Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector. for Quantum Information SNSPD for QI. Lixing You. Dept of Phys., UC Berkeley
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1 ISS th International Symposium on Superconductivity November 16-18, 2015 Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector for Quantum Information SNSPD for QI Lixing You 1 Shanghai Center for SuperConductivity (SC 2 ), SIMIT, CAS 2 Dept of Phys., UC Berkeley lxyou@mail.sim.ac.cn Nov. 17,
2 2
3 Schematics of QKD Tokyo QKD network since 2010 Demonstration of 200 km QKD (NTT & NIST) Nat Photon, 1: 343(2007) Demonstration of QKD using QD and SNSPD NEC Sci Rep 5: (2015) 3
4 4-qubit GHZ state Pan et al., PRL 86, 4435 (2001) 6-qubit GHZ state Lu et al., Nature Physics 3, 91 (2007) IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April qubit GHZ state Yao et al., Nature Photonics 6, 225 (2012) a n-photon coincidence count rate R ~ h n Current Si SPD : h~ nm Gives 1 Hz for f=10mhz for n=10 If we could improve h to 60%, the coincidence count rate can improved by 4-5 orders of magnitude. Measurement Time can be suppressed from 1 year to 10 min. 4
5 5
6 n D 6
7 p p v 7
8 30 Current of SNSPD (ma) I bias I return Load line R=50 W Voltage of SNSPD (mv) Amplitude (mv) T (ns) v 8
9 9
10 10 SPD Count Rate Hz DE % Dark Counts s -1 Jitter ps Temp. SNSPD (NbN) >100 M > 80 <1 <20 ~ 2.2 K STJ (Al) 5 K 60 N/A N/A < 1K TES (W) 100 K 95 ~ ns 0.1 K InGaAs APD 100 M 20 16K K IR PMT 10 M K
11 u u 200Km MDI-QKD Download vs Upload 622 Mbps vs 20 Mbps u u u u u u 11
12 Record-breaking distance of 380K KM Download vs Upload 622 Mbps vs 20 Mbps 12
13 13
14 Device Material Physics & Technology Application 14
15 Baek, APL 95, (2009). w/o cavity Single Cavity SDE > 5% SDE > 17% Double Cavity SDE ~ 80% SDE > 35% SDE > 50% SDE > 70% Di-electric Mirror SDE ~ 80% Since The key is to improve the photon absorption of the superconducting nanowire 15
16 Simulation of absorption for different structures 16
17 3mm 17
18 SDE (%) IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April K-1550 nm dbm fitting by sigmoid function I b (ua) SDE & DCR vs I b DCR (Hz) SDE (%) SDE vs DCR nm dbm DCR (Hz) 18
19 19
20 w/o cavity Single Cavity Double Cavity Dielectric Mirror NIR J J J J VIS J J L J Absorption L K J J 20
21 Why 1064nm? 1. Potential applications for quantum optics, satellite laser ranging, ghost imaging and so on. 2. Semiconductor APDs have a limited DE < 30%. Design of SNSPD bilayers with reflectivity>99%. 2. HI 1060 Flex (f=6mm) SMF coupled. 3. Abs~1 with polarized photons. IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April ( )%@DCR20Hz SDE & DCR vs I b SDE & Abs vs l Timing jitter Response waveform 21
22 Why 945 nm? Best available QD at this wavelength Important platform for quantum information process SDE and DCR vs Bias current Detector DE Dead Time Si APD 20-30% 45 ns SNSPD >80% 28 ns Ten-fold count rate will be improved by W. J. Zhang AIP Advances 5(6): (2015) 22
23 Why 850 nm? IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April Detector DE Si APD 50% SNSPD 80% Ground-Satellite QKD Nat Photon 7: 387 (2013) SDE ( > 80%) vs Bias current Hao Li, et al OE 23(13): (2015) Key perforamance 23
24 Device design and performance IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April SNSPD at 532nm aiming to SLR SLR measurement setup 1. HR based. 2. MMF(f=50mm) 3. W/p=140/280 (nm) 4. f=42 mm Target: LARETS (3000 km) RMS~8mm Returned photons 24
25 Dark count rate Hz Size of Sensitive area: f nn um/mm 25
26 26
27 SNSPD SDE > Hz DCR First Demonstration of 200 km MDI-QKD in lab & 30 km MDI-QKD field test Collaborated with JW Pan s Group in USTC Y. L. Tang et al. PRL 113(19): (2014) Y. L. Tang et al. IEEE STQE 21(3): 1 (2015) 27
28 Collaborated with W Zhang in Tsinghua Univ. Energy-time entanglement using low jitter SNSPD Optics Express (2014) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31 (8), (2014) Sci Rep 5: (2015) 28
29 p SNSPD matches the requirements of QI and.. High SDE from VIS to NIR Low DCR Low jitter IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), April p Niche market available for SNSPD Other Companies: SconTel (Russia) Single Quantum (Netherlands) Quantum Opus (USA) Photon Spot (USA) 29
30 Group Member /Graduate Students Chief Scientist Project Leader Yuhao HE Junjie WU / Research staff Qi GUO Chaolin LV WJ ZHANG, PhD H LI, PhD SJ CHEN, PhD H ZHOU PhD XY YANG, PhD L ZHANG, MS 30
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