Paradigms and Paleoartists: How our Perception of Dinosaurs Forms

Transcription

1 Cedarville University The Research and Scholarship Symposium The 2018 Symposium Apr 11th, 1:30 PM - 2:00 PM Paradigms and Paleoartists: How our Perception of Dinosaurs Forms Jordan C. Oldham Cedarville University, joldham@cedarville.edu Follow this and additional works at: research_scholarship_symposium Part of the Paleobiology Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons Oldham, Jordan C., "Paradigms and Paleoartists: How our Perception of Dinosaurs Forms" (2018). The Research and Scholarship Symposium This Podium Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Research and Scholarship Symposium by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@cedarville.edu.

2 PARADIGMS AND PALEOARTISTS HOW OUR PERCEPTION OF DINOSAURS FORM JORDAN OLDHAM RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP SYMPOSIUM 2018

3 PARADIGMS Thomas S. Kuhn in 1962 wrote the Structure of Scientific Revolutions He proposed that science changes through scientific revolutions and paradigm shifts

4 Anomaly Crisis Point Scientific Revolution Normal Science Paradigm Shift

5 HISTORY OF DINOSAUR PALEONTOLOGY Dawn of Paleontology Fossil first discovered were thought belong to living organisms George Cuvier ended this idea through his theory of extinction George Cuvier Victorian Era Paleontology Richard Owen created the group dinosauria His aim was to end Lamarckism and Darwinian Evolution He reconstructed them like giant elephantine reptiles Years later Joseph Leidy and William Foulke discovered a new dinosaur The new discovery proved dinosaur did not walk quadrupedally They reconstructed Hadrosaurus to look like a giant reptilian kangaroo Louis Dollo described a fossil trackway Tracks occur in the same layer as Iguanodon fossil Based on the tracks he concurred with Leidy and Foulke s tripodal stance Sir Richard Owen Joseph Leidy Louis Dollo

6 HISTORY OF DINOSAUR PALEONTOLOGY John Ostrom John Ostrom Questions the Paradigm The tripodal stance continued till the 1960 s The discovery of Deinonychus lead him to believe that dinosaurs were active The Skeleton of Deinonychus was hollow, the wrist was bird-like, and the foot was unique The Dinosaur Renaissance As a result of Ostrom s discoveries other scientist began to research From the 1960 s-1980 s a scientific revolution waged with the birth of a new paradigm Other discoveries like Maiasaura, Ornithomimus back up Ostrom s ideas Robert Bakker s Reconstruction of Deinonychus

7 PALEOARTISTS Early Artists Henry De la Beche Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins Reconstructed the first dinosaurs according to Owen s reconstructions Beche s Duria antiquior Flyer for the Crystal Palace with Hawkins Reconstruction of Megalosaurus Flyer for the Crystal Palace with Hawkins Reconstruction of Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus

8 Waterhouse Hawkins reconstruction of Hadrosaurus

9 PALEOARTISTS Charles R. Knight The most famous paleoartist Instead of reconstructing dinosaurs as slow, he gave them energetic poses Because of this he is known as the artist who saw through time Charles R. Knight Leaping Laelaps

10 Knight s Brontosaurus

11 Dino-Kingdom Tokyo, Japan Leaping Laelaps

12 MODERN PALEOARTISTS With the internet artists have access to up to date paleontology Paleontologist will actively search out artists to reconstruct their discovery In some cases paleontologists are artists like Gregory S. Paul, or Mark Witton Gregory S. Paul's Dollodon Mark Witton s Triceratops

13 Lund EK, O Connor PM, Loewen MA, Jinnah ZA (2016) A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah. PLoS ONE 11(5): e Official PR Art for the Utahraptor Project Mark Witton s Reconstruction of Machairoceratops Julius T. Csotonyi s Reconstruction of the Utahraptor Bone Slab

14 DINOSAURS IN POP CULTURE Because of artist dinosaurs have become a part of our culture Along with movies like the Jurassic Park series or Land Before Time Julius Csotonyi s Reconstruction of Suchomimus

15 Like to Learn More? A published paper will be in the Spring 2018 Issue of Channels Four-Legged Megalosaurus and Swimming Brontosaurs: A Brief History of Paradigm Shifts within Dinosaur Paleontology

16 References Bakker, R.T. (1986) Dinosaur Heresies. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation Cope, E.D. (1868) The Fossil Reptiles of New Jersey. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Cuvier, G. (1796) Note on the skeleton of a very large species of quadruped, hitherto unknown, found in Paraguay and deposited in the Cabinet of Natural History of Madrid. In: Rudwick, M.J.S., Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones and Geological Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of Primary Texts. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Cuvier, G. (1815) Essays on the Theory of the Earth. digital ed. 2009, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Desmond, A. (1990) The Hot-Blooded Dinosaurs. 2 nd ed. London: Hutchinson Radius Desmond, A. (1984) Archetypes and Ancestors. 2 nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Dollo, L. (1883) Third Note on the Dinosaurs of Bernissart. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Foulke, W.P., Leidy, J. (1858) Remarks Concerning Hadrosaurus. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Leidy, J. (1865) An Excerpt from the Cretaceous Reptiles of the United States. In: Weishampel, D.B. and White, N.A., The Dinosaur Papers Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Kuhn, T.S. (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2 nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Ostrom, J. H. (1964). A reconsideration of the paleoecology of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. American Journal of Science, 262(8), Rudwick, M.J.S. (1992) Scenes From Deep Time. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press