Intermediate Physics PHYS102
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1 Intermediate Physics PHYS102
2 Dr Richard H. Cyburt Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) My My webpage: In person or is the best way to get a hold of me. PHYS102
3 My Office Hours TWR 9:30-11:00am W 4:00-5:00pm Meetings may also be arranged at other times, by appointment PHYS102
4 Mastering Physics Online Go to HYPERLINK " Under Register Now, select Student. Confirm you have the information needed, then select OK! Register now. Enter your instructor s Course ID (RCYBURTPHYS102), and choose Continue. Enter your existing Pearson account username and password and select Sign in. You have an account if you have ever used a Pearson MyLab & Mastering product, such as MyMathLab, MyITLab, MySpanishLab, or MasteringChemistry. If you don t have an account, select Create and complete the required fields. Select an access option. Enter the access code that came with your textbook or was purchased separately from the bookstore. PHYS102
5 Key Dates for Lab Mon, Jan 16, 2017: No Lab, because the following Monday is MLK Jr Day. Mon, Feb 13, 2017: Lab Make Up Day Mon, Mar 20, 2017: Lab Make Up Day Mon, Apr 24, 2017: Lab Make Up Day PHYS102
6 Problem Solving Sections I would like to have 2 hour-long sections for working through problems. This would be an extra component to the course and count towards extra credit I will create a Doodle poll so that we can identify 2 hours for 2 sections. Doodle: Problem-solving Sections doodle.com This poll is to find two 1 hour time slots for which we can have a problem-solving section. Please select as many times as you have available and enter your name/ so I can create sections. PHYS102
7 Intermediate Physics PHYS102
8 Douglas Adams Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy PHYS102
9 In class!! PHYS102
10 This lecture will help you understand: Coulomb s Law The Concept of the Electric Field PHYS102
11 Visualizing Charge Text: p. 635
12 Charge Model Text: p. 635
13 Section 20.3 Coulomb s Law
14 Coulomb s Law Text: p. 642
15 Coulomb s Law Coulomb s law describes the force between two charged particles.
16 Coulomb s Law Coulomb s law looks much like Newton s gravity except the charge q can be positive or negative, so the force can be attractive or repulsive. The direction of the force is determined by the second part of Coulomb s law.
17 Using Coulomb s Law Coulomb s law is a force law, and forces are vectors. Electric forces, like other forces, can be superimposed. The net electric force on charge j due to all other charges is the sum of the individuals forces due to each charge:
18 Using Coulomb s Law Text: p. 643
19 Using Coulomb s Law Text: p. 643
20 QuickCheck 20.8 The charge of sphere 2 is twice that of sphere 1. Which vector below shows the force of 2 on 1? A. B. C. D. E.
21 QuickCheck 20.8 The charge of sphere 2 is twice that of sphere 1. Which vector below shows the force of 2 on 1? A. B. C. D. E. Newton s third law
22 QuickCheck 20.9 The charge of sphere 2 is twice that of sphere 1. Which vector below shows the force of 1 on 2 if the distance between the spheres is reduced to r/2? A. B. C. D. None of the above.
23 QuickCheck 20.9 The charge of sphere 2 is twice that of sphere 1. Which vector below shows the force of 1 on 2 if the distance between the spheres is reduced to r/2? A. B. C. D. None of the above. At half the distance, the force is four times as large:
24 QuickCheck Which of the three right-hand charges experiences the largest force? q 2q 4q q and 2q are tied q and 4q are tied Q q + + r Q 2q + + 2r Q 4q r
25 QuickCheck Which of the three right-hand charges experiences the largest force? q 2q 4q q and 2q are tied q and 4q are tied Q q + + r Q 2q + + 2r Q 4q r
26 QuickCheck In each of the following cases, an identical small, positive charge is placed at the black dot. In which case is the force on the small charge the largest?
27 QuickCheck In each of the following cases, an identical small, positive charge is placed at the black dot. In which case is the force on the small charge the largest? C
28 QuickCheck In each of the following cases, an identical small, positive charge is placed at the black dot. In which case is the force on the small charge the largest? (All charges shown are of equal magnitude.)
29 QuickCheck In each of the following cases, an identical small, positive charge is placed at the black dot. In which case is the force on the small charge the largest? (All charges shown are of equal magnitude.) A
30 QuickCheck The direction of the force on charge q is Up Down Left Right The force on q is zero
31 QuickCheck The direction of the force on charge q is Up Down Left Q is slightly closer than +Q. Right The force on q is zero
32 Example 20.3 Adding electric forces in one dimension Two +10 nc charged particles are 2.0 cm apart on the x-axis. What is the net force on a +1.0 nc charge midway between them? What is the net force if the charged particle on the right is replaced by a -10 nc charge?
33 Example 20.3 Adding electric forces in one dimension (cont.) PREPARE We proceed using the steps of Problem-Solving Strategy We model the charged particles as point charges. The visual overview of FIGURE establishes a coordinate system and shows the forces F 1 on 3 and F 2 on 3. Figure a shows a +10 nc charge on the right; Figure b shows a -10 nc charge.
34 Example 20.3 Adding electric forces in one dimension (cont.) SOLVE Electric forces are vectors, and the net force on q 3 is the vector sum F net = F 1 on 3 + F 2 on 3. Charges q 1 and q 2 each exert a repulsive force on q 3, but these forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Consequently, F net = 0. The situation changes if q 2 is negative, as in Figure 20.16b. In this case, the two forces are equal in magnitude but in the same direction, so F net = 2F 1 on 3. The magnitude of the force is given by Coulomb s law.
35 Example 20.3 Adding electric forces in one dimension (cont.) The force due to q 1 is There is an equal force due to q 2, so the net force on the 1.0 nc charge is F net = ( N, to the right).
36 Example 20.3 Adding electric forces in one dimension (cont.) ASSESS This example illustrates the important idea that electric forces are vectors. An important part of assessing our answer is to see if it is reasonable. In the second case, the net force on the charge is approximately 1 mn. Generally, charges of a few nc separated by a few cm experience forces in the range from a fraction of a mn to several mn. With this guideline, the answer appears to be reasonable.
37 Example Problem Point charge A has a charge of 1.0 nc, and point charge B has a charge of 4.0 nc. They are separated by 1.0 cm. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric forces on charges A and B?
38 QuickCheck Which is the direction of the net force on the charge at the lower left? E.None of these.
39 QuickCheck Which is the direction of the net force on the charge at the lower left? E.None of these. B.
40 QuickCheck Which is the direction of the net force on the charge at the top? E.None of these.
41 QuickCheck Which is the direction of the net force on the charge at the top? D. E.None of these.
42 Example 20.5 Comparing electric and gravitational forces A small plastic sphere is charged to -10 nc. It is held 1.0 cm above a small glass bead at rest on a table. The bead has a mass of 15 mg and a charge of +10 nc. Will the glass bead leap up to the plastic sphere?
43 Example 20.5 Comparing electric and gravitational forces (cont.) PREPARE We model the plastic sphere and glass bead as point charges. FIGURE establishes a y-axis, identifies the plastic sphere as q 1 and the glass bead as q 2, and shows a free-body diagram. The glass bead will rise if F 1 on 2 > w; if F 1 on 2 < w, the bead will remain at rest on the table, which then exerts a normal force n on the bead.
44 Example 20.5 Comparing electric and gravitational forces (cont.) SOLVE Using the values provided, we have F 1 on 2 exceeds the bead s weight by a factor of 60, so the glass bead will leap upward.
45 Example 20.5 Comparing electric and gravitational forces (cont.) ASSESS The values used in this example are realistic for spheres 2 mm in diameter. In general, as in this example, electric forces are significantly larger than weight forces. Consequently, we can ignore weight forces when working electric-force problems unless the particles are fairly massive.
46 Example Problem Two 0.10 g honeybees each acquire a charge of +23 pc as they fly back to their hive. As they approach the hive entrance, they are 1.0 cm apart. What is the magnitude of the repulsive force between the two bees? How does this force compare with their weight?
47 Section 20.4 The Concept of the Electric Field
48 The Concept of the Electric Field The field model explains how the force due to charges is transmitted through empty space from one charge to another. The figure shows a shallow pan of oil with grass seeds floating on it. When positive and negative wires touch the oil, a pattern emerges. Some kind of electric influence from the charges fills the space around the charges.
49 The Concept of the Electric Field In the force model of the electric field, the positive charge A exerts an attractive force on charge B.
50 The Concept of the Electric Field In the field model, it is the alteration of space around charge A that is the agent that exerts a force on charge B. The alteration of space is what we call a field. The charge makes an alteration everywhere in space.
51 The Concept of the Electric Field The space around a charge is altered to create an electric field. The alteration of space around a mass is called the gravitational field. The alteration of space around a magnet is called the magnetic field.
52 The Field Model The field model describes how charges interact: 1. A group of charges, which we will call the source charges, alters the space around them by creating an electric field E. 2. If another charge is then placed in this electric field, it experiences a force F exerted by the field.
53 The Field Model We define the electric field E at the point (x, y, z) as The units are newtons/coulomb, N/C. The magnitude E of the electric field is called the electric field strength.
54 The Field Model
55 Example Problem A housefly walking across a clean surface can accumulate a significant positive or negative charge. In one experiment, the largest positive charge observed was +73 pc. A typical housefly has a mass of 12 mg. What magnitude and direction of an electric field would be necessary to levitate a housefly with the maximum charge? Could such a field exist in air?
56 The Field Model You can use charge q as a probe to determine whether an electric field is present at a point in space. If charge q experiences an electric force at that point, then there is an electric field at that point causing the force.
57 The Field Model The electric field vector defines the electric field at a point where a charge experiences an electric force.
58 The Field Model In the field model, the field is the agent that exerts an electric force on a particle with charge q. 1. The electric field, a vector, exists at every point in space. Electric field diagrams will show a sample of vectors, but there is an electric field vector at every point whether one is shown or not. 2. If the probe charge q is positive, the electric field vector points in the same direction as the force on the charge; if negative, the electric field vector points opposite the force. 3. The electric field does not depend on the magnitude of the charge used to probe the field. The electric field depends only on the source charges that create the field.
59 The Electric Field of a Point Charge A point source charge q creates an electric field at all points. We use a second charge, q, to probe the electric field.
60 The Electric Field of a Point Charge If both charges are positive, the force on qʹ is given by Coulomb s law:
61 The Electric Field of a Point Charge The electric field due to the charge qʹ is:
62 The Electric Field of a Point Charge
63 Example 20.6 Finding the electric field of a proton The electron in a hydrogen atom orbits the proton at a radius of nm. What is the electric field due to the proton at the position of the electron?
64 Example 20.6 Finding the electric field of a proton (cont.) SOLVE The proton s charge is q = e. At the distance of the electron, the magnitude of the field is
65 Example 20.6 Finding the electric field of a proton (cont.) Because the proton is positive, the electric field is directed away from the proton: E = ( N/C, outward from the proton) ASSESS This is a large field, but Table 20.2 shows that this is the correct magnitude for the field within an atom.
66 The Electric Field of a Point Charge An electric field diagram for a positive point charge is constructed by drawing electric field vectors at a number of points around the positive charge. All the vectors point straight away from the positive charge.
67 The Electric Field of a Point Charge The electric field diagram for a negative charge is drawn with the vectors pointing toward the negative point charge. This would be the direction of the force on a positive probe charge.
68 The Electric Field of a Point Charge For an electric field diagram: 1. The diagram is just a representative sample of electric field vectors. The field exists at all the other points. A well-drawn diagram gives a good indication of what the field would be like at a neighboring point. 2. The arrow indicates the direction and the strength of the electric field at the point to which it is attached at the point where the tail of the vector is placed. The length of any vector is significant only relative to the lengths of other vectors. 3. Although we have to draw a vector across the page, from one point to another, an electric field vector does not stretch from one point to another. Each vector represents the electric field at one point in space.
69 QuickCheck Which of the two sets of electric field vectors is possible? Only A is possible. Only B is possible. Both A and B are possible. Neither A nor B is possible.
70 QuickCheck Which of the two sets of electric field vectors is possible? Only A is possible. Only B is possible. Both A and B are possible. Neither A nor B is possible.
71 QuickCheck At which point is the electric field stronger? Point A Point B Not enough information to tell
72 QuickCheck At which point is the electric field stronger? Point A Point B Not enough information to tell
73 QuickCheck Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitudes of the electric field at the black dot. 3, 2, 1, 4 3, 1, 2, 4 1, 4, 2, 3 3, 1, 2, 4
74 QuickCheck Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitudes of the electric field at the black dot. 3, 2, 1, 4 3, 1, 2, 4 1, 4, 2, 3 3, 1, 2, 4
75 QuickCheck All charges shown have equal magnitudes. For cases 1 through 4 shown, is the electric field at the dot to the right (R), to the left (L), or zero (0)? Case A B C D 1 R L R 0 2 L R R 0 3 R L L L 4 L 0 0 0
76 QuickCheck All charges shown have equal magnitudes. For cases 1 through 4 shown, is the electric field at the dot to the right (R), to the left (L), or zero (0)? Case A B C D 1 R L R 0 2 L R R 0 3 R L L L 4 L 0 0 0
77 QuickCheck All charges shown have equal magnitudes. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitudes of the electric field at the black dot. 3, 2, 1 = 4 1, 3, 4, 2 4, 1, 3, 2 1, 3, 2, 4
78 QuickCheck All charges shown have equal magnitudes. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitudes of the electric field at the black dot. 3, 2, 1 = 4 1, 3, 4, 2 4, 1, 3, 2 1, 3, 2, 4
79 QuickCheck Which is the electric field at the dot? E. None of these.
80 QuickCheck Which is the electric field at the dot? B. E. None of these.
81 Example Problem A small bead, sitting at the origin, has a charge of +10 nc. At the point (3.0 cm, 4.0 cm), what is the magnitude and direction of the electric field due to this bead?
82 In class!! PHYS102
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