Paper Reference. Geography A Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Physical Environments. Friday 26 May 2006 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

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1 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 1 Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 6461/01 Edexcel GCE Geography A Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Physical Environments Friday 26 May 2006 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes Materials required for examination Nil Paper Reference Surname Signature Items included with question papers Nil Initial(s) Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Question Number Blank Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink. Answer THREE questions, choosing ONE from each of sections A, B and C, and circle your choices in the question number boxes on the right. For each section, indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind about which question to answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 6 questions in this question paper. All questions carry 20 marks. The total mark for this paper is 60. There are 28 pages in this question paper. Any pages are indicated. Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking into account your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. In all parts, credit will be given for the use of diagrams and sketch maps where they are appropriate. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy Edexcel Limited. Printer s Log. No. M22288A W850/6461/ /6/6/4/ *M22288A0128* Total Turn over

2 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 2 SECTION A Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2. If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box. 1. (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the main characteristics of three different types of volcano. A B C (i) Name volcano type A. Figure 1 (1) (ii) Where would volcano type B be found? (1) 2 *M22288A0228*

3 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 3 (iii) Contrast the shapes of volcano types B and C. (3) (iv) Explain the differences identified in (a) (iii). (3) (b) (i) Briefly explain why tectonic plates move. (2) *M22288A0328* 3 Turn over

4 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 4 (ii) Explain how ONE piece of evidence supports the view that tectonic plates move. (4) 4 *M22288A0428*

5 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 5 (c) With reference to a located example, describe and account for the landforms found at a destructive plate margin. Located example... You may use a diagram to help your answer (6) Q1 (Total 20 marks) *M22288A0528* 5 Turn over

6 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 6 If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box. 2. (a) Study Figure 2 which is a photograph of a piece of weathered basalt. Figure 2 (Photograph courtesy of Andy Palmer) (i) Define the term weathering. (2) (ii) Describe the shape of the fragments of weathered basalt. (2) 6 *M22288A0628*

7 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 7 (iii) Describe and explain how ONE physical process is likely to have weathered this basalt. (4) *M22288A0728* 7 Turn over

8 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 8 (b) With reference to a located example, describe and explain the impact of chemical weathering on limestone landscapes. Located example... You may use a diagram to help your answer (6) 8 *M22288A0828*

9 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 9 (c) Explain how the impact of weathering on human activity may be: 1. positive (3) 2. negative (3) Q2 (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 20 MARKS *M22288A0928* 9 Turn over

10 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 10 SECTION B Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4. If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box. 3. (a) Study Figure 3 which shows the stores of water in the global hydrological cycle. STORE km 3 x 10 3 % TOTAL Atmosphere Groundwater 8, Ice sheets 27, Land surface 36, X 1,300, (i) Identify store X. Figure 3 (1) (ii) Define the term groundwater store. (2) (iii) Suggest two ways in which water can be stored on the land surface (2) 10 *M22288A01028*

11 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 11 (iv) Briefly explain how water is transferred from the land surface store to the atmosphere store. (b) Explain: (3) (i) how orographic processes lead to the formation of cloud (3) (ii) how raindrops are formed. (3) *M22288A01128* 11 Turn over

12 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 12 (c) With reference to a named flood event, describe and explain the causes of river flooding. Named flood event... You may use a map or diagram to help your answer (6) Q3 (Total 20 marks) 12 *M22288A01228*

13 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 13 BLANK PAGE *M22288A01328* 13 Turn over

14 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 14 If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box. 4. (a) Study Figure 4 which shows rainfall and discharge data for the River Otter, Devon. 40 Discharge litres per second time in hours centimetres Storm 1 Rainfall Storm time in hours Figure 4 (Source: P.E. Eyre and G.T. Gower, Basic Processes in Physical Geography, Universal Tutorial Press, 1983) (i) State the equation used to calculate discharge. (2) 14 *M22288A01428*

15 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 15 (ii) Describe the pattern of discharge shown. (3) (iii) Suggest how the pattern of discharge may have been influenced by: 1. relief (2) 2. precipitation. (2) (b) (i) Name and outline two processes by which rivers transport their load (2) *M22288A01528* 15 Turn over

16 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 16 (ii) Describe and explain how the shape and size of load particles typically change with distance downstream. (3) 16 *M22288A01628*

17 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 17 (c) Describe the appearance, and explain the formation, of braided channels. You may use a diagram to help your answer (6) Q4 (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 20 MARKS *M22288A01728* 17 Turn over

18 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 18 SECTION C Answer EITHER Question 5 OR Question 6. If you answer Question 5 put a cross in this box. 5. (a) Study Figure 5 which shows selected changes in ground cover on an area of sand dunes. Year % bare sand % sea buckthorn Figure 5 (i) Define the term psammosere. (2) (ii) Describe the pattern of change in % bare sand. (3) 18 *M22288A01828*

19 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 19 (iii) Suggest how species, such as sea buckthorn, are able to survive in the challenging conditions of a sand dune environment. (3) (b) (i) Name and outline two processes of marine erosion (2) (ii) Explain how rates of marine erosion may be decreased by human activity. (4) *M22288A01928* 19 Turn over

20 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 20 (c) Describe the formation, and likely modification, of a coastal arch. You may use a diagram to help your answer (6) Q5 (Total 20 marks) 20 *M22288A02028*

21 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 21 BLANK PAGE *M22288A02128* 21 Turn over

22 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 22 If you answer Question 6 put a cross in this box 6.. (a) Study Figure 6 which shows pebble size data for two sites in Porlock Bay, Somerset. % at Hurlstone Point % at Gore Point 70 % of pebbles and over less than 5 0 size (length) of pebbles in cm Figure 6 (Source: M. McTernan and H. Wilson, Field Studies Vol 9, No. 3, FSC Publications, 1999) (i) Describe the distribution of pebble sizes at Gore Point. (3) 22 *M22288A02228*

23 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 23 (ii) Which of the two sites has the greater range of pebble size? (1) (iii) State two ways, other than size, in which the pebbles at the two sites may differ (2) (iv) Suggest why there are no pebbles longer than 14.9 cm at Hurlstone Point. (4) *M22288A02328* 23 Turn over

24 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 24 (b) Describe and explain the process of longshore drift. You may use a diagram to help your answer (4) 24 *M22288A02428*

25 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 25 (c) Describe the appearance, and explain the formation, of off-shore bars. You may use a diagram to help your answer (6) Q6 (Total 20 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C: 20 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS END *M22288A02528* 25

26 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 26 BLANK PAGE Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders where possible. In some cases, every effort to contact copyright holders has been unsuccessful and Edexcel will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements at first opportunity. 26 *M22288A02628*

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28 G145095_M22288A_AS_GCE_GeographyA_Unit_01_June_2006.qxd 18/01/ :26 Page 28 BLANK PAGE 28 *M22288A02828*