Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of Surface/Subsurface Flow at field scale

Transcription

1 680 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH 203 Expmal Sudy ad Numcal Modlg of Sufac/Subsufac Flo a fld scal L Zhu Ky Laboaoy of Effc Igao-Daag ad Agculual Sol-Wa Eom Souh Cha (Hoha Usy) Msy of Educao, Najg 20098, Cha Emal: hhzhul@hhu.du.c Ddog Lu Shadog Suy ad Dsg Isu of Wa Cosacy, Ja, 25003,Cha Emal: as_lu@foxmal.com Chgl Zhu Ky Laboaoy of Effc Igao-Daag ad Agculual Sol-Wa Eom Souh Cha(Hoha Usy) Msy of Educao, Najg 20098, Cha Emal: clz@hhu.du.c Absac Iflao hch occud h pocss of uoff o famlad sufac causs h casg of sol mosu usauad zo. I s cssay o comphd h dyamc pocss dug famlad uoff pocss, aalyz h couplg mchasm of a mom ad solu aspo amog sufac/subsufac zo. I hs pap, a physcally-basd, spaally-dsbud modl as bul fo smulao of sufac/subsufac flo ad h acos b o domas. Th sysm s psd by h h-dmsoal sauad usauad flo quao fo h subsufac, coupld h h dffuso a quao fo olad flo, Goud sufac uss a h gd scal s copoad a h cocp of do soag. Th sysm of quaos s dsczd usg a fully mplc pocdu, h h No-Raphso mhod o hadl o-lay of h quaos. I od o assss hs modlg appoach, h smulaos compad h h xpm suls. I shos ha h modl ca smula h pocss of famlad uoff poduco ad sol a mom accualy. Fally, Sascs ad mass balac aalyss as also pfomd o xam h modl accuacy ad spos o chags of spcfc pu daa. Idx Tms agculual olad flo; sol a; couplg; gao of quao I. INTRODUCTION Maagm of sufac ad gouda qualy has mgd as a omal poblm, paculaly agculual ashds, h cojuc us of a fo agculu ad huma ds, pss a majo poblm. Modlg s h mos cos ffc mas of dmg h mpac of maagm alas o a soucs. Th a alady som modls o comb h sufac hydologcal ad gouda flo, such as SWAP, MIKE SHE, ad SWAT modl. Th upp bouday of SWAP modl s pla caopy ad h boom bouday s gouda sysm. Sol a flo s sold usg Rchad's quao h dffal foma. Th ahmc s mpod compad h podd by Va Dam J C al. Chaacscs of hadlg aspao a o calcula h sol apoao ad cop aspao spaaly. MIKE SHE s a fuh dlopd modl o h bass of SHE modl podd by Dash Hydaulc Isu h aly 90s of las cuy, s dly usd souc ad omal ssus lad o sufac a, gouda, ad h dyamc acos 2-5. Sgh al cad a mahmacal modl o smulao of slop uoff combg sufac ad udgoud a flo 6. Fo sufac uoff, d Sa- Va quao ad smpl xplc umcal mhod hou sg (ENO) as usd, ad fo subsufac a flo, o-dmsoal Rchad's quao ad fully mplc f dffc umcal mhod as usd.i ca b usd o sudy o-dmsoal ffcs poducd by o-ufom faus of udgoud ad o dal h complx udgoud codos. Sophoclous al also combd SWAT h MODFLOW ad dlopd SWATMOD modl, ag flao flo oo lay calculad by SWAT as gouda chag of MODFLOW 7. Gadolf al bul coupld modl basd o odmsoal shallo a quao ad o-dmsoal Rchads quao, usg jo calculus, xplc f dffc ad MacComac polao abl, h modl ca b usd o smula dy sol al sufac codos ad h cas h chagg al a co, ad spaal aao chaacscs such as slop, oughss, sol hydaulc pops ad so o 8. Paday al sablshd hydologcal aluao hch ca b usd dff scal 9. I coupld h-dmsoal sauad - usauad gouda flo ad dffuso a quao of sufac flo, ag a ss of modls of s, chals ad hydaulc sucus accou. Bxo al aluad fld capacy ud ca codos h 203 ACADEMY PUBLISHER do:0.4304/js

2 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH FLOW3D ad aalyzd h coco h sufac flo ha as smulad usg DEM SURF ROUTE modl basd o DEM mod 0-2. I Cha, som sachs also mad. XIE X m al poposd a ufd modl of sufac a ad gouda h asfomao amog amosphc a, sufac a, sol a ad goud a 3. Wu ag al aalyzd aco of h aquf h smulaous soluo of a sufac s odmsoal usady gadually ad flo ad gouda ma h-dmsoal usady flo quaos 4. Jag R al aluad aspoao pocsss ad loss fluxs of og ad phosphoous hough som uoff a ypcal small ashd h hlly aa of pupl sol 5. Yag JL al aalyzd Dyamc chags of og ad phosphous losss phmal uoff pocsss by ypcal som s Schua Bas, Souhs Cha 6. I hs pap, h modl as bul basg o h physcal mchasm of famlad sufac uoff ad h hoy of a mom usauad sol. Ud ca codo of afall, h famlad sufac uoffa mom usauad sol a flo couplg modl s lad o sol physcal paams, gao ad daag ad cop goh sag. I h cox of sug h a balac amog afall, famlad sufac a, sol a ad goud a chagg, h modl ca dscb h sufac uoff poduco pocss of famlad gao. B. Expmal Dsg ad Dschag Obsao Th ams dsgd basd o h dff aagm of fld daag dch (Fgu ). Th am a has o daag dch ad o daag dch 2, h am b has o daag dch ad h daag dch 2, ad h am c has o daag dch ad fou daag dch 2. Each am plo a 224m2 aa,68m log, 3m d, ad has a aag slops of /500 alog h log dgs(opogaphy chagd fom hgh o lo h as) ad /2000 alog h sho dgs (opogaphy chagd fom hgh o lo h oh). Th scoal dmsos of daag dch ach am a 30cm 25cm(dh hgh), ad 30cm 25cm(dh hgh) of daag dch 2. Zhogzh No.6 ay of ssam asd h am plos ly h 2 dsy of 80,000/ hm. Th sol bms h h hgh 30-40cm b xpm flds as bd up ad plasc flm alog h bms as bud h h dph abou 70cm o duc h fluc by laal laag. S daag oul ach plo. La oly o da oul h as (A, A2 ad A3 Fgu ). Coc h daag oul o h cyldcal a m by PVC pp o co fo al-m obsao ad collc a sampls. II. EXPERIMENT AND METHODS A. Sudy Aa Th sudy aa s locad Lshu, Jagsu Poc, a agculual go of Bama fo R ashd (3 34 N, 9 0 E). Th aa has a asy mosoo clma fom Noh subopcal o Cal subopcal h a ma aual mpau of 5.4, a aual afall of 087.4mm, abou 52.6% of hch falls fom Ju o Spmb. Th sol sudy famlad s aloggd paddy sol (physcal ad chmcal pops of sol s sho Tabl I). Th cop maagm of sdg, gao ad flzao h sudy aa a follod h plag cusom of local fam. Th daag sysm of hol aa mad good pfomac. Fally, fam afall uoff flos o h ma oad of daag sysm-bama fo R maly by daag dch ad pod sysm. TABLE I. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL PROFILE IN DRY LAND AREA Sol lay Aabl lay plo pa Sol dph (cm) P H Pacl sz dsbuo (%) Sa Sl Cla d y Sol bul dsy (g/cm3) ACADEMY PUBLISHER

3 682 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH 203 Fgu. Schmac dagam of xpm aa Obs h hol pocss of afall by usg slfgsg spho-yp a gaug (yp SJ). Kp afall cods y 0 m. Wh h hlp of sopach ad cyldcal a m, al-m moo of h sufac uoff pocss of ach am as coducd by usg olumc mhods. Obsao sad fom afall bgg ad coud hough h hol pocss of sufac uoff. I h mam, mphass of obsao s h aao of sufac uoff as h chag of afall a h h fqucy of -0m p m. III. MODEL DESCRIPTION A. Ioduco Mahmacal modlg of olad flo ols h soluo of h gog quaos fo boh h sufac flo ad h gouda flo by h o physcal mchasm. W should g comphs cosdao o h ladfom, hydomoology, sol gao, c. Also h aco amog hydogologcal codo, goud a ad sufac a should b cosdd. Th sufac flo quao s sold o a 2-D f-lm msh sacd upo a subsufac gd h solg fo boh domas (.. h x- ad y-locaos of ods a h sam fo ach lay of ods), as sho Fgu 2. Fo supposo, h gd gad fo h subsufac doma s mod aally fo h sufac flo ods, h sufac flo od laos cospodg o h op lao of h opmos ac lay of h subsufac gd. Fgu. 2. Spaal dsczao of h sufac flo sysm ad s coco o h subsufac 7-8. B. Mahmacal Modl of Sol Wa Mom Th quao of h-dmsoal sauadusauad sol a mom (Rchad s quao) sasfs flo couy h-dmsos boh h sauad ad usauad zos of h subsufac, ca b xpssd as h G KjK ± ( ss) x xj θ () h x, y, ad z a Casa coodas [L] K ; j s h pcpal compos of hydaulc coducy alog h x, y, ad z axs, spcly [ LT ] K ; s h la pmably hch s a fuco of a sauao as podd by h la pmably cu[- ]; hg s h hydaulc had of h subsufac flo sysm [L] ; s a olumc flux p u olum of h subsufac doma ad pss soucs ad/o ss of a, o h flux p u olum of subsufac fom h 2-D olad flo doma [ L ] ; θ S s sauao 3 3 mosu co [ L L ] ; S s h dg of a sauao ad s dmd by h mosu o cu as a fuco of h pssu had, ψ ( ψ h g z h z odal lao a cally upad cooda sysm). A fucoal fom of h mosu o cu s g by a Guch as S 0 S foψ < S β γ [ + ( αψ ) ] S foψ 0 (2) Fucoal foms of h la pmably cu a podd by a Guch as K S / 2 / m m [ ( S ) ] 2 Wh, S s h ffc a sauao ; S (3) s h sdual a sauao; α ad β a fg paams; γ β. S S S S (4) m β, > (5) Th a Guch fucos fo h mosu o ad la pmably chaacscs may b obad by cu-fg o laboaoy masums, by colao o sol yp, o by cosulg sols daabass. C. Sufac Flo Modl Th sufac uoff h sudy aa s flucd by y a. Th mom of h uoff blogs o h yp of sloly ayg usabl flo. I cosdao of h fac ha:. Th dsbuo of hydodyamc pssu ad hydosac pssu a almos h sam. 2. Th saml cuau of uoff s small, bascally paalll. 3. Th fcoal ssac b a ad bouday ad fcoal ssac b a ad a s h ma dsspao po. 4. Th scal of ll mom s lag ha cal mom. Ad h cal locy ad cal acclao of flo ca b god. Basd o h assumpos, ag h o-dmsoal Sa-Va quaos h momum m god (o-dmsoal shallo a quaos) o dscb sufac uoff mom. hs hs hs ( d s sx ) ( d s sy ) + d s GS + S 0 x x y y (6) 203 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

4 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH Wh hs s sufac alud [L] h d + z z ); s s goud alud [L]; d s s a ( s s s sy dph[l]; s s souc-s m[lt-]; sx ad a lad sufac coduco coffc x dco ad y dco[lt-]; sx ad sy ca b accoud spcly by h o fomula as follos: sx 2/3 ds [ h / s] Wh x ad x s /2 sy 2/3 ds [ h / s] y s /2 (7) y a Mag oughss coffc s h lad x dco ad y dco [L-/3T]; sufac omal co coduco coffc of bouday [LT-]; S s a flux of bouday [LT-]. D. Dsczd Flo Equaos ad Flo Iaco b To Domas 7-8 Usg h cool olum f lm mhod, h fully mplc m ghg, h follog dsczd poous mdum flo quao s obad 7-8 : L ( θ ) ( θ ) ss ss Δ (8) ( ) γ ( h h ) ( Γ ) ± h: ( j+ /2) j Gj G x h ψ + z G G γ N K N d j j ad: Fo polao fuco N df fo h 3-D poous mdum lms ad h h 3-D olum assocad h a g od s g by: Nd /2 Fo upsam ghg, h j + alus a g by: j + /2 j + /2 j γ ( h h) > 0 f j j γ ( h h) < 0 f j j Th dsczd 2-D sufac flo quao s: L a ( h ) ( ) s hs Δ ( ) γ ( h h ) + d Γ a ± q o s ( j+ /2) sj sj s s s s (9) η h o s h s of sufac ods cocd o h sufac od hough h 2-D sufac lms ad h: ad: ho do + zo γ N K N da oj a o j h polao fuco N df fo h 2-D sufac lm. Th 2-D aa assocad h a g sufac od s g by: a Nda Fo upsam ghg, h o j /2 alus a g by: ( ) + o j /2 oj ( ) + o j /2 o f ( ) + γ ( h h ) > 0 oj oj o γ ( h h ) < 0 oj oj o f Fom sol a flo mom dsc quao (sho fomula (8), ca s ha od I has doubl chaac of h o zos f od I s shad by h sol ad sufac. Psum ha, fo h sol a flo + mom dsc quao of od I, Γ L x coas a xchag m of h o zos. Bu fo h dsc quao of sufac, d 0Γ0 a s h xchag m of h o zos, fomula (9) ca b sho as follos : L a d ( ) ( ) oγ o a ho ho Δ (0) ( ) γ ( h h ) ± q o o ( j+ /2) oj oj o o Subsug (8) o (0) lads o h gad quao of o domas: L ( θ ) ( θ ) ss ss Δ ( ) ( j+ /2) γj ( hgj hg ) ± () L a (( h ) ( ) s hs Δ ( ) γ ( h h ) ± q ) o s ( j+ /2) sj sj s s Fully mplc couplg of h sufac ad subsufac flo gms pods a gal of h mom of a, as opposd o h adoal dso of sufac ad subsufac gms. Flux acoss h lad sufac s, hfo, a aual al pocss allog a o mo b h sufac ad subsufac flo sysms as god by local flo hydodyamcs, sad of usg physcally afcal bouday codos a h fac. IV. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERS ESTIMATION A. Ial ad Bouday Codos Th upp bouday of h h ams ha mod bfo adop amosphc bouday. Th afall pocss s as sho Fgu 3. S h los of h lad sufac po A,A2 ad A3 as h ccal dph daag bouday. Th ccal dph (CD) codo focs h dph a h bouday o b qual o 203 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

5 684 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH 203 h ccal dph, as ould occu a f-fall boudas. Th dschag ( 0 ) p u dh a h ccal dph bouday s g by o Ial sol a co as a fom h masud alu bfo h xpm o July, 200 by la polao. B. Hydodyamc Paams Sol a chaacsc paams(tabl II) ca b obad by h aalogy b h acual sol a chaacsc cu ad h daabas of sol a chaacsc cus podd by Hydus-2D. Th hydodyamc paams of fld sufac ad daag dch calbad by h compaso b uoff poduco pocss of am c ad h smulao suls (Fgu 4), I h sag of modl calbag, h uoff olum laly o coud s lss ha 20% hch sasfd h dmads of modlg. Th la o s 0.47%, hch s small ad accpabl. Smulao paams adopd h smulao a lsd Tabl III. TABLE II. gd 3 o SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS paams loam sauao mosu co θ s 0.45 sdual a sauao θ sauad hydaulc coducy K/m m β.4 α /m TABLE III. HYDRAULIC PARAMETER OF LAND SURFACE AND RILL DRAINAGE Mag coffc a soag hgh /s m-/3 of ll daag /cm fld sufac daag dch daag dch Pcpao(cm3/h) (m) E E E E E E+06 Fgu 3. A pcoal dagam of pcpao pocsso Dschag(cm3/h) 4.65E E E+06.6E (m) Fgu 4. Th compaso of xpmal daa (do) ad smulad cu (l) of am c V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Smulao Rsuls Fgu 5 xpsss h compaso of xpmal daa (do) ad smulad cu (l) of h dschag. I s dcad ha smulad suls fom h poposd umcal modl ha good agms o h masud daa. Th a mosu ha as smulad of h sol pofl s sauad as h sam as xpm obsao. B. Sascs ad Mass Balac Aalyss I od o sma h accuacy of h modl smulao sul, sascs aalyss has b coducd. Sascs aalyss of h modl pfomac cluds h dmao of h oo ma squa o (RMSE) ad h la RMSE (RRMSE) fo h slcd pas of daa (smulao alus ad masud alus). 2 ( ) / RMSE P O RRMSE RMSE / O a 00 (2) (3) PO, h a smulao suls ad obsao alu spcly, s h umb of smulao suls O ad obsao alu, a s aag of obsao alu. Accodg o h sascal aalyss b obsd ad calculad alus of dschag shos ha h s a sascally sgfca laoshp b hm. Th small RRMSE dcas h small daos b masud ad smulad alus. A good agm b obsd ad smulad alus of dschag s obad. Mass balac calculao s do af solg fo flud flo. I as pfomd by fs compug h oal mass chag h doma fo a g m sp. Th mass g o lag h doma hough h boudas o hough al soucs ad ss s h compud ad s compad o h oal mass chag, podg h mass balac chc fo h smulao. Th a balac fomao fo h go cosss of h acual olum of a, V, ha go, ad h 203 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

6 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH a, O, of flo o ouflo o o fom h go. V ad O a g by θ + θ j + θ V A 3 (4) V Vold O Δ θ θ spcly, h, j ad θ a a cos aluad a h co ods of lm, ad h V V ad old a olums of a h go compud a h cu ad pous m lls, spcly. Th summao (4) s a o all lms h h go. Th accuacy of h umcal soluo s aluad ε [%] ms of h la o, balac as follos: ε a ε max[ V V ], L T d + 0 a 0 0 Γ, h a mass % d] (5) V Wh ad V 0 a h olums of a lm a ms ad zo, spcly. Tabl IV sho a balac aalyss of h smulao, ca b s ha h la o s lss ha 5% of h hol a mass. Tha ma sul smulad by hs modl s asoabl. TABLE IV WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS OF THE SIMULATION Im a b c Rla o (%) C. Paam Ssbly Aalyss I od o xam h modl spos o chags of spcfc pu daa, a ssy aalyss of h modl as pfomd. Th modl cluds 5 ma paams, ha s θ, θ s, α,, K. I hs pap, h paam ha as usd h smulao as plus 0% (Tabl V) ad h aalyss h paam ssbly. Bas o h smulao, h ssy aalyss as pfomd o assss h ffc poducd by a g aao of h pu daa o h modl oupu, Ta a mphass calcula o h fluc of dschag. Amog hs paams, h sol a chaacsc paams ha h majo fluc o h smulao suls. Th modl shos h hghs ssy o Mag coffc. Thfo, a pop assssm of sufac chaacsc paams s y mpoa fo h aoal us of h modl bcaus hs paams aly ca b masud dcly ad mosly adopd by xpc. Th modl s lss flucd by h sdual a sauao paams.. Rgadg h modl ssy, ga ao should b pay o h sol a chaacsc paams xcp sdual a sauao. Dschag(cm3/h) Dschag(cm3/h) 5.8E E E E+06.6E E E E E+06.6E+06 (m) (m) Fgu 5. Th compaso of xpmal daa (do) ad smulad cu (l) of am a ad am b TABLE V SENSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF MAIN PARAMETER OF THE MODEL umb paam alu ad compuao suls sauao mosu co θs sdual a sauao subsufac θ sauad hydaulc coducy K/m m- α /m Mag sufac coffc /s m-/ h dschag chag (adop absolu alu) 2.26% 0.95%.78%.49% 4.08% D. Dscusso I h pas, h popula modls of famlad uoff yld a o alays suabl fo h ps suao codos of agculual culao Cha. Ruoff yld modls basd maly o mpcal modl ad sascal modl. Fo h famlad uoff hch has d aa of dsbuo ad ga dff of yps, paam calbao ad goal dffcs had lmd applcao of modl. I should b sad ha h fld hch has small aa, fla fld sufac ad bud coolld, hos uoff pocss s laly smpl. I od o ma asy o paccal applcao, had o 203 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

7 686 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH 203 sudy o h physcal modl of famlad uoff ud h codo of gao ad daag, ad dscb h sufac uoff poduco pocss of famlad gao accualy. Combd gouda dyamcs h sol a dyamcs ad solu aspos poous mda hoy, cosdg h mass balac mass coso of solu b sol sysm ad sufac uoff sysm, o buld h aalyss modl of hoy s h y poblm hch ds o fuh mpo a ps. I ca o oly p h mchasm of maal asfomao b sol sysm ad sufac uoff h hoy, bu also ca sol h malady by usg mpcal modl ad sascal modl dug sudy o h dspso gao ad daag fld h h sascal paams s dffcul o masu. VI. CONCLUSION I hs sudy, a cojuc sufac-subsufac umcal modl s dlopd fo h smulao of olad flo. Th modl cluds a fully h dmsoal soluo fo sauad usauad flo h subsufac coupld h o dmsoal soluos fo sufac-a flo; h poposd cojuc modl s fd usg xpmal daa. Th ably of h poposd modl o hadl complx subsufac codos s dmosad hough h umcal smulao suds. Coasg h h xpm sul, shos ha h modl ca smula h pocss of famlad uoff poduco ad sol a mom accualy. Compaso b masud ad calculad alus as ll as mass balac aalyss dcad ha h modl s labl ad ca b usd o pdc a mom sufac/subsufac. Smpl modl ssy aalyss ca gud h choc of pu daa alus. Th aalyss shos ha h modl s mo ss o h sol a chaacsc paams bu lss o h hydaulc paam of lad sufac. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Ths sach as facally suppod by gas of h Naoal Naual Scc Foudao of Cha (No , ), h 973 pojc, h Naoal Basc Rsach Pogam of Cha (No. 200CB9502),h Fudamal Rsach Fuds fo h Cal Uss (No. 2009B0924), Collg suds' pacc oao ag pogams (No. NJ20004) REFERENCES [] Va Dam J C, Fdds R A Numcal smulao of flao, apoao ad shallo gouda lls h h Rchads quao. Joual of Hydology. 233: [2] Rfsgaad J C, Ssh S M, Bahus J C, Elch M, Som B, Jogs G H, Chada S Applcao of h SHE o cachm Ida-Pa: Gal suls[j]. Joual of Hydology. 40: -23. [3] DHI Valdao of hydologcal modls, Phas II[M]. Dash Hydaulc Isu, Hosholm. [4] DHI MIKE SHE WM sho dscpo[m]. [5] Rfsgaad J C, Som B. MIKE SHE A.995. I: Sgh V P, Compu Modls Washd Hydology[C], chap 23, Wa Rsouc Publcao,. [6] Sgh V.Bhallamud S M Cojuc Sufac Subsufac Modlg of Olad Flo. Adacs a soucs. 2: [7] Sophoclous M A, Koll J K, Godaaju R S, Bd T, Ramddyga S R, Ps SP Igad umcal modlg fo bas-d a maagm: Th cas of h Ralsa C bas souh-cal Kasas. Joual of Hydology. 24(-4): [8] Gadolf C. Sa F A Mahmacal Modl Fo Th Coupld Smulao Of Sufac Ruoff Ad Iflao. J. agc. Egg Rs. 75: [9] Paday S. Huyao P S A fully coupld physcallybasd spaally-dsbud modl fo aluag sufac/subsufac flo. Adacs a soucs. 27: [0] Bxo A C. Olad S. Paco C. Pu M Coupld sufac uoff ad subsufac flo modl fo cachm smulaos. 2006: [] Paco C. Fas S. Pu M. al. 994.Th- Dmsoal cods fo smulag gouda coamao: FLOW3D, Flo Sauad ad Usauad Poous mda. I: P.Za(d.), Poc. Eosof 94, CMP, Souhampo UK: [2] Olad S. Mac M. Paco C Local cobuo o flao xcss uoff fo a cocpual cachm scal modl. Wa Rsoucs Rsach. 32(7): [3] X X m; Guo Hog yu; Tag K ag; Y Mg a Dual coupld modl fo gad assssm of sufac a ad gouda Noh Cha Pla. Joual of Hydaulc Egg. 2: [4] Wu ag; Kog g-you; Zhag Z-zhog, Ma Zhm Coupld modlg of sufac agouda sysm Ⅰ.Modl. Joual of Hydaulc Egg. 36(5): [5] Jag R, Zhu B, Tag JL, Luo ZX Taspoao pocsss ad loss fluxs of og ad phosphoous hough som uoff a ypcal small ashd h hlly aa of pupl sol. Joual of Hydaulc Egg 40(6): ( Chs). [6] Yag JL, Zhag GL, Sh XZ, Wag HJ, Cao ZH, Rsma CJ.2009.Dyamc chags of og ad phosphous losss phmal uoff pocsss by ypcal som s Schua Bas, Souhs Cha. Sol & Tllag Rsach 05: [7] Th R, McLa RG, Sudcy EA, Paday SM. HYDROGEOSPHERE A h-dmsoal umcal modl dscbg fully-gad subsufac ad sufac flo ad solu aspo. Us Laal, Usy of Waloo, 2004, 275 pp. [8] Thomas Gaf, Th, R, Vaabl-dsy gouda flo ad solu aspo gula 2D facu os. Adac Wa Rsoucs., 30, ACADEMY PUBLISHER