KICKSTART PHYSICS SPACE 1. SPEED AND ESCAPE VELOCITY 2. PROJECTILE MOTION 3. ACCELERATION AND G-FORCES 4. C AND RELATIVITY 5.

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Gertrude Greer
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It is upon their ancestral lands that the University of Sydney is built.

1 KICKSTART PHYSICS SPACE 1. SPEED AND ESCAPE VELOCITY 2. PROJECTILE MOTION 3. ACCELERATION AND GFORCES 4. C AND RELATIVITY 5. EINSTEIN Kickstart would like to acknowledge and pay respect to the traditional owners of the land the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation. It is upon their ancestral lands that the University of Sydney is built. As we share our knowledge, teaching, learning, and research practices within this University may we also pay respect to the knowledge embedded forever within the Aboriginal Custodianship of Country. For more information head to

Get to Know the Inner Risk Analysis Conduct a risk analysis by filling out the following table. List 3 risks to do with this investigation in the 2 nd year lab.

2 Get to Know the Inner Risk Analysis Conduct a risk analysis by filling out the following table. List 3 risks to do with this investigation in the 2 nd year lab. Also, list 3 risks in an industry where physics is used. What are the consequences of those risks? Use the risk matrix below to make your judgment. What precautions would you take to stop those risks from coming about? What steps would you take to mitigate those risks? Risk Consequence Precaution/Mitigation Kickstart Physics Industry What sort of careers do you think you could get if you studied this topic at the University of Sydney? 1

3 Speed & Escape Velocity There are a number of different types of orbits in orbital systems. Model each of the following orbits with the gravity trampoline, and identify what object might have that orbit. Type of Orbit How to Model the Orbit Examples of Objects with the Orbit Highly Eccentric Orbit Hyperbolic Orbit Orbital Decay After modeling Low Earth and Geostationary Orbits on the gravity trampoline, compare the two by listing their similarities and differences. Similarities Differences We can use energy and force to determine the velocity of objects as they leave the planet and into orbit. Escape Velocity The kinetic energy of an object with mass m is given by: E! = 1 2 mv! The gravitational potential energy of an object with mass m in the gravitational field of an object with mass M is given by: Derive a formula for the escape velocity: E = GmM r 2

Orbital Velocity The equation for the force acting on an object with mass m and velocity v in a circular path of radius r is given by: (the centripetal force) F = mv!

4 Orbital Velocity The equation for the force acting on an object with mass m and velocity v in a circular path of radius r is given by: (the centripetal force) F = mv! r The equation for the gravitational force between two objects with masses m1 and m2 is given by: Derive a formula for the orbital velocity: F = Gm!m! r! What do these formulae say about the concepts of escape and orbital velocity? Kepler s Laws Kepler s three laws of planetary motion describe the motion of orbiting bodies. They are: 1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. 2. A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time: 3. T! R! Use the gravity trampoline to help demonstrate each of Kepler s three laws of planetary motion. How would you derive Kepler s 3 rd Law from the orbital velocity of an object in orbit? 3

Projectile Motion Monkey and the Hunter Predict Observe Explain Above: Below: At: This process of Predict, Observe, Explain, Apply was used by David Unaipon (18721967), known as Australia s Leonardo

5 Projectile Motion Monkey and the Hunter Predict Observe Explain Above: Below: At: This process of Predict, Observe, Explain, Apply was used by David Unaipon ( ), known as Australia s Leonardo Da Vinci. He was of the Ngarrindjeri people of South Australia and was an Aboriginal inventor and author who made significant contributions to science. David invented many devices, including a sheep shearer that is still in use today. He never received any recognition or monetary benefit from any of his innovative inventions. 4

6 Acceleration & GForces Acceleration Describe how you moved for each of the graphs that you matched: Position vs Time Velocity vs Time Acceleration vs Time Features Characteristics Where would you experience the highest and lowest gforce? 5

7 C & Relativity The MichelsonMorley Interferometer Observe the interference pattern as you change the path length for one of the light beams by carefully adjusting the position of the moveable mirror. What happens to the pattern? Sketch the interference pattern you see through the view piece: 6

8 A Slower Speed of Light Relativity is a very difficult thing to study. This is why we use models and visualisations. With the game A Slower Speed of Light you can qualitatively describe some effects of relativity. However, with all models, there are limitations and inaccuracies. Sometimes, the use of a model can actually have a negative effect on the intended purpose of the model. In the following table, list some limitations and inaccuracies to this model: Advantages Limitations 7

Einstein An hour sitting with a pretty girl on a park bench passes like a minute, but a minute sitting on a hot stove seems like an hour. Albert Einstein Using the equation for time dilation: t!

9 Einstein An hour sitting with a pretty girl on a park bench passes like a minute, but a minute sitting on a hot stove seems like an hour. Albert Einstein Using the equation for time dilation: t! = t 1 v! c! fill in the table for the effect of time dilation in days and years with respect to the percentage of the speed of light. Speed (% of c) Days Years What is the time dilation experienced by astronauts on the International Station from the reference frame of people on the surface of the Earth? The orbital speed of the ISS is 7.66 kms 1. 8

10 Inertial Frames of Reference vs NonInertial Frames of Reference Inertial Frame of Reference: The frame of reference where the Newtownian concept of inertia holds. NonInertial Frame of Reference: The frame of reference where the Newtownian concept of inertia does not hold. How can we distinguish between the two? The easiest way to illustrate this difference is with rotating reference frames. Why is that? Use the graph paper to illustrate the difference between inertial and noninertial reference frames: 9

Space SPACE KICKSTART PHYSICS WORKSHOP

Space SPACE KICKSTART PHYSICS WORKSHOP SPACE KICKSTART PHYSICS WORKSHOP LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Speed & escape velocity 2. Projectile Motion 3. Acceleration & g-forces 4. c & Relativity 5. Einstein Name: Kickstart would like to acknowledge and