Shape memory epoxy: Composition, structure, properties and shape memory performances

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Shape memory epoxy: Composition, structure, properties and shape memory performances"

Thomasine Butler
5 years ago
Views:

1 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry 21 Shape ery epxy: Cpsitin, strtre, prperties an shape ery perfranes Ingri A. Rssea*, a an Ta Xie a a General Mtrs Cpany, Researh & Develpent Center, 35 Mn R, Warren, MI Fax: *Crrespning Athr: ingri.rssea@g., Tel: Sppleentary Eqatins = + Δ (S1) ef s = = ΔT = + Δ s = + Δ ef ef ε ΔT ΔT ε ε (S2) (S3) = + ΔT p = + Δ ef ε + Δ re ΔT ε + ΔT ε + Δ In Eqs. (S1) thrgh (S4), Δ ef entes the hange in length f the saple ipse by the efratin. Δ an Δ represent the hange in length f the saple e t strain axatin pn ling an nlaing, respetively. Finally, Δ re stans fr the hange in saple length rring ring strain revery in the last step f the SMC. The apparent CTE f r epxies was shwn t be a fntin f ε. Therefre, the CTE apts speifi vales at ε an ε : CTE ε r CTE ε, respetively. Frtherre, Δ ef an be expresse as fllws: ( ε ε ) Δ =. (S5) ef Dring a shape ery yle, the strains apte by the saples an be efine by: ε =, (S6) ε =, (S7) re (S4)

2 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry 21 ε =, (S8) an, p ε p =. (S9) By sbstitting Eqs. (S8) an (S9) in Eq. (3) fr the shape fixity an by sbstitting with Eqs. (S1) an (S3), R f bees: R f = ΔT CTE ε Eq. (S7) allws fr R f t be rewritten: R f Δ = 1 ε + Δ ΔT CTE ε ε where the sen ter in the right han sie is negligible (<<1).. (S1), (S11) Sppleentary Figres g E g E E s E E tan δ tan δ E tan δ T s T g =T trans T Teperatre Figre S 1 Sheati representatin f the evalatin f the shape ery variables (efratin teperatre (T ), setting teperatre (T s ), strage li at T an T s (E an E s, respetively), an transfratin teperatre (T trans )) eterine fr the eqilibri ehanial ata (strage ls (E ), lss ls (E ) an lss angle (δ), glass transitin teperatre (T g )) easre fr eah epxy SMP.

3 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry R f (%) N R r in (%) N () R r ε (%) E- T43 E5-NGDE N Figre S 2 Effet f inreasing the nber f nsetive shape ery yles n the shape fixity (R f ), an () the shape revery (R in r ) an (R ε r ), respetively, f r epxy SMPs. The shape revery an shape fixity reah stable vales after the first yle is plete exept fr, whih inrprates flexible penant eyl hains. This is likely e t a rearrangeent f the eyl hains ring the efratin stage whih isables the fr

4 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry 21 revering their riginal state ring the revery stage.

5 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry 21 4 V r (%/in) 3 2 E-T43 E5-NGDE ε -ε p (%) t r (in) E-T43 E5-NGDE ε -ε p (%) Figre S 3 Effet f the efratin strain ε -ε n the revery spee (V r ) an the revery tie (t r ) fr the shape ery epxies. Fr sessive shape ery yles were perfre n eah saple, eah ner inreasing efratin strains. V r varies linearly with the reverable strain (ε -ε ), an t r varies aringly.

6 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry T 1% T 9% T ( C) 5 5 T ( C) E-T43 25 E5-NGDE [T/t] r ( C/in) E-T43 T r ( C) 6 45 E 5-NGDE [T/t] r ( C/in) Figre S 4 Inflene f the revery heating rate n the teperatres at whih 1 an 9% strain revery are ahieve (T 1% an T 9%, respetively) an the respnse teperatre (T r ).

7 Eletrni Sppleentary Infratin (ESI) fr Jrnal f Materials Cheistry This jrnal is The Ryal Siety f Cheistry V r (%/in) EPON/Jeff D4 EPON/Jeff T43 EPON 25%/NGDE EPON 5%/NGDE EPON 75%/NGDE EPON %/NGDE EPON/Deylaine t r (in) Revery Heating Rate ( C/in) E- T43 E5-NGDE Revery Heating Rate ( C/in) Figre S 5 Inflene f the revery heating rate n the revery spee an the revery tie f the epxy SMPs. Abve 1 C/in, V r an t r levele ff st likely as a reslt f lw heat transfer whih beae the liiting fatr fr the shape ery respnse.

Physics I Keystone Institute of Technology & Management, Surajgarh Unit V. Postulates of Einstein s special theory of relativity

Physics I Keystone Institute of Technology & Management, Surajgarh Unit V. Postulates of Einstein s special theory of relativity Physis I Keystne Institte f Tehnlgy & Manageent, Srajgarh Unit V Pstlates f Einstein s speial thery f relativity. Priniple f Physial Eqivalene The laws f physis, (bth ehanis and eletrdynais) epressed in