Chapter 5 Part 2. Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation, Satellites, and Weightlessness
|
|
- Bernard Baldwin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 5 Part 2 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation, Satellites, and Weightlessness
2 Newton s ideas about gravity Newton knew that a force exerted on an object causes an acceleration. Most forces occurred because of contact with an object. The idea of a force without contact met resistance. Newton theorized the force that holds all things to the Earth, is the same force that acts to hold the moon in its nearly circular path.
3 Force at a distance Newton compared the force Earth exerts on objects at its surface to the force Earth exerts on the moon. On Earth s surface, acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.80m/s 2. The centripetal acceleration of the moon is a R =v 2 /R. In terms of g, that is about 1/3600g. The moon is 60 times farther from Earth s center than objects are from the surface. Newton concluded F g on any object decreases with distance from Earth s center by 1/d 2.
4 What about mass? Newton reasoned, according to his 3 rd law of motion, that the force of gravity on an object must also be directly proportional to the masses of BOTH objects. F m Em B r 2 m B is the mass of a body, m E is the mass of Earth, and r is the distance between their centers.
5 Force vs distance applied In analyzing gravity, Newton found, by examining the orbits of planets around the sun, the force required to hold different planets in orbit around the Sun seemed to diminish as the inverse square of their distance from the Sun.
6 Universal Gravitation In examining the planets, Newton stepped further analyzing gravity. Newton theorized the gravitational force that attracts an apple to the Earth and the moon to the Earth, is the same force that acts between the Sun and other planets to keep them in their orbits. If gravity acts here, why not between ALL things?
7 Finalizing the Universal law of Gravitation Every particle in the Universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force acts along the line joining the two particles. Universal Gravitational constant, G, (very small number) was experimentally discovered to calculate the EXACT force of attraction between 2 objects. G = 6.67 x N-m 2 /kg 2 (a constant like pi)
8 Example 1 A 50 kg person and a 75 kg person are sitting on a bench so that their centers are 50 cm apart. Estimate the magnitude of the gravitational force each exerts on the other.
9 Example 1 Solution Using the equation for force, F F = 1.0 x 10-2 N F G m 1m 2 r 2 (6.67 x10 11 N * m 2 /kg 2 )(50kg)(75kg) (0.50m) 2 Which is unnoticeably small unless delicate instruments are used.
10 Example 2 What is the force of gravity acting on a 2000kg spacecraft when it orbits two Earth radii from the Earth s center (a distance r E = 6380 km above Earth s surface)? The mass of the Earth is m E = 5.98 x kg.
11 Example 2 Solution Instead of plugging in all the numbers for our equation, we could take a simpler approach. The spacecraft is twice as far from the Earth s center as when at the surface of the Earth. Therefore, since the force of gravity decreases as the square of the distance (and ½ 2 = ¼ ), the force of gravity on it will be only ¼ its weight at the Earth s surface. F G = ¼ mg = ¼ (2000 kg)(9.80m/s 2 ) = 4900 N
12 Geophysical applications of Gravity near Earth s surface Applying the Universal law between Earth and objects at Earth s surface, the F G becomes the object s weight. Thus we rewrite the formula: mg G mm E 2 r E Cancelling mass we get: Acceleration of gravity at Earth s surface depends on m E and r E. Once G was known, the Earth s mass was determined. g G m E r E 2
13 Applications When dealing with objects at Earth s surface, we calculate weight by mg. If we want to consider objects far from Earth s surface, we can calculate the acceleration due to gravity there by including their mass and distance from Earth s surface. EX: Estimate the effective value of g on the top of Mt. Everest, 8848m above the Earth s surface. What is the accel due to gravity of objects that freely fall at this altitude?
14 Example Solution Calling the acceleration due to gravity there, g, we replace r E with r = 6380 km + 8.8km = 6389 km = x 10 6 m: g G m E r 2 =9.77m/s 2 (6.67 x10 11 N * m 2 /kg 2 )(5.98 x10 24 kg) (6.389 x10 6 m) 2 Which is a reduction of about 0.3%.
15 Satellites and Weightlessness Artificial satellites are put into Earth orbit by high accelerations to give them a high tangential speed, v. If tangential speed is too fast, the satellite escapes Earth orbit. If too slow, it accelerates downward to Earth due to Earth s gravitational pull. What keeps a satellite up is a combination between its tangential speed and Earth s a R. Satellites moving in an approx circle have an acceleration of a R = v 2 /r. This force is caused by the force of gravity acting on it.
16 Newton s laws on Satellites For an orbiting satellite, the only force present is the force due to gravity. Using Newton s Second law: ΣF R =ma R, we find G mm E r 2 m v 2 r Note that r is the sum of Earth s radius and the satellite s height above Earth: r = r E + h.
17 Geosynchronous Satellites A geosynchronous satellite is one that stays above the same point on the equator of the Earth. Such are used for purposes like cable tv, weather forecasting, and communication relays. Determine (a) the height above Earth s surface a satellite must orbit and (b) such a satellite s speed. See page 130 for worked out solution.
18 Weightlessness Standing on a scale in a stationary elevator, mg ON the scale is equal to the support force, w, BY the scale. If the elevator accelerates upward, the net force on you = ma. So we have w mg = ma. Solving for w = mg + ma and you would weigh more than normal. In a freely falling elevator, the scale falls at the same rate as you and cannot push up (support) your weight, so it would read zero. (Apparent weightlessness).
19 Weightlessness in satellites Since satellites orbiting Earth are essentially falling around Earth, a passenger experiences the same apparent weightlessness that you would find in a freely falling elevator.
20 Kepler s Laws ( ) Before Isaac Newton, a German astronomer named Johannes Kepler spent his lifetime studying planets and their motion. He developed 3 laws of planetary motion: 1 st Law: The path of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. 2 nd Law: Each planet moves so that an imaginary line drawn from the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time.
21 Kepler s Third Law 3 rd Law: The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets (time for one revolution around the sun) is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun. If T 1 and T 2 are the periods for any two planets 2 3 and r 1 and r 2 are their T 1 average r 1 distances from the Sun, then T 2 r 2 If we rewrite this, then r 3 /T 2 should be the same for each planet.
22 Your turn to Practice Please do Chapter 5 Review pg 141 #s 25-30, 39, and 42. Bonus # 53.
Chapter 6 Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis
Chapter 6 Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis If the force of gravity is being exerted on objects on Earth, what is the origin of that force? Newton s realization was that the force must come from the Earth.
More informationChapter 12 Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 Gravity Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationGravitation and Newton s Synthesis
Lecture 10 Chapter 6 Physics I 0.4.014 Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis Course website: http://faculty.uml.edu/andriy_danylov/teaching/physicsi Lecture Capture: http://echo360.uml.edu/danylov013/physics1spring.html
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 6 Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics, 4 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 6 Physics for Scientists and Engineers, with Modern Physics, 4 th edition Giancoli 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is
More informationChapter 12 Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 Gravity Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationGravitation and Newton s Synthesis
Lecture 10 Chapter 6 Physics I 0.4.014 Gravitation and Newton s Synthesis Course website: http://faculty.uml.edu/andriy_danylov/teaching/physicsi Lecture Capture: http://echo360.uml.edu/danylov013/physics1spring.html
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. GRAVITY. Chapter 12
GRAVITY Chapter 12 Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationCIRCULAR MOTION AND GRAVITATION
CIRCULAR MOTION AND GRAVITATION An object moves in a straight line if the net force on it acts in the direction of motion, or is zero. If the net force acts at an angle to the direction of motion at any
More informationNewton s Gravitational Law
1 Newton s Gravitational Law Gravity exists because bodies have masses. Newton s Gravitational Law states that the force of attraction between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of
More informationAP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Gravitation
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Gravitation 1. Each of five satellites makes a circular orbit about an object that is much more massive than any of the satellites. The mass and orbital radius of each
More informationII. Universal Gravitation - Newton 4th Law
Periodic Motion I. Circular Motion - kinematics & centripetal acceleration - dynamics & centripetal force - centrifugal force II. Universal Gravitation - Newton s 4 th Law - force fields & orbits III.
More information7 Study Guide. Gravitation Vocabulary Review
Date Period Name CHAPTER 7 Study Guide Gravitation Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once. Kepler s second law Newton s law of universal gravitation
More informationCircular Motion. Gravitation
Circular Motion Gravitation Circular Motion Uniform circular motion is motion in a circle at constant speed. Centripetal force is the force that keeps an object moving in a circle. Centripetal acceleration,
More informationCH 8. Universal Gravitation Planetary and Satellite Motion
CH 8 Universal Gravitation Planetary and Satellite Motion Sir Isaac Newton UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Newton: Universal Gravitation Newton concluded that earthly objects and heavenly objects obey the same physical
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation Notes 1 Centripetal Acceleration and Force
Circular Motion and Gravitation Notes 1 Centripetal Acceleration and Force This unit we will investigate the special case of kinematics and dynamics of objects in uniform circular motion. First let s consider
More informationChapter 13: universal gravitation
Chapter 13: universal gravitation Newton s Law of Gravitation Weight Gravitational Potential Energy The Motion of Satellites Kepler s Laws and the Motion of Planets Spherical Mass Distributions Apparent
More informationChapter 9 Lecture. Pearson Physics. Gravity and Circular Motion. Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 9 Lecture Pearson Physics Gravity and Circular Motion Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Chapter Contents Newton's Law of Universal Gravity Applications of Gravity Circular Motion Planetary Motion and
More informationAP Physics-B Universal Gravitation Introduction: Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion: Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation: Performance Objectives:
AP Physics-B Universal Gravitation Introduction: Astronomy is the oldest science. Practical needs and imagination acted together to give astronomy an early importance. For thousands of years, the motions
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 13 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 13 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 13 Newton s Theory of Gravity IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn to understand the motion of satellites
More informationLecture 16. Gravitation
Lecture 16 Gravitation Today s Topics: The Gravitational Force Satellites in Circular Orbits Apparent Weightlessness lliptical Orbits and angular momentum Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational
More informationChapter 7. Preview. Objectives Tangential Speed Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force Describing a Rotating System. Section 1 Circular Motion
Section 1 Circular Motion Preview Objectives Tangential Speed Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force Describing a Rotating System Section 1 Circular Motion Objectives Solve problems involving centripetal
More informationChapter 5 Centripetal Force and Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5 Centripetal Force and Gravity v Centripetal Acceleration v Velocity is a Vector v It has Magnitude and Direction v If either changes, the velocity vector changes. Tumble Buggy Demo v Centripetal
More informationRotational Motion and the Law of Gravity 1
Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity 1 Linear motion is described by position, velocity, and acceleration. Circular motion repeats itself in circles around the axis of rotation Ex. Planets in orbit,
More informationChapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation
Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation Units of Chapter 5 Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation
More informationCircular Motion 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Circular Motion 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationThe Force of Gravity exists between any two masses! Always attractive do you feel the attraction? Slide 6-35
The Force of Gravity exists between any two masses! Always attractive do you feel the attraction? Slide 6-35 Summary Newton s law of gravity describes the gravitational force between A. the earth and the
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation Notes 1 Centripetal Acceleration and Force
Circular Motion and Gravitation Notes 1 Centripetal Acceleration and Force This unit we will investigate the special case of kinematics and dynamics of objects in uniform circular motion. First let s consider
More informationChapter 9. Gravitation
Chapter 9 Gravitation 9.1 The Gravitational Force For two particles that have masses m 1 and m 2 and are separated by a distance r, the force has a magnitude given by the same magnitude of force acts on
More informationPhysics 12. Unit 5 Circular Motion and Gravitation Part 2
Physics 12 Unit 5 Circular Motion and Gravitation Part 2 1. Newton s law of gravitation We have seen in Physics 11 that the force acting on an object due to gravity is given by a well known formula: F
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation Practice Test Provincial Questions
Circular Motion and Gravitation Practice Test Provincial Questions 1. A 1 200 kg car is traveling at 25 m s on a horizontal surface in a circular path of radius 85 m. What is the net force acting on this
More informationPlanetary Mechanics:
Planetary Mechanics: Satellites A satellite is an object or a body that revolves around another body due to the gravitational attraction to the greater mass. Ex: The planets are natural satellites of the
More informationMore examples: Summary of previous lecture
More examples: 3 N Individual Forces Net Force 5 N 37 o 4 N Summary of previous lecture 1 st Law A net non zero force is required to change the velocity of an object. nd Law What happens when there is
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation. Centripetal Acceleration
Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal Acceleration Recall linear acceleration 3. Going around a curve, at constant speed 1. Speeding up vi vi Δv a ac ac vi ac 2. Slowing down v velocity and acceleration
More informationPhysics Mechanics. Lecture 29 Gravitation
1 Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 29 Gravitation Newton, following an idea suggested by Robert Hooke, hypothesized that the force of gravity acting on the planets is inversely proportional to their distances
More informationCIRCULAR MOTION AND UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
CIRCULAR MOTION AND UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Uniform Circular Motion What holds an object in a circular path? A force. String Friction Gravity What happens when the force is diminished? Object flies off in
More informationNm kg. The magnitude of a gravitational field is known as the gravitational field strength, g. This is defined as the GM
Copyright FIST EDUCATION 011 0430 860 810 Nick Zhang Lecture 7 Gravity and satellites Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitation is a force of attraction that acts between any two masses. The gravitation
More informationHW Chapter 5 Q 7,8,18,21 P 4,6,8. Chapter 5. The Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity
HW Chapter 5 Q 7,8,18,21 P 4,6,8 Chapter 5 The Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Every particle in the Universe attracts every other particle with a force that
More information7.4 Universal Gravitation
Circular Motion Velocity is a vector quantity, which means that it involves both speed (magnitude) and direction. Therefore an object traveling at a constant speed can still accelerate if the direction
More informationGravitation & Kepler s Laws
Gravitation & Kepler s Laws What causes YOU to be pulled down to the surface of the earth? THE EARTH.or more specifically the EARTH S MASS. Anything that has MASS has a gravitational pull towards it. F
More informationVISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE EXCEL SIMULATION MOTION OF SATELLITES DOWNLOAD the MS EXCEL program PA50satellite.xlsx and view the worksheet Display as shown in the figure below. One of the most important questions
More informationCopyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 13. Newton s Theory of Gravity The beautiful rings of Saturn consist of countless centimeter-sized ice crystals, all orbiting the planet under the influence of gravity. Chapter Goal: To use Newton
More informationPHYSICS 12 NAME: Gravitation
NAME: Gravitation 1. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and an asteroid travelling in an orbit of radius 4.14x10 11 m is 4.62 x 10 17 N. What is the mass of the asteroid? 2. A certain
More informationChapter 5 Lecture Notes
Formulas: a C = v 2 /r a = a C + a T F = Gm 1 m 2 /r 2 Chapter 5 Lecture Notes Physics 2414 - Strauss Constants: G = 6.67 10-11 N-m 2 /kg 2. Main Ideas: 1. Uniform circular motion 2. Nonuniform circular
More informationForces. Dynamics FORCEMAN
1 Forces Dynamics FORCEMAN 2 What causes things to move? Forces What is a force? A push or a pull that one body exerts on another. 3 Balanced No change in motion 4 5 Unbalanced If the forces acting on
More information6. Summarize Newton s Law of gravity and the inverse square concept. Write out the equation
HW due Today. 1. Read p. 175 180. 2. Summarize the historical account of Brahe and Kepler 3. Write out Kepler s 3 laws. 1) Planets in orbit follow an elliptical path, the Sun is located at a focus of the
More informationChapter 13. Universal Gravitation
Chapter 13 Universal Gravitation Planetary Motion A large amount of data had been collected by 1687. There was no clear understanding of the forces related to these motions. Isaac Newton provided the answer.
More informationUniform Circular Motion
Circular Motion Uniform Circular Motion Uniform Circular Motion Traveling with a constant speed in a circular path Even though the speed is constant, the acceleration is non-zero The acceleration responsible
More informationEpisode 403: Orbital motion
Episode 40: Orbital motion In this episode, students will learn how to combine concepts learned in the study of circular motion with Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation to understand the (circular) motion
More informationNewton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Section 2.17: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity is an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass. It is the force that keeps us stuck to the earth and the moon orbiting
More informationLecture Outline. Chapter 13 Gravity Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 13-1
Lecture Outline Chapter 13 Gravity Slide 13-1 The plan Lab this week: exam problems will put problems on mastering for chapters without HW; will also go over exam 2 Final coverage: now posted; some sections/chapters
More informationChapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves speed = distance time
More informationAP Physics 1 Chapter 7 Circular Motion and Gravitation
AP Physics 1 Chapter 7 Circular Motion and Gravitation Chapter 7: Circular Motion and Angular Measure Gravitation Angular Speed and Velocity Uniform Circular Motion and Centripetal Acceleration Angular
More informationVISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE PRACTICAL ACTIVITY HOW DO THE PANETS MOVE? One of the most important questions historically in Physics was how the planets move. Many historians consider the field of Physics to date
More informationPhysics General Physics. Lecture 8 Planetary Motion. Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones
Physics 22000 General Physics Lecture 8 Planetary Motion Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones 1 First Midterm Exam Tuesday, October 4 th, 8:00-9:30 pm Location: PHYS 112 and WTHR 200. Covering material
More informationRadial Acceleration. recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential to the trajectory
Radial Acceleration recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential to the trajectory 1 Radial Acceleration recall, the direction of the instantaneous velocity vector is tangential
More informationGravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields
Gravity Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Simulation Synchronous Rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozib_l eg75q Sun-Earth-Moon System https://vimeo.com/16015937
More informationKepler's Laws and Newton's Laws
Kepler's Laws and Newton's Laws Kepler's Laws Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) developed a quantitative description of the motions of the planets in the solar system. The description that he produced is expressed
More informationPHYSICS 231 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I
PHYSICS 231 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS I Lecture 11 Last Lecture Angular velocity, acceleration " = #$ #t = $ f %$ i t f % t i! = " f # " i t!" #!x $ 0 # v 0 Rotational/ Linear analogy "s = r"# v t = r" $ f
More informationAP Physics QUIZ Gravitation
AP Physics QUIZ Gravitation Name: 1. If F1 is the magnitude of the force exerted by the Earth on a satellite in orbit about the Earth and F2 is the magnitude of the force exerted by the satellite on the
More informationHow do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves example: speed of
More information12/1/2014. Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation. Contents of Chapter 5. Contents of Chapter Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 5 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided
More informationCHAPTER 7 GRAVITATION
Physics Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 7 GRAVITATION Day Plans for the day Assignments for the day 1 7.1 Planetary Motion & Gravitation Assignment
More informationComments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time,
Comments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time, weather, comments Mark down bad weather attempts Today:
More informationPSI AP Physics 1 Gravitation
PSI AP Physics 1 Gravitation Multiple Choice 1. Two objects attract each other gravitationally. If the distance between their centers is cut in half, the gravitational force A) is cut to one fourth. B)
More informationPhysics 111. Tuesday, November 9, Universal Law Potential Energy Kepler s Laws. density hydrostatic equilibrium Pascal s Principle
ics Tuesday, ember 9, 2004 Ch 12: Ch 15: Gravity Universal Law Potential Energy Kepler s Laws Fluids density hydrostatic equilibrium Pascal s Principle Announcements Wednesday, 8-9 pm in NSC 118/119 Sunday,
More informationGravitation. Objectives. The apple and the Moon. Equations 6/2/14. Describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational force.
Gravitation Objectives Describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational force. Describe and calculate how the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their
More informationPS113 Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s laws of motion
PS113 Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s laws of motion 1 The concepts of force and mass A force is described as the push or pull between two objects There are two kinds of forces 1. Contact forces where two
More informationSteve Smith Tuition: Physics Notes
Steve Smith Tuition: Physics Notes E = mc 2 F = GMm sin θ m = mλ d hν = φ + 1 2 mv2 Static Fields IV: Gravity Examples Contents 1 Gravitational Field Equations 3 1.1 adial Gravitational Field Equations.................................
More informationHow do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves $ speed = distance!#"units
More informationGo on to the next page.
Chapter 10: The Nature of Force Force a push or a pull Force is a vector (it has direction) just like velocity and acceleration Newton the SI unit for force = kg m/s 2 Net force the combination of all
More informationGRAVITY IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE
WHAT IS GRAVITY? Gravity: force of attraction between objects due to their mass Gravity is a noncontact force that acts between two objects at any distance apart GRAVITY IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE Earth s
More informationCircle the correct answer. For those questions involving calculations, working MUST be shown to receive credit.
Dynamics Assignment 3 Name: Multiple Choice. Circle the correct answer. For those questions involving calculations, working MUST be shown to receive credit. 1. Which statement is always true regarding
More informationQuestions Chapter 13 Gravitation
Questions Chapter 13 Gravitation 13-1 Newton's Law of Gravitation 13-2 Gravitation and Principle of Superposition 13-3 Gravitation Near Earth's Surface 13-4 Gravitation Inside Earth 13-5 Gravitational
More informationg = Gm / r 2 The Big Idea
The Big Idea Over 2500 years ago Aristotle proposed two laws of physics governing motion. One for Earthly bodies (objects on Earth) that states objects naturally go in straight lines and one for Heavenly
More information4.8 The Normal Force. Apparent Weight
4.8 The Normal Force Apparent Weight Definition: The apparent weight of an object is the reading of the scale. It is equal to the normal force the man exerts on the scale. For a man standing on a scale
More informationl Register your iclicker on LON-CAPA
l LON-CAPA #3 and Mastering Physics due next Tuesday help room hours (Strosacker Help Room, 1248 BPS): M: 5-8 PM W: 5-8 PM F: 2-6 PM l Register for Mastering Physics >95% of you have l Register your iclicker
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation. Centripetal Acceleration
Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal Acceleration Recall linear acceleration! Δv! aavg t 3. Going around urve, at constant speed 1. Speeding up vi vi Δv a ac ac vi ac. Slowing down v velocity and
More informationUniversal Gravitation
Universal Gravitation Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century Scientific revolution. He is best known for his laws of planetary
More informationChapter 4. Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion. continued
Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion continued Quiz 3 4.7 The Gravitational Force Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Every particle in the universe exerts an attractive force on every other
More informationGravitation. Luis Anchordoqui
Gravitation Kepler's law and Newton's Synthesis The nighttime sky with its myriad stars and shinning planets has always fascinated people on Earth. Towards the end of the XVI century the astronomer Tycho
More information4.2. The Normal Force, Apparent Weight and Hooke s Law
4.2. The Normal Force, Apparent Weight and Hooke s Law Weight The weight of an object on the Earth s surface is the gravitational force exerted on it by the Earth. When you weigh yourself, the scale gives
More informationCp physics web review chapter 7 gravitation and circular motion
Name: Class: _ Date: _ ID: A Cp physics web review chapter 7 gravitation and circular motion Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. What is the
More informationThe Newtonian Synthesis. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. The Universal Law of Gravity. The Universal Law of Gravity. The Newtonian Synthesis
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Chapter 9: GRAVITY The Newtonian Synthesis In Aristotle s time, motion of planets and stars was natural not governed by the same laws as objects on Earth. Newton recognized
More informationKey Points: Learn the relationship between gravitational attractive force, mass and distance. Understand that gravity can act as a centripetal force.
Lesson 9: Universal Gravitation and Circular Motion Key Points: Learn the relationship between gravitational attractive force, mass and distance. Understand that gravity can act as a centripetal force.
More informationINTRODUCTION: Ptolemy geo-centric theory Nicolas Copernicus Helio-centric theory TychoBrahe Johannes Kepler
INTRODUCTION: Ptolemy in second century gave geo-centric theory of planetary motion in which the Earth is considered stationary at the centre of the universe and all the stars and the planets including
More informationLecture 9 Chapter 13 Gravitation. Gravitation
Lecture 9 Chapter 13 Gravitation Gravitation UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION For any two masses in the universe: F = Gm 1m 2 r 2 G = a constant evaluated by Henry Cavendish +F -F m 1 m 2 r Two people pass in a hall.
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 6: GRAVITY, PROJECTILES, AND SATELLITES This lecture will help you understand: The Universal Law of Gravity The Universal Gravitational Constant, G Gravity and Distance:
More informationBy; Jarrick Serdar, Michael Broberg, Trevor Grey, Cameron Kearl, Claire DeCoste, and Kristian Fors
By; Jarrick Serdar, Michael Broberg, Trevor Grey, Cameron Kearl, Claire DeCoste, and Kristian Fors What is gravity? Gravity is defined as the force of attraction by which terrestrial bodies tend to fall
More informationQuestion 1. GRAVITATION UNIT H.W. ANS KEY
Question 1. GRAVITATION UNIT H.W. ANS KEY Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. Two stars, each of mass M, form a binary system. The stars orbit about a point a distance R from the center of each star, as
More informationGravity and the Orbits of Planets
Gravity and the Orbits of Planets 1. Gravity Galileo Newton Earth s Gravity Mass v. Weight Einstein and General Relativity Round and irregular shaped objects 2. Orbits and Kepler s Laws ESO Galileo, Gravity,
More informationSAPTARSHI CLASSES PVT. LTD.
SAPTARSHI CLASSES PVT. LTD. NEET/JEE Date : 13/05/2017 TEST ID: 120517 Time : 02:00:00 Hrs. PHYSICS, Chem Marks : 360 Phy : Circular Motion, Gravitation, Che : Halogen Derivatives Of Alkanes Single Correct
More informationIn this chapter, you will consider the force of gravity:
Gravity Chapter 5 Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the force of gravity: What were Galileo s insights about motion and gravity? What were Newton s insights about motion and gravity? How does
More informationExplanation: The escape velocity and the orbital velocity for a satellite are given by
1. A satellite orbits at a height h above the Earth's surface. Let R be the Earth's radius. If Ve is the escape velocity and Vo is the orbital velocity of the satellite orbiting at a height h
More informationWelcome back to Physics 211. Physics 211 Spring 2014 Lecture Gravity
Welcome back to Physics 211 Today s agenda: Newtonian gravity Planetary orbits Gravitational Potential Energy Physics 211 Spring 2014 Lecture 14-1 1 Gravity Before 1687, large amount of data collected
More information9/13/ Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life. Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity
9/13/17 Lecture Outline 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion?
More informationPhysics 161 Lecture 10: Universal Gravitation. October 4, /6/20 15
Physics 161 Lecture 10: Universal Gravitation October 4, 2018 1 Midterm announcements 1) The first midterm exam will be Thursday October 18 from 10:00 pm to 11:20 pm in ARC- 103. 2) The exam will be multiple
More informationChapter: The Laws of Motion
Chapter 4 Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 3 Motion and Forces Newton s Laws of Motion The British scientist
More information9.2 Worksheet #3 - Circular and Satellite Motion
9.2 Worksheet #3 - Circular and Satellite Motion 1. A car just becomes airborne as it comes off the crest of a bridge that has circular cross section of radius 78.0 m. What is the speed of the car? 2.
More informationNewton s Laws of Motion and Gravitation
Newton s Laws of Motion and Gravitation Introduction: In Newton s first law we have discussed the equilibrium condition for a particle and seen that when the resultant force acting on the particle is zero,
More information4.1 Describing Motion
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion? How is mass different from weight? How do we describe
More information