8. Bass tapeworms attach to the gills and intestines of bass fish. These worms survive by taking nutrients from the bass.

Transcription

1 8. Bass tapeworms attach to the gills and intestines of bass fish. These worms survive by taking nutrients from the bass. What type of relationship does this represent? A. predation B. parasitism C. mutualism D. commensalism 72; 8S0000LSCXC0027B Form B SP09 (20)

2 Butterfly Data A school butterfly club did a field study to document the species of butterflies present in their Ohio town. Students divided a circular field study area into five sections. The students took photographs and recorded notes describing each section. Students always observed butterflies in the study area at the same time of day during the same four months of the year. Butterflies within 10 feet of the students were captured in nets, photographed for identification and then released. Data collected for four years are shown in the table below. Number of Butterflies Observed 321 Number of Butterflies Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Monarch Spicebush Swallowtail Type of Butterfly Year Striped Hairstreak Viceroy 15. In addition to a butterfly net, what tools would the students need to collect data for this study? A. camera and balance B. stopwatch and camera C. tape measure and camera D. tape measure and balance 6332; 8S0085SIAXD0005C FT Form A SP06 (24) Science S 17. In the summer of 2000, a large number of Gypsy moths were seen on the trees. To protect the trees from the Gypsy moths, the town government sprayed a pesticide that kills only insect larvae. Which correctly explains the probable relationship between the spraying of pesticide and the number of butterflies observed in 2001? 16. In 2002, the club reported to the North American Butterfly Association that the Striped Hairstreak butterfly was extinct. In their report, the students wrote that they suspected that the local pesticide spraying in 2000 was the cause of the extinction of this butterfly species. The students received a reply stating that their conclusion was not scientifically valid. In your Answer Document, give two reasons why their conclusion was not scientifically valid. (2 points) A. There were more butterflies because there was less competition for food from the Gypsy moths. B. There were fewer butterflies because the butterflies left the area to get away from the pesticide. C. There were more butterflies because the butterflies ate the Gypsy moth larvae killed by the pesticide. D. There were fewer butterflies because the pesticides killed the larvae of both the Gypsy moths and the butterflies. 6394; 8S0085SIBXC0006S FT Form F SP06 (21) 6371; 8S0085SIBXC0002D FT Form A SP06 (25)

3 24. Fungi recycle leaves in forests. Fungi release chemicals onto the leaves to break them down into smaller particles. The fungi use the small particles for growth. Which process allows fungi to obtain the nutrients they need from dead leaves? A. circulation B. digestion C. reproduction D. respiration 6847; 8S0000LSAXC0924B

4 S27. The members of a city council are researching the construction of a new hydroelectric power plant on an existing dam. The city currently burns coal for its power. In the new plant, water from the river would pass through a turbine in the power plant as shown. The turbine would turn, which would cause the generator to produce electricity. The hydroelectric power plant and dam would not block the entire river. Direction of Water Flow Power Plant Generator River Turbine Filter The council members discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a hydroelectric power plant to generate electricity. In your Answer Document, describe two environmental advantages and two environmental disadvantages of building the hydroelectric power plant proposed by the city council. (4 points)

5 38. Sea otters are marine mammals that live in giant kelp forests along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otters have an important role in the food web of this ecosystem. When sea otters are removed from the giant kelp forest, the kelp also begins to disappear. Sea Otters Large Fish Sea Stars Sea Urchins Large Crabs Snails Giant Kelp (Algae) In your Answer Document, explain why the absence of sea otters would lead to a decrease in the giant kelp. Then, choose another organism in the food web and explain why the decreasing amount of giant kelp would affect that organism. (2 points) 13197; 8S0000LSCXC0538S

6 S 2. Planaria are flatworms that are found in shallow streams, often attached to the bottoms of rocks. A class is studying a population of planaria in a nearby shallow stream. The graph below shows data collected over 11 weeks. Planaria Population Number of Planaria (hundreds) Time (weeks) The population started to decrease after 5 weeks. The students concluded that the stream did not have enough food to support a large population of planaria. If this trend continues, how many planaria will be living in the stream by the 12th week? A. 600 B. 500 C. 400 D ; 8S0000SIBXD0905C

7 S Use the following diagram of the water cycle to answer question Sun Clouds Vapor Cooling Water Vapor Precipitation Evaporation Plant Transpiration Crops Surface Runoff Soil River Confining Rock Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Local environmental scientists have collected evidence of the presence of insecticides in the river. Insecticides are used on crops to help prevent damage from insects. According to the diagram, how might this insecticide have reached the river? A. transpiration B. precipitation C. condensation D. surface runoff 9681; 8S0000STAXC0293D

8 S1. The food web shows the interactions between organisms in a meadow ecosystem. Meadow Food Web Hawk Fox Snake Mouse Grasshopper Berries Grass Which organism gets food energy directly from both plants and animals? A. fox B. grass C. grasshopper D. snake 881; 8S0000LSCXC0881A

9 S15. The energy of blowing wind can be harnessed to create electricity. Why is wind considered a renewable energy source? A. Wind does not cause destruction of the environment. B. Wind turns the blades of a windmill that creates electricity. C. Wind provides only a very small amount of electricity to the United States. D. Wind comes from atmospheric conditions that are available indefinitely.

10 36. Why are fossil fuels called nonrenewable resources? A. They make waste products. B. They are buried far underground. C. They take a very long time to produce. D. They are more expensive than nuclear fuels.

11 S Use the following pictures to answer question 1. Head Head Insect Fish Head Insect 1. The reproductive success of an organism depends in part on the ability of the organism to survive. How does the physical appearance of these organisms help them survive? A. Their physical appearance helps them find a habitat. B. Their physical appearance helps them resist parasites. C. Their physical appearance helps them avoid predators. D. Their physical appearance helps them defend a territory ; 8S0000LSBXC0474C

12 S13. Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this? A. mutualism B. parasitism C. predation D. commensalism 93; 8S0000LSCXR0253A

13 17. Monte Bolca, Italy Location Map of Monte Bolca, Italy Monte Bolca is located high in the mountains of northern Italy. This site is one of the world s largest deposits of coral reef fish fossils. There are fossils of more than 160 fish species dating back 49 million years. These fossils provide evidence of the environment in which the coral fish lived and died. Which statement is consistent with this evidence and explains how ancient coral reef fossils can be found high in the mountains far from any sea? A. A huge tidal wave pushed marine life up into the mountains. B. Prehistoric man carried fish into the mountains from the sea. C. Fish were thrown into the mountains by a tremendous volcanic explosion. D. Land that was uplifted to form the mountains was once covered by the sea ; 8S0000LSDXC0337D

14 S 35. Highways allow people to travel between towns and cities. These highways also divide ecosystems into smaller pieces. Animals can become separated from lakes they use for breeding. For example, tiger salamanders travel long distances to breed at lakes. How could highway systems affect animals such as the tiger salamander? A. Tiger salamander habitats may be exposed to less pollution. B. Tiger salamanders may be cut off from important resources. C. Tiger salamanders could improve their ability to remember roads. D. Tiger salamander habitats within ecosystems could become larger.

15 Extinction A paleontologist was studying the evidence of extinction of organisms in the fossil record. Data were collected at several work sites. The paleontologist developed the drawing below of eight layers at one work site. Other data used included the graph below that shows changes in sea level from 490 million years ago to 60 million years ago. Asterisks on the graph indicate times of mass extinction of marine organisms. Layer 8 Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer Based on observations, the paleontologist concluded that the layers had been undisturbed by geological activity. Which layer should have the oldest fossils? A. layer 8 B. layer 6 C. layer 4 D. layer 2 Science 9740; 8S0223ESEXC0002D FT Form A SP06 (13) 37. The paleontologist collected samples from a site that has the same rock layers as the original site but is located 5 kilometers away. S High Sea Level Sea Level Changes Over Time * Asterisks indicate times of mass extinctions of marine organisms. * * * Low * Millions of Years Ago Science S38. The paleontologist examined 10 sites in all. She made detailed drawings of these sites and removed sample fossils. She labeled the sample fossils with the site number, location and layer in which the fossil was found. The paleontologist returned to the lab and discovered that some of the fossil samples were missing labels. Comparing the original site with the site shown above, what geologic process accounts for the difference in the arrangement of the rock layers at the two sites? In your Answer Document, describe two different ways the lack of labels for these samples will affect the interpretation of the data. (2 points) 9755; 8S0223SKAXD0006S FT Form A SP06 (16) A. erosion B. faulting C. folding D. weathering ; 8S0223ESEXC0003B FT Form A SP06 (15) Go to next page

16 2. What interaction between organisms would be described as parasitic? 68 A. a mosquito feeding on the blood of a dog B. a bee gathering nectar and pollen from a flower C. a cleaner shrimp picking dead skin off a large fish D. a nonpoisonous snake mimicking a poisonous snake

17 Weather Table and Maps The weather information shown below was reported on Sunday, the 15th of the month, and two days later on Tuesday, the 17th of the month. The table includes conditions for Sunday only, whereas the maps report early morning conditions for both Sunday and Tuesday. L Weather Conditions for Sunday at 6:00 a.m. and for Previous 24 Hours City Previous 24 Hour Temperatures High (Fahrenheit) Low (Fahrenheit) Barometric Pressure 6:00 a.m. (millibars) Relative Humidity 6:00 a.m. (percent) Cleveland 65 53? 88 Dallas Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis Seattle Weather Map, Sunday the 15th 6:00 a.m. Seattle Los Angeles H Dallas Minneapolis St. Paul L Cleveland Miami W N L = Low Pressure H = High Pressure Barometric Pressure (millibars) S Weather Map, Tuesday the 17th 6:00 a.m. Seattle Los Angeles E L Minneapolis St. Paul Dallas H L Cleveland Miami

18 7. According to the weather map for Sunday, which is the approximate barometric pressure reading at Cleveland, Ohio, on Sunday at 6:00 a.m.? A. 990 millibars B. 995 millibars C millibars D millibars ESCXC0009C 8. Look at the weather map and the table for Sunday at 6:00 a.m. Fog was reported for one city on Sunday morning at 6:00 a.m. Which city was it? A. Dallas B. Miami C. Minneapolis D. Seattle ESCXC0010D S 10. According to the table of weather conditions, what was the average temperature in degrees Fahrenheit at Cleveland, Ohio, for the 24-hour period ending at 6 a.m. on Sunday? A. 53 degrees Fahrenheit B. 59 degrees Fahrenheit C. 61 degrees Fahrenheit D. 65 degrees Fahrenheit S0058SIBXC0012B 11. In your Answer Document, using the two weather maps and the table of weather data, predict the likelihood of precipitation and probable sky conditions (cloud cover) at Cleveland, Ohio, for Sunday and for the following Tuesday. Give reasons for your predictions for each day. (4 points) S0058ESCXC0007E 9. You live in Ohio and want to paint the outside of your house. You need fair weather for at least two days for two coats of paint to dry completely. According to the weather maps, on which day should you start painting? 189 A. Saturday, the 14th of the month B. Sunday, the 15th of the month C. Monday, the 16th of the month D. Thursday, the 19th of the month

19 14. A park is home to a large number of robins, squirrels and rabbits. The robins and squirrels live in the park s trees. The robins feed on earthworms and insects that live on the ground. The squirrels eat the acorns produced by the park s oak trees. The rabbits hide in the bushes and feed on the grass. Which factor would directly limit the number of rabbits that could live in this park? A. number of robins B. number of bushes C. number of acorns D. number of squirrels 381

20 S23. In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival? A. desert B. grassland C. arctic tundra D. temperate forest

21 S 26. Why is coal considered to be a nonrenewable energy source? 0432 A. Sunlight is the original source of energy for coal. B. The burning of coal could cause environmental pollution. C. Once coal is mined, it can take millions of years to be replaced. D. Coal is abundant, but it is very expensive to mine from underground.

22 35. Mudstone (Shale) Volcanic Ash Sandstone Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. The bottom layer is sandstone with fossils of a certain species of reptile found only in this geographic location. The middle layer is volcanic ash. The top layer is mudstone (shale) with fossils of a different species of reptile. The fossil evidence supports which hypothesis about the extinction of the older reptile species? A. The older reptile species went extinct because sea levels rose and flooded its habitat. B. The older reptile species went extinct because a predator was introduced into the environment. C. The older reptile species went extinct because it could not compete with the younger reptile species. D. The older reptile species went extinct because a volcanic eruption caused the environment to change