Describing Motion. Newton Newton s Laws of Motion. Position Velocity. Acceleration. Key Concepts: Lecture 9
|
|
- Bathsheba Lloyd
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Key Concepts: Lecture 9 Newton Newton s Laws of Motion More on Kepler s Laws Describing Motion Position Velocity Rate of change of position (speed & direction) 80 km/hr Acceleration 40 km/hr Rate of change of velocity (a) Change in speed but not direction Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation 2 examples of acceleration: (b) Change in direction but not speed Newton Only child, posthumous son of an illiterate yeoman born prematurely - sickly as child raised by maternal grandmother as a child he built clocks & sundials practical joker Trinity College, Cambridge University at 18 studied mathematics & astrology encouraged to study physics by Barrow University closed in 1665 due to plague Invented calculus, studied gravity, optics Barrow resigns & gives Newton his post at Cambridge Newton s Laws of Motion Law I: Law of Inertia A body at rest or in motion at a constant velocity along a straight line remains in that state of rest or motion unless acted on by a net outside force. Takes next logical step beyond Galileo s definition of inertia (tendency of a body to keep moving after all forces stop acting on it) Uniform motion is just as natural a state for a body as being at rest
2 Laws of Motion Law II - The Force Law The acceleration (a) due to an applied force (F) is in the same direction as the force & is proportional to the strength of the force & is inversely proportional to the object s mass (m) The units of force are chosen so the constant is 1. So we write a = F/m To have acceleration there must be a force Force & acceleration always work in the same direction Given the same force, a more massive object accelerates more slowly than a less massive one a F / m a = constant x F /m constant = 1 a = F/m We can write this as F = m a Force=Mass xacceleration Question? A ball is attached to a string and I spin it abound my head in a circle Is the ball accelerating? If it is accelerating what is the force? If the string were to break what path would the ball follow? Examples of the Second Law Friction Hockey puck on ice vs. on a street Impact of a bat on a baseball The bat imparts a force to the ball and sends it flying in the opposite direction Laws of Motion Law III - The Reaction Law For every applied force, there is an equal, but opposite force Forces always occur in pairs a force cannot be created in isolation - need at least two bodies acting against each other if gravity is a force it must act between bodies
3 Newton Figures Out Gravity Question? You push a cart and it moves but you do not appear to move. Why don t you move if there is an opposite and equal force pushing on you? He unified the force which makes an apple drop from a tree and the force which makes the moon orbit the earth Gravity causes all objects to attract one another He intuitively figured out that the force of gravity between two objects depends on only three things: The two masses of the objects: more massive objects gives a stronger attractive force The distance between the objects: moving objects further apart weakens the force This is true on size scales from a laboratory desk to groups of stars and galaxies Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Demonstration: 2nd and 3rd of Newton s Laws 2nd Law: Force = mass x acceleration (F = m a) 3rd Law: When two bodies interact the forces they feel are opposite in direction and equal in strength. You push a cart and it moves but you do not appear to move. Why? Because friction couples you to the massive Earth, which recoils only a very tiny amount. If we remove friction, then we can see the two motions more clearly Skate boards for Thur? Force is proportional to the masses, m1 and m2. Smaller masses smaller force Force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. Further apart weaker force. This kind of dependence of force with distance is known as an Inverse Square Law. Force weakens like the square of the distance: if you double the distance, the force changes by a factor of 1/(2x2) = 1/4.
4 Orbits and Gravity Gravity is the force which keeps the planets from flying off into space Because the Sun is much more massive then the planets the Sun controls the motion of the planets Gravity always pulls the planet toward the Sun Inertia wants to keep the planet moving in a straight line The balance between gravity and inertia leads to the stable orbit of a planet Throw the ball fast enough and it will go into orbit - The Moon is much closer to the Earth than the Sun. - The inverse square law nature of gravity means that the Moon s orbit is controlled by the mass of the Earth, rather than the Sun. - The force the Moon feels from the Earth is stronger than that it feels from the Sun. [Try and compare the ratio of the forces the Moon feels from the Sun and the Earth to verify this.] The Shapes of Orbits The shape of an object s orbit depends on its velocity perpendicular to the force of gravity A body with a small perpendicular velocity will fall nearly straight in A body with a large perpendicular velocity will overcome the force of gravity and move to a larger distance For closed orbits the shapes will be ellipses Escape Velocity: if the velocity of an object is greater than a certain value, the escape velocity, then gravity is unable to slow down the object enough to prevent it from flying out to deep space. For the Earth the escape velocity is about 11 km/s. Relation of Newton s work to Kepler s 2 nd Law As a planet moves toward the Sun the force of gravity causes it to accelerate along its orbits and it moves faster As a planet moves away from the Sun the force of gravity acts along its orbit and slows it down
5 Relation of Newton s work to Kepler s 3 rd Law Planets with larger average distances from the Sun have longer periods (P 2 =ka 3 ) Since the gravitational acceleration is less they move more slowly along their orbits The orbits are larger Newton s Version of Kepler s 3 rd Law Newton applied his laws of motion and gravity to derive a modified version of Kepler s 3 rd law (which was P 2 = k a 3 ) (Mass1+Mass2)x Period 2 = K(average distance) 3 Here K is a new constant. This equation can also be written as M total P 2 = K a 3 In the solar system the mass of the Sun is so large that M total = M sun +M planet is almost exactly equal to M sun This law allows the determination of masses for distant objects if the orbital properties (P and a) can be measured. Note Kepler s 3rd Law Applies to Any Object Orbiting the Sun (can be on near circular orbits or very elliptical, i.e. very eccentric) P 2 = k a 3, with k = constant, P = period of orbit, and a = average distance of object from Sun Earth has P=1 year, a = 1 AU, so using these units, k=1, and we can write P 2 =a 3 Examples - If a planet has a = 4 AU, then it must have period P = 8 years: 8x8 = 64 = 4x4x4 - This formula applies to any orbit around the Sun, from circular to very eccentric (e.g. comets). Newton s Cosmology Gravity holds the solar system together The Sun is the most massive object so its gravity dominates the solar system The law of Universal Gravitation naturally produces elliptical orbits (Kepler s 1 st law) The law of Universal Gravitation naturally produces Kepler s 2 nd and 3 rd laws Newton thought that beyond the solar system, the universe of stars must be infinite or it would collapse. We shall see later if Newton was right.
6 Complexity to Simplicity For centuries people had tried to understand the unique motions of the planets 1 - They were Gods that had special power over our lives 2 - They were mystical bodies moving in a complex clock work universe with circular orbits, epicycles, and other geometrical devices Not composed of the same material as the Earth Not covered by the same laws of nature as the Earth 3 - They were special objects moving under the control of three laws of planetary motion (Kepler) Complexity to Simplicity 4 - Laws of physics (Motion and Gravitation) described the motion of the planets & much, much more The planets obey the same laws of motion and gravity as any object on the Earth or in the universe The planets are composed of the same types of matter as is the Earth The same laws of motion & gravitation can explain a wide range of phenomena The orbits of planets Tides How to build a bridge or tall building & land people on the Moon [We will see later in the class that our understanding of the physics laws has evolved further since Newton s time due to the work of Albert Einstein.]
Isaac Newton & Gravity
Isaac Newton & Gravity Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642 the year that Galileo died. Newton would extend Galileo s study on the motion of bodies, correctly deduce the form of the gravitational force,
More informationMaking Sense of the Universe (Chapter 4) Why does the Earth go around the Sun? Part, but not all, of Chapter 4
Making Sense of the Universe (Chapter 4) Why does the Earth go around the Sun? Part, but not all, of Chapter 4 Based on part of Chapter 4 This material will be useful for understanding Chapters 8 and 11
More informationChapter 12 Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 Gravity Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. GRAVITY. Chapter 12
GRAVITY Chapter 12 Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationChapter 12 Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 Gravity Units of Chapter 12 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Gravitational Attraction of Spherical Bodies Kepler s Laws of Orbital Motion Gravitational Potential Energy Energy Conservation
More informationUnit 3 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.4 Explain how hypotheses are valuable if they lead to further investigations, even if they turn out not to be supported by the data. SC.8.N.1.5 Analyze the methods used to develop
More informationKepler, Newton, and laws of motion
Kepler, Newton, and laws of motion First: A Little History Geocentric vs. heliocentric model for solar system (sec. 2.2-2.4)! The only history in this course is this progression: Aristotle (~350 BC) Ptolemy
More informationASTR 150. Planetarium Shows begin Sept 9th. Register your iclicker! Last time: The Night Sky Today: Motion and Gravity. Info on course website
Planetarium Shows begin Sept 9th Info on course website Register your iclicker! Last time: The Night Sky Today: Motion and Gravity ASTR 150 Hang on tight! Most math all semester-- get it over with right
More informationChapter 4: Energy, Motion, Gravity. Enter Isaac Newton, who pretty much gave birth to classical physics
Chapter 4: Energy, Motion, Gravity Enter Isaac Newton, who pretty much gave birth to classical physics Know all of Kepler s Laws well Chapter 4 Key Points Acceleration proportional to force, inverse to
More informationChapter 2. Forces & Newton s Laws
Chapter 2 Forces & Newton s Laws 1st thing you need to know Everything from chapter 1 Speed formula Acceleration formula All their units There is only 1 main formula, but some equations will utilize previous
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass A Measure of Inertia Net Force The
More informationChapter 3 - Gravity and Motion. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 3 - Gravity and Motion Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. In 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he set out his concept
More informationChapter 3 - Gravity and Motion. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 3 - Gravity and Motion Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. In 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he set out his concept
More informationIntroduction To Modern Astronomy I
ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 03 Sep. 18, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch1: Astronomy and the Universe Ch2: Knowing the Heavens
More informationGravity & The Distances to Stars. Lecture 8. Homework 2 open Exam on Tuesday in class bring ID and #2 pencil
1 Gravity & The Distances to Stars Lecture 8 Homework 2 open Exam on Tuesday in class bring ID and #2 pencil 2 Preparing for the Exam 1 Exams in this class are multiple choice, but the questions can be
More informationThe Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity. Chapter 4 Lecture
Chapter 4 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding
More informationKepler Galileo and Newton
Kepler Galileo and Newton Kepler: determined the motion of the planets. Understanding this motion was determined by physicists like Galileo and Newton and many others. Needed to develop Physics as a science:
More information2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Daily Life Some of the topics we will explore: How do we describe motion? (Speed,
More informationMeasuring Force You may have measured forces using a spring scale. The of the spring in the scale depends on the amount of (a type of ) acting on it.
Forces 12.1 Name 1 A is a push or a pull that on an. How do forces affect the motion of an object? Measuring Force You may have measured forces using a spring scale. The of the spring in the scale depends
More informationComments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time,
Comments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time, weather, comments Mark down bad weather attempts Today:
More informationMotion, Energy, and Gravity. Reminder to take out your clicker and turn it on!
Motion, Energy, and Gravity Reminder to take out your clicker and turn it on! Attendance Quiz Are you here today? Here! (a) yes (b) no (c) Opening Day is here! x Clickers I have not been able to download
More informationPhysics Mechanics. Lecture 29 Gravitation
1 Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 29 Gravitation Newton, following an idea suggested by Robert Hooke, hypothesized that the force of gravity acting on the planets is inversely proportional to their distances
More informationWhen you walk around, you are stuck to the ground. You can jump up. You always come back down. Why is this?
Gravity When you walk around, you are stuck to the ground. You can jump up. You always come back down. Why is this? Isaac Newton was a scientist. He saw that planets go around the sun. He saw how things
More informationUnderstanding Motion, Energy & Gravity
Speed, Velocity & Acceleration Understanding Motion, Energy & Gravity Chapter 4 speed: distance traveled per unit time (e.g., m/s, mph, km/ hr) velocity: speed & direction acceleration: change in velocity
More informationNewton s Laws and the Nature of Matter
Newton s Laws and the Nature of Matter The Nature of Matter Democritus (c. 470-380 BCE) posited that matter was composed of atoms Atoms: particles that can not be further subdivided 4 kinds of atoms: earth,
More informationUnderstanding Motion, Energy & Gravity
Speed, Velocity & Acceleration Understanding Motion, Energy & Gravity Chapter 4 speed: distance traveled per unit time (e.g., m/s, mph, km/ hr) velocity: speed & direction acceleration: change in velocity
More informationChapter 9 Lecture. Pearson Physics. Gravity and Circular Motion. Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 9 Lecture Pearson Physics Gravity and Circular Motion Prepared by Chris Chiaverina Chapter Contents Newton's Law of Universal Gravity Applications of Gravity Circular Motion Planetary Motion and
More informationCircular Motion and Gravity Lecture 5
Circular Motion and Gravity Lecture 5 ˆ Today we talk about circular motion. There are two reasons to do this... ˆ Last week we talked about Newton s laws in problems dealing with straight-line motion.
More informationHow do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves example: speed of
More informationBEFORE YOU READ. Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion STUDY TIP. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 2 1 SECTION Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does gravity affect objects? How does air resistance
More informationGravity Well Demo - 1 of 9. Gravity Well Demo
Gravity Well Demo - 1 of 9 Gravity Well Demo Brief Summary This demo/activity in Space Odyssey will give visitors a hands-on feel for how gravity works. Specifically, how Newton interpreted the force of
More informationChapter: Newton s Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: Newton s Laws of Motion Section 1: Motion Section 2: Newton s First Law Section 3: Newton s Second Law Section 4: Newton s Third Law 1 Motion What is motion? Distance and Displacement
More informationNewton's Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion 1 Newton's Laws of Motion: First Law Law of Inertia An object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. - provides a qualitative definition of force. 2 An object
More informationPreview. Circular Motion and Gravitation Section 1. Section 1 Circular Motion. Section 2 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation
Circular Motion and Gravitation Section 1 Preview Section 1 Circular Motion Section 2 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Section 3 Motion in Space Section 4 Torque and Simple Machines Circular Motion
More informationOccam s Razor: William of Occam, 1340(!)
Reading: OpenStax, Chapter 2, Section 2.2 &2.4, Chapter 3, Sections 3.1-3.3 Chapter 5, Section 5.1 Last time: Scales of the Universe Astro 150 Spring 2018: Lecture 2 page 1 The size of our solar system,
More informationHow do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion? How is mass different
More informationPhysics. Chapter 9 Gravity
Physics Chapter 9 Gravity The Newtonian Synthesis Gravity is a Universal Force The Newtonian Synthesis According to legend, Newton discovered gravity while sitting under an apple tree. The Falling Moon
More informationAstro Lecture 12. Energy and Gravity (Cont d) 13/02/09 Habbal Astro Lecture 12 1
Astro 110-01 Lecture 12 Energy and Gravity (Cont d) 13/02/09 Habbal Astro110-01 Lecture 12 1 Energy due to movement of Kinetic Energy: object E k = ½ m v 2 13/02/09 Habbal Astro110-01 Lecture 12 2 Gravitational
More informationPHYSICS. Chapter 13 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 13 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 13 Newton s Theory of Gravity IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn to understand the motion of satellites
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORCE
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORCE WHAT IS FORCE? Force is anything that can change the state of motion of a body. In simpler terms, force is a push or a pull. For example, wind pushing on a flag is
More informationGravitation and the Motion of the Planets
Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets 1 Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets go around
More informationEquation of orbital velocity: v 2 =GM(2/r 1/a) where: G is the gravitational constant (G=6.67x10 11 N/m 3 kg), M is the mass of the sun (or central
Everything in Orbit Orbital Velocity Orbital velocity is the speed at which a planetary body moves in its orbit around another body. If orbits were circular, this velocity would be constant. However, from
More informationChapter 5 Centripetal Force and Gravity. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5 Centripetal Force and Gravity v Centripetal Acceleration v Velocity is a Vector v It has Magnitude and Direction v If either changes, the velocity vector changes. Tumble Buggy Demo v Centripetal
More informationBasics of Kepler and Newton. Orbits of the planets, moons,
Basics of Kepler and Newton Orbits of the planets, moons, Kepler s Laws, as derived by Newton. Kepler s Laws Universal Law of Gravity Three Laws of Motion Deriving Kepler s Laws Recall: The Copernican
More informationLecture: October 1, 2010
Lecture: October 1, 2010 How long would it take to walk to Alpha Centauri? Announcements: Next Observatory Opportunity: Wednesday October 6 Phases of Matter the phases solid liquid gas plasma depend on
More information4.1 Describing Motion
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion? How is mass different from weight? How do we describe
More informationIn this chapter, you will consider the force of gravity:
Gravity Chapter 5 Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the force of gravity: What were Galileo s insights about motion and gravity? What were Newton s insights about motion and gravity? How does
More informationGravity. Gravity and Newton. What really happened? The history of Gravity 3/9/15. Sir Isaac Newton theorized the Law of Gravitation in 1687
3/9/15 Gravity and Newton Gravity What really happened? Probably the more correct version of the story is that Newton, upon observing an apple fall from a tree, began to think along the following lines:
More information5. Universal Laws of Motion
5. Universal Laws of Motion If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants. Sir Isaac Newton (164 177) Physicist Image courtesy of NASA/JPL Sir Isaac Newton (164-177)
More informationPreview. Circular Motion and Gravitation Section 1. Section 1 Circular Motion. Section 2 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation
Circular Motion and Gravitation Section 1 Preview Section 1 Circular Motion Section 2 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Section 3 Motion in Space Section 4 Torque and Simple Machines Circular Motion
More informationIsaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments
E8 Newton s Laws of Motion R EA D I N G Isaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments included important discoveries about light, motion, and gravity. You may have heard the legend about how
More information9/12/2010. The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature. 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force
The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature 1. Gravity 2. Electromagnetism 3. The Strong Nuclear Force 4. The Weak Nuclear Force The Universe is made of matter Gravity the force of attraction between matter
More informationHistorical Perspective
29:6. Lecture 2 Mechanics: Why do things move? Historical Perspective Aristotle 35 BC Was the final word on any scientific question Influenced scientific thought until the end of the 17 th century Believed
More informationAP Physics-B Universal Gravitation Introduction: Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion: Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation: Performance Objectives:
AP Physics-B Universal Gravitation Introduction: Astronomy is the oldest science. Practical needs and imagination acted together to give astronomy an early importance. For thousands of years, the motions
More informationGravitation and the Waltz of the Planets
Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets
More informationGravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four
Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets
More informationChapter 3 Celestial Sphere Movie
Chapter 3 Celestial Sphere Movie Gravity and Motion Projects I moved due-date for Part 1 to 10/21 I added a descriptive webpage about the projects. Preview Ch 1 Ch 2 Galileo Movie Essay 1: Backyard Astronomy
More informationGravitation. Objectives. The apple and the Moon. Equations 6/2/14. Describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational force.
Gravitation Objectives Describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational force. Describe and calculate how the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their
More informationMore examples: Summary of previous lecture
More examples: 3 N Individual Forces Net Force 5 N 37 o 4 N Summary of previous lecture 1 st Law A net non zero force is required to change the velocity of an object. nd Law What happens when there is
More informationCIRCULAR MOTION AND UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
CIRCULAR MOTION AND UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Uniform Circular Motion What holds an object in a circular path? A force. String Friction Gravity What happens when the force is diminished? Object flies off in
More informationClassical mechanics: Newton s laws of motion
Classical mechanics: Newton s laws of motion Homework next week will be due on Thursday next week You will soon be receiving student evaluations Occam s razor Given two competing and equally successful
More informationChapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 1 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion? How is mass different
More information1. Which of the following correctly lists our cosmic address from small to large?
1. Which of the following correctly lists our cosmic address from small to large? (a) Earth, solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster, universe (b) Earth, solar system, Milky Way
More informationboth d and e counted correct
2. Which of the following did Aristotle not teach? a. Rest is a natural state and need not be explained further b. The speed of motion is directly proportional to the mover's force (v F) c. The speed of
More informationName Class Date. height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle? Explain.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Gravity and Motion 1. Suppose a baseball and a marble are dropped at the same time from the same height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle?
More informationToday. Review. Momentum and Force Consider the rate of change of momentum. What is Momentum?
Today Announcements: HW# is due Wednesday 8:00 am. HW#3 will be due Wednesday Feb.4 at 8:00am Review and Newton s 3rd Law Gravity, Planetary Orbits - Important lesson in how science works and how ultimately
More informationCircular Motion and Gravitation. Centripetal Acceleration
Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal Acceleration Recall linear acceleration 3. Going around a curve, at constant speed 1. Speeding up vi vi Δv a ac ac vi ac 2. Slowing down v velocity and acceleration
More informationInquiry 6.1 Gravity s effect on objects in motion
Inquiry 6.1 Gravity s effect on objects in motion Directions: Follow the procedures below. Write down the purpose, background information and answer any of the questions on your paper. Remember to include
More informationChapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves speed = distance time
More informationApples and Planets. PTYS Feb 2008
Apples and Planets PTYS206-2 28 Feb 2008 List of Symbols F, force a, acceleration (not semi-major axis in this lecture) v, velocity M, mass of Sun m, mass of planet d, general distance r,radius of circle,
More informationGravity. The Universal Force
Gravity The Universal Force Universal Gravitation What is gravity? Gravity makes things fall Gravity makes bubbles rise Gravity made the earth round, and makes the stars shine, but WHAT IS GRAVITY??? Universal
More informationFinding Extrasolar Planets. I
ExtraSolar Planets Finding Extrasolar Planets. I Direct Searches Direct searches are difficult because stars are so bright. How Bright are Planets? Planets shine by reflected light. The amount reflected
More information2. What is the force weight of a 45 kg desk? 3. Give a scenario example for each of Newton s Laws.
Catalyst 1.What is the unit for force? Newton (N) 2. What is the force weight of a 45 kg desk? 3. Give a scenario example for each of Newton s Laws. HANDS UP!! 441 N 4. What is net force? Give an example.
More informationUniversal gravitation
Universal gravitation Physics 211 Syracuse University, Physics 211 Spring 2015 Walter Freeman February 22, 2017 W. Freeman Universal gravitation February 22, 2017 1 / 14 Announcements Extra homework help
More information4.1 Describing Motion. How do we describe motion? Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion? How is mass different from weight? How do we describe
More informationIsaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments
E8 Newton s Laws of Motion R EA D I N G Isaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments included important discoveries about light, motion, and gravity. You may have heard the legend about how
More informationAstronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy
Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy Lecture 8: Becoming Astrophysicists 2 Spring Semester 2013 Dr. Matt Craig 1 1 Galileo s Observations and Newton s Laws a.k.a. Becoming Astrophysicists 2 2 Objectives Explain
More informationUnit 5 Gravitation. Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion
Unit 5 Gravitation Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Into to Gravity Phet Simulation Today: Make sure to collect all data. Finished lab due tomorrow!! Universal Law
More informationtowards the modern view
Brief review of last time: Og through Tycho Brahe Early Science 1 Reading: Chap. 2, Sect.2.4, Ch. 3, Sect. 3.1 Homework 3: Due Tomorrow and Mon. Homework 4: Now available, due next recitation cycle, or
More informationPHYS 106 Fall 2151 Homework 3 Due: Thursday, 8 Oct 2015
PHYS 106 Fall 2151 Homework 3 Due: Thursday, 8 Oct 2015 When you do a calculation, show all your steps. Do not just give an answer. You may work with others, but the work you submit should be your own.
More informationMonday, October 10, 2011
the shuttle blasts off Then comes the tremendous pressure of three G s and the sudden release into weightlessness as the ship leaves the gravitational field behind -from The Arizona Republic 1 Chapter
More informationLecture Fall 2005 Astronomy 110 1
Lecture 9 + 10 Fall 2005 Astronomy 110 1 Isaac Newton and the birth of Physics If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants. Sir Isaac Newton (1642 1727) Nature
More informationIntroduction to Physics. Motion & Energy. Lecture 4
Introduction to Physics Motion & Energy Lecture 4 Part I: the study of matter and energy, forces and motion (ideas central to all of the sciences) Classical physics: Mechanics Modern physics: Quantum mechanics
More informationLecture 8. Kepler's IInd: Angular Momentum
Lecture 8 Gravity and Orbits Angular Momentum Deducing the Law of Gravity Escape Orbits Orbits: common misconceptions Feb 3, 2006 Astro 100 Lecture 8 1 Kepler's IInd: Angular Momentum Kepler's IInd: (motion
More informationProperties of Motion. Force. Examples of Forces. Basics terms and concepts. Isaac Newton
Properties of Motion It took about 2500 years to different generations of philosophers, mathematicians and astronomers to understand Aristotle's theory of Natural Motion and Violent Motion: Falling bodies
More informationHow Do Objects Move? Describing Motion. Different Kinds of Motion
How Do Objects Move? Describing Motion Different Kinds of Motion Motion is everywhere. The planets are in motion around the Sun. Cars are in motion as they are driven down the street. There s even motion
More informationHow do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity How do we describe motion? Precise definitions to describe motion: Speed: Rate at which object moves $ speed = distance!#"units
More information3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia. Forces cause changes in motion.
Forces cause changes in motion. A ball at rest in the middle of a flat field is in equilibrium. No net force acts on it. If you saw it begin to move across the ground, you d look for forces that don t
More informationChapter 7. Preview. Objectives Tangential Speed Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force Describing a Rotating System. Section 1 Circular Motion
Section 1 Circular Motion Preview Objectives Tangential Speed Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force Describing a Rotating System Section 1 Circular Motion Objectives Solve problems involving centripetal
More information7.4 Universal Gravitation
Circular Motion Velocity is a vector quantity, which means that it involves both speed (magnitude) and direction. Therefore an object traveling at a constant speed can still accelerate if the direction
More informationAnnouncements. True or False: When a rocket blasts off, it pushes off the ground in order to launch itself into the air.
Astronomy 101, Oct. 23, 2008 Announcements Homework #4 available today at 11:00 AM (after lecture!) Due Sunday, 11/2, before midnight. Final exam date, time, and place: Monday, Dec. 15, 10:30 AM, Hasbrouck
More informationA N D. c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N F O R C E S
F O R C E S A N D c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N What is a FORCE? A FORCE is a push or pull that acts on an object. A force can cause a resting object to move OR Accelerate a moving object by: changing
More informationNatural Questions. About 2000 years ago Greek scientists were confused about motion. and developed a theory of motion
Natural Questions First natural question: Next question: What these things made of? Why and how things move? About 2000 years ago Greek scientists were confused about motion. Aristotle --- First to study
More informationChapter 4. Motion and gravity
Chapter 4. Motion and gravity Announcements Labs open this week to finish. You may go to any lab section this week (most people done). Lab exercise 2 starts Oct 2. It's the long one!! Midterm exam likely
More informationPlease turn on your clickers
Please turn on your clickers HW #1, due 1 week from today Quiz in class Wednesday Sections meet in Planetarium Honors meeting tonight in my office Sterling 5520 at 5:30-6pm Newton s First Law An object
More informationChapter 12 Forces and Motion
Chapter 12 Forces and Motion GOAL: Students will be able to interpret and apply Newton s three laws of motion and analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration. Standard:
More informationthat when friction is present, a is needed to keep an object moving. 21. State Newton s first law of motion.
Chapter 3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia Exercises 31 Aristotle on Motion (pages 29 30) Fill in the blanks with the correct terms 1 Aristotle divided motion into two types: and 2 Natural motion on
More information9/13/ Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life. Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity
9/13/17 Lecture Outline 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Everyday Life Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity Our goals for learning: How do we describe motion?
More informationAgenda Announce: 4.1 Describing Motion. Tests. How do we describe motion?
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity Agenda Announce: Stony Brook talk this Friday on Precision Cosmology Project Part I due in one week before class: one paragraph
More informationGravity. Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields
Gravity Newton s Law of Gravitation Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Gravitational Fields Simulation Synchronous Rotation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozib_l eg75q Sun-Earth-Moon System https://vimeo.com/16015937
More information