ANTHROPOLOGY 202 October 6, 2014 An Introduction to World Prehistory. VI. Out of Africa: Middle Homo
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1 ANTHROPOLOGY 202 October 6, 2014 An Introduction to World Prehistory VI. Out of Africa: Middle Homo
2 ANT 202 Wednesday October 6, 2014 STUDENTS WITH LAST NAMES S-Z PLEASE STAY FOR A DEMONSTRATION AT THE END OF CLASS ALL OTHER STUDENTS WILL BE DISMISSED minutes Early!!
3 VI Out of Africa: Middle Homo (Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, and the Dmanisi skulls)
4 Middle Homo= Homo erectus and Homo ergaster MYA Cranial capacity: cc Early Homo= Homo habilis MYA Cranial capacity: 600 cc
5 Late Homo = Homo sapiens >1200 cc Middle Homo= Homo erectus MYA Cranial capacity: cc Early Homo= Homo habilis MYA Cranial capacity: 600 cc
6 0 MYA A Simplified Phylogeny of Early Hominins 1 Homo ergaster A. garhi Australopithecus africanus (Gracile line) Homo habilis Robust australopithecines Robust line Australopithecus afarensis Lucy 5 Ardipithecus ramidus Ardi 6 Sahelathropus tchadensis 7
7 B. Traits of Homo ergaster: Very robust Cranial capacity cc Massive supraorbital tori (brow ridges) Thick cranial wall Almost no forehead No chin Almost fully modern post-cranially (below the neck) indistinguishable from modern humans
8 Middle Homo
9 20,000 Pleistocene Formerly known as The Ice Age
10 D. Classification of Stone Tools 1. Basal Paleolithic: MYA : Oldowon (Pebble) tools and flakes Australopithecus garhi and Homo habilis
11 2. Lower Paleolithic: MYA (Million Years Ago) Acheulian Hand Ax Chopper
12 E. The Fossil and Artifact Record a. Africa Midde Homo In Africa Lake Turkana MYA Middle
13 Lake Turkana Excavation
14 Lake Turkana Boy Homo ergaster Cranial Capacity 880 cc
15 Lake Turkana boy Nearly complete skeleton
16 b. Homo erectus in SE Asia Trinil MYA Sangiran 1.8 MYA
17 Java Man From the Trinil Site found by Eugene Dubois In the 1890s MYA
18 (a) Trinil Site Java Man
19 b. SE Asia Trinil MYA Sangiran 1.8 MYA
20 The Sangiran Skull 1.8 MYA
21 c. China. i. Homo erectus Trinil MYA Sangiran 1.8 MYA
22 Zhoukoudian Locality
23 Peking Man Site Zhoukoudian, China MYA
24 Homo erectus Zhoukoudian Cave Million Years Ago, Brain= 1000 cc
25
26
27 Dmanisi Skulls Cranial capacity 546 cc!
28
29
30
31 4. Homo erectus or Archaic Homo in Europe e. Europe Homo heidelbergensis Clacton (0.25) Maur Mandible (0.5) Torralba Ambrona Terra Amata (0.35) Gran Dolina (0.8) Sima de Los Huesos
32 The Heidelberg jaw or the Mauer Mandible 0.5 MYA Referred to as Homo heidelbergensis
33 4. Homo erectus or Archaic Homo in Europe Homo heidelbergensis in Europe Clacton (0.25) Boxgrove (0.5) Maur Mandible (0.5) Torralba Ambrona Terra Amata (0.35) Gran Dolina (0.8) Sima de Los Huesos
34 Gran Dolina Excavation 1994
35 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca Region, northern Spain 0.8 MYA
36 H. heidelbergensis H. erectus
37 Homo heidelbergensis European similar to Homo ergaster Cranial Capacity cc MYA
38 4. Homo erectus or Archaic Homo in Europe in Europe Homo heidelbergensis Clacton (0.25) Boxgrove (0.5) Maur Mandible (0.5) Torralba Ambrona Terra Amata (0.35) Gran Dolina (0.8) Sima de Los Huesos
39 Group Photo, Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) Atapuerca Region, Northern Spain 500, ,000 years ago
40 4. Homo erectus or Archaic Homo in Europe Homo heidelbergensis in Europe (Archaic or Transitional) Clacton (0.25) Boxgrove (0.5) Maur Mandible (0.5) Torralba Ambrona Terra Amata (0.35) Gran Dolina (0.8) Sima de Los Huesos
41 Ambrona Valley Spain
42 Excavations at Ambrona MYA
43 Elephant Bones at Torralba, Spain
44 E. Lifeways of Homo erectus and Homo Heidelbergensis 1. Fire- 800,000 B.P
45 E. Lifeways of Homo erectus 1. Fire GBY Site, Israel 800,000 B.P
46 INVENTION OF FIRE?
47 E. Lifeways of Homo erectus 1. Fire- 800,000 B.P 2. Clothing?
48 Homo erectus in Asia Trinil MYA Sangiran 1.8 MYA
49 Pollen and Palynology
50 E. Lifeways of Homo erectus 1. Fire- 800,000 B.P 2. Clothing 3. Improved stone tool technologies. Acheulian hand axes and choppers. 4.Wooden spears recovered from a site in Germany (Schoningen) (0.4 million years old)
51 Schoningen, Germany Wooden spear, 400,000 years old
52 E. Lifeways of Homo erectus 1. Fire- 800,000 B.P 2. Clothing 3. Improved stone tool technologies. Acheulian hand axes and choppers. 4.Wooden spears recovered from a site in Germany (Schoningen) (0.4 million years old) 5. Gender division of labor? 6. Food sharing and mutual cooperation 7. Pair bonding? 8. Incest taboo? 9. Cannibalism?
53 VI The Emergence of modern humans: Late Homo or Homo sapiens
54 Late Homo Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Late Homo (Homo sapiens sapiens) Late Homo (Homo sapiens idaltu) 1 MYA Homo heidelbergensis Middle Homo (Homo ergaster) 2 MYA Early Homo (Homo habilis)
55 V. The Emergence of Late Homo A. Species classification Homo sapiens neanderthalensis ky Homo sapiens sapiens 100 ky-present Homo sapiens idaltu 160 ky in Africa
56 Late Homo Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Late Homo (Homo sapiens sapiens) Late Homo (Homo sapiens idaltu) 1 MYA Homo heidelbergensis Middle Homo (Homo erectus) 2 MYA Early Homo (Homo habilis)
57 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo sapiens Homo sapiens sapiens idaltu
58 Middle Homo Late Homo H. sapiens H. sapiens sapiens H. erectus neanderthalensis Brain Brow ridges Present Present Absent Appearance Robust Robust Gracile
59
60 Mom! The kids at school say we re a family of Nerdenthals!!!!...Is that true?
61 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo sapiens sapiens
62
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ANTHROPOLOGY 202 Wednesday October 8, 2014 An Introduction to World Prehistory. VII The Emergence of modern humans: Late Homo or Homo sapiens
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