Sulementary Fig. S6. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the sixth sub-region (NW) during the four eriods (A: ; B: ; C: ; and D: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 11

12 125 E 125 E Sloe Sloe 125 E (B) (D) Sloe Sloe 125 E mm y -1 /y (decreasing) (increasing) Sulementary Fig. S7. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) and significance levels of the change in the seventh sub-region (NP) during the four eriods (A: ; B: ; C: ; and D: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// 12

13 50 N 50 N 50 N 125 E 130 E 135 E Sloe 125 E Sloe Sloe 130 E and significance levels of the change in the eighth sub-region (NE) during the five eriods (A: ; B: ; C: ; D: ; and E: ). (decreasing) and (increasing) are the values of the decrease and increase in the annual reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ), resectively, which are divided into three levels: < 1, 1 < < 5, and > 5. The insets show the frequency distributions of change trends of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ) (left) and different significance levels (right). This figure was created using the ArcGIS 9.3 (htt:// E 130 E 135 E Sloe 125 E (E) Sloe 130 E (B) (D) 50 N 50 N mm y -1 /y (decreasing) (increasing) Sulementary Fig. S8. Satial distributions of the change rate of reference evaotransiration (ET 0 )

14 Figure S9 Relationshi between an evaoration (ET an ) and reference evaotransiration (ET 0 ). 14