Finishing Ruddiman s Chapter 5. Tectonics and Long-Term Climate Change
|
|
|
- Polly Payne
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Finishing Ruddiman s Chapter 5. Tectonics and Long-Term Climate Change
2 A 2cnd hypothesis that tries to explain how plate tectonics controls Earth s climate: Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis Maureen Raymo built on earlier ideas proposed by T.C. Chamberlain
3 Remember this? Vegetation enhances silicate weathering rates. (warmer temp., more water yields more veg. and more carbonic acid)
4 Geological disturbance enhances silicate weathering rates by disrupting the equilibrated soil carapace.
5 Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis Enhanced chemical weathering caused by increased mountain building is an active driver of climate change. The BLAG H asserts changing rates of sea-floor spreading change in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere. The Uplift-Weathering H asserts that mountainbuilding does it too.
6 Increase sea-floor spreading rate Increase subduction rate Increase CO 2 input into atmosphere
7 Increase sea-floor spreading rate Increase subduction rate Increase CO 2 input into atmosphere spins-up the silicateweathering drawdown of CO 2
8 rem: Hydrolysis of silicate minerals and precipitation of CaCO 3 in oceans accounts for 80% of ~2 Gt of C sequestered each year. Sicarbonic acid hydrolysis hydrogen ion bicarbonate CaCO 3, H+ HCO3- H 2 CO HCO3- SiO 2 3 HCO3-H+ Ca+ Wollastonite, a Ca-plagioclase silicate mineral sediment
9 decrease sea-floor spreading rate decline in subduction rate decline in CO 2 input into atmosphere spins-down the silicateweathering drawdown of ie, warming CO 2
10 Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis: add mountain building to plate-tectonic effects and the Si-mineral weathering process mountain building controls the supply of unweathered silicate minerals.
11 Uplift Weathering Hypothesis: global rate of chemical weathering (hence CO 2 levels) influenced by availability of fresh mineral surfaces for hydrolysis to attack.
12 Mountain ranges have always been with us, but great plateaus are anomalous events in geological time. The collision between India and Asia began ca. 55 mya Tibet This 1000 x 2500 km plateau is an oddity in geological time and probably greatly enhanced global, silicate mineral weathering rates.
13 Shigatse, Tibet Cretaceous Earth mya By Pierre Dèzes 1999, "Tectonic and metamorphic Evolution of the Central Himalayan Domain in Southeast Zanskar (Kashmir, India)". Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne) No. 32, ISSN
14 By Pierre Dèzes 1999, "Tectonic and metamorphic Evolution of the Central Himalayan Domain in Southeast Zanskar (Kashmir, India)". Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne) No. 32, ISSN ,
15 Much of eastern Asia affected by Himalayan orogeny
16
17 Laramide???? post- 50 mya Altiplano: mainly post-20 mya? thickness of the Earth's crust (km)
18 The power of comminution
19 Tectonic uplift enhances comminution and hence hydrolysis and CO 2 draw-down Increased mass movements Increased glaciation Increased corrasion of sediment
20
21 Chemical weathering rapidly (100 s yr) strips cations like Ca and Mg from minerals exposed by physical weathering inceptisol ultisol
22 Freshly shattered rocks produce most of the Ca+ needed for sequestering CO 2 within CaCO 3.
23 Most of the dissolved chemical load in Amazon originates in actively uplifting Andes, not in the vast, ancient, lowlands. Stallard and Edmond, Geochemistry of the Amazon.
24 Silicate-mineral weathering is both a climate forcing and a feedback.
25 Summary So far we have 3 interrelated hypotheses about processes that determine Earth s climate over time scales of millions to billions of years: 1)Polar Position 2)BLAG (seafloor-spreading rate) 3)Uplift Weathering
26 In the background of all 3 processes, the silicate-mineral-weathering mechanism acts as a thermostat.
27 Earth s Interior physics plate tectonics polar position polar ice sheets polar position hypothesis Earth s Climate
28 Earth s Interior physics plate tectonics, volcanism atmosphere s CO 2 conc. silicate-mineral weathering biological activity Earth s Climate
29 Earth s Interior physics plate tectonics, volcanism atmosphere s CO 2 conc. BLAG + Polar Position + Uplift-weathering mountain building silicate mineral weathering biological activity Earth s Climate
30 Finishing up Ruddiman s Chapter 5. Tectonics and Long-Term Climate Change
31 Thinking critically about geological controls over CO2 concentration in Earth s atmosphere: Si-Ca mineral metamorphism hydrolysis (chemical weathering) CaCO 3 sediment CO 2
32 metamorphism of carbonate sediment releases CO 2 CO 2 Si-Ca mineral metamorphism hydrolysis (chemical weathering) CaCO 3 sediment CO 2
33 CO 2 Si-Ca mineral metamorphism hydrolysis (chemical weathering) subduction orogeny CaCO 3 sediment CO 2
34 How do these compare? CO 2 Si-Ca mineral metamorphism hydrolysis (chemical weathering) subduction orogeny CaCO 3 sediment CO 2
35 Question #2. Aren t rates of sea-floor spreading and rates of mountain uplift intimately connected?
v Hypothesis: The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is an active driver for global cooling of the Cenozoic period By Roslyn Gober 11 February 2015
Objective Uplift of Tibetan Plateau as Active Driver for Cenozoic Climate Change v Use Paleoarchives from the Tibetan Plateau to support the uplift weathering hypothesis for global cooling over the last
Long-term Climate Change. We are in a period of relative warmth right now but on the time scale of the Earth s history, the planet is cold.
Long-term Climate Change We are in a period of relative warmth right now but on the time scale of the Earth s history, the planet is cold. Long-term Climate Change The Archean is thought to have been warmer,
13 Oct Past Climates Test Review
13 Oct 2009 Past Climates Test Review Loose End: Wind Stress Climatology U E = V E = 0 & $% 0 & $% u E dz = " y # 0 f v E dz = $ " x # 0 f Risien and!chelton 2008, Journal of Physical Oceanography 2 Gondwana
/ Past and Present Climate
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.842 / 12.301 Past and Present Climate Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. The Faint Young
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Mechanisms
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes WEATHERING CHAPTER 7 Weathering
key to long-term sustainability is recycling..
.. to support life over ~ 4 billion years, Earth must be sustainable system.. key to long-term sustainability is recycling.. Earth System how are key elements needed for life (C, N, P) recycled on the
Terrain Units PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION. Present Geology of NYS. Detailed Geologic Map of NYS
NYS TOPOGRAPHY Why so? PALEOGEOGRAPHY: LANDFORM CREATION Prof. Anthony Grande AFG 014 Present Geology of NYS Detailed Geologic Map of NYS Generalized Geology Detailed Geology Hot links to the fold out
The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle: CO 2,the greenhouse effect, & climate feedbacks. Assigned Reading: Kump et al. (1999) The Earth System, Chap. 7.
The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle: CO 2,the greenhouse effect, & climate feedbacks Assigned Reading: Kump et al. (1999) The Earth System, Chap. 7. Overhead Transparencies Faint Faint Young Sun Paradox Young
Cenozoic: Global Events Ma- Present
Cenozoic: Global Events 65.5 Ma- Present Major Tectonic Events The Rise of the Himalayas and Closure of the Tethyan Ocean Caused Climate Change Equatorial Ocean Closed Rifting in Western North America
Global Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I Reservoirs and Fluxes OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems 13 November 2012 Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 Outline 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs 3. The contemporary
Earth Systems Science Chapter 7. Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 11/11/2010. Seismology: study of earthquakes and related phenomena
Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 I. Structure of the Earth II. Plate Tectonics The solid part of the earth system includes processes, just like the atmosphere and oceans. However, the time scales for processes
Big Idea Clarifying Statement Assessment boundary
Energy Big Idea Clarifying Statement Assessment boundary HS-PS3-1. Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other
Part II: Past climates
Part II: Past climates This week Solid Earth - excerpts of Ch 7 Carbon cycle - Ch 8 Early unexplainable things about the Earth Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener, 1920s) Ocean basins: trenches and midocean
Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change
Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change Edited by William F. Ruddiman University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia Plenum Press New York and London Contents Part I. Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction to
Tectonic plates of the world
Mountain Building Tectonic plates of the world ISOSTACY Isostatic Rebound crust rises as a result of removal of mass This iceberg also demonstrates the process of isostatic rebound. Types of Mountains
CHAPTER 7 Back into the Icehouse: The Last 55 Million Year. speaker: 林 烈
CHAPTER 7 Back into the Icehouse: The Last 55 Million Year speaker: 林 烈 Global Climate Change Since 55 Myr Age Evidence from Ice & Vegetation Oxygen Isotope Data Why Did Globe Climate Cool over the Last
Chapter 12 Long-Term Climate Regulation
Chapter 12 Long-Term Climate Regulation Sun about 30% less luminous than today - Ts would have been below freezing - Earth seems to have had liquid water nonetheless - Faint Young Sun Paradox (FYSP) Warm
Rock Cycle. Draw the Rock cycle on your remediation page OR use a sheet of notebook paper and staple
Earth Science Test 8.ESS2.3) Describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. I can develop and use models to explain how plate movements
Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide
Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Intro to Earth Systems 1. Name and describe Earth s 4 major spheres Geosphere-- nonliving, mostly solid rock divided into crust, mantle, and core Atmosphere a
Copyright 2016 Edmentum - All rights reserved.
Copyright 2016 Edmentum - All rights reserved. SI: Quiz 13 Question #1 The Earth's crust is made up of plates that can move. Which of the following topographic features could be directly formed by the
12/3/2014. Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Earth Science, 13e Chapter 7. Continental drift: an idea before its time
Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Earth Science, 13e Chapter 7 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Continental drift: an idea before its time Alfred Wegener First proposed
Mountain Building. Mountain Building
Mountain Building Mountain building has occurred during the recent geologic past American Cordillera the western margin of the Americas from Cape Horn to Alaska Includes the Andes and Rocky Mountains Alpine
PLATE TECTONICS. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift- Wegener s Evidence
Continental Drift PLATE TECTONICS E.B. Taylor (1910) and Alfred Wegener (1915) published on Continental Drift. Continental Drift Wegener s evidence 1. Fit of the Continents 2. Fossil Evidence 3. Rock Type
1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical
Wednesday week 12. These ions move through the soil to streams and eventually to the ocean. In the ocean; CaCO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 O + H 2 O
Wednesday week 12 I. Control of CO 2 content of atmosphere by the ocean H 4 SiO 4 A. Consider a hypothetical planet with a crust made of single mineral (Wallastonite) CaSiO3. We could use the composition
Cycles in the Phanerozoic
Cycles in the Phanerozoic Evolutionary trends: extinctions, adaptive radiations, diversity over time Glaciations Sea level change Ocean chemistry Atmospheric CO 2 biosphere Mass extinctions in the..you
Global Carbon Cycle - I
Global Carbon Cycle - I OCN 401 - Biogeochemical Systems Reading: Schlesinger, Chapter 11 1. Overview of global C cycle 2. Global C reservoirs Outline 3. The contemporary global C cycle 4. Fluxes and residence
XI. the natural carbon cycle. with materials from J. Kasting (Penn State)
XI. the natural carbon cycle with materials from J. Kasting (Penn State) outline properties of carbon the terrestrial biological cycle of carbon the ocean cycle of carbon carbon in the rock cycle overview
Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Banded Iron Formation
Rocks and the Rock Cycle Banded Iron Formation Rocks Big rocks into pebbles, Pebbles into sand. I really hold a million, million Rocks here in my hand. Florence Parry Heide How do rocks change? How are
Plate Tectonics Practice Test
Plate Tectonics Practice Test 1. What is the main idea Alfred Wegner proposed in the Theory of Continental Drift that he published in 1915? a. The continents float on a liquid layer that allows them to
(4) Give an example of important reactions that are responsible for the composition of river water.
Lecture 12 Global Biogeochemical Cycles (1) If rivers are the chief source of the dissolved salts in seawater, why is seawater not simply a concentrated version of average composition of all rivers? The
Use models to describe the sun s place in space in relation to the Milky Way Galaxy and the distribution of galaxy clusters in the universe.
The Milky Way Galaxy consists of more than two hundred billion stars, the sun being one of them, and is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the known universe. s of the formation and structure of
Geos Orogeny-mountain building: existing mountain belts are the result of Cenozoic tectonics. Cenozoic tectonism and climate.
Geos 432-2 Cenozoic tectonism and climates; climate change Orogeny-mountain building: existing mountain belts are the result of Cenozoic tectonics Cenozoic tectonism and climate Movement of continents
CPO Science Middle School Earth Science Learning System Correlated to Ohio Science Academic Content Standards for Earth Science, grades 6-8
CPO Science Middle School Earth Science Learning System Correlated to Ohio Science Academic Content Standards for Earth Science, grades 6-8 Earth and Space Science Benchmark A - Describe how the positions
We re living in the Ice Age!
Chapter 18. Coping with the Weather: Causes and Consequences of Naturally Induce Climate Change 지구시스템의이해 We re living in the Ice Age! 1 Phanerozoic Climate 서늘해지고 더웠고 따뜻했고 3 Climate Rollercoaster 4 2 Time
1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans?
CHAPTER 13 1 Earth s Oceans SECTION Exploring the Oceans BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What affects the salinity of ocean water? What affects
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BASICS Biogeochemical Cycle: The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components, or reservoirs, of Earth s system (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere)
Figure 65: Reservoir in a steady state condition where the input flux is equal to the output flux and the reservoir size remains constant.
7. The carbon cycle 7.1. Box model of the carbon cycle Without the greenhouse effect, our planet would experience a permanent ice age and life as we know it would not be possible. The main contributors
Nebular Hypothesis (Kant, Laplace 1796) - Earth and the other bodies of our solar system (Sun, moons, etc.) formed from a vast cloud of dust and
Plate Tectonics Origin of Universe Big Bang model (Hubble, 1929) - The universe began with an explosive e expansion of matter, which later became what we know as stars, planets, moons, etc. This event
Lecture 5: Climate Changes and Variations
Lecture 5: Climate Changes and Variations Climate Sensitivity and Feedback El Nino Southern Oscillation Pacific Decadal Oscillation North Atlantic Oscillation (Arctic Oscillation) Major Climate Feedback
climate system and its subcomponents: the atmosphere, ocean, land surface, Prof. Jin-Yi Yu ESS200A A general description of the Earth
Earth System Climate () Course Time Lectures: Tu, Th 9:30-10:20 Discussion: 3315 Croul Hall Text Book The Earth System, Kump, Kasting, and Crane, Prentice-Hall Global Physical Climatology, Hartmann; Academic
Weathering: the disintegration, or breakdown of rock material
Weathering: the disintegration, or breakdown of rock material Mechanical Weathering: no change in chemical composition--just disintegration into smaller pieces Chemical Weathering: breakdown as a result
Climate and Earth Systems
OVERVIEW Climate and Earth Systems This activity focuses on the geological carbon cycle to foster student thinking on Earth systems and develop understanding of how models support and test scientific findings.
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the
Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet
Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet I. The Pace of Change A. The Geologic Time Scale II. Earth s Structure and Internal Energy A. The Earth s Core B. The Earth s Mantle C. The Earth s Crust III. The Geologic
TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
OUTCOMES BASED LEARNING MATRIX. Course: Physical Geology Department: _Physical Science. Study the text and lecture material
OUTCOMES BASED LEARNING MATRIX Course: Physical Geology Department: _Physical Science Physical Geology This course is intended to acquaint students with the physical structure of the Earth, the nature
TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS?
TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS? TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING UNIFORMITARIANISM: THE IDEA THAT THE SAME FORCES HAVE BEEN AND CONTINUE
1) What is the theory of plate tectonics? a. The lithosphere (top layer) floats on top of the partially molten layer under it (asthenosphere).
1) What is the theory of plate tectonics? a. The lithosphere (top layer) floats on top of the partially molten layer under it (asthenosphere). Convection currents underneath are the main cause for the
Question #1: What are some ways that you think the climate may have changed in the area where you live over the past million years?
Reading 5.2 Environmental Change Think about the area where you live. You may see changes in the landscape in that area over a year. Some of those changes are weather related. Others are due to how the
ATOC OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT Lecture 21 (Chp 12) Objectives of Today s Class The long-term climate record
ATOC 1060-002 OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT Lecture 21 (Chp 12) Objectives of Today s Class The long-term climate record Announcements: 1. The Project; HW3; 2. Review session for the final exam: Dec 7 th. Sean
Question #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere.
Name: Class: Date: Question #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere. Which diagram correctly shows what will happen to the lithosphere when pushed by tectonic
Global Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes
OCN 401-10 Nov. 16, 2010 KCR Global Carbon Cycle - I Systematics: Reservoirs and Fluxes The Global carbon cycle Reservoirs: biomass on land in the oceans, atmosphere, soil and rocks, waters Processes:
Today we will discuss places mobility Natural disasters lead to California s beauty Aesthenosphere
Agenda 2. Geologic History Today we will discuss What Physical Geography is Brief geologic history of California Geography 106 California Geography M. Pesses Antelope Valley College Physical Geographers
8 th Grade Campus Assessment- NSMS Plate Tectonics
1. A group of students were discussing plate tectonics in their science class. All of the following statements about the tectonic plates are incorrect EXCEPT: A. The Eurasian Plate consists of the Asian
Evidence for Continental Drift and The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Evidence for Continental Drift and The Theory of Plate Tectonics Did you know that the coal that is mined in Pennsylvania was actually formed from tropical plant life near the Equator? How did it travel
Section 1: Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics Section 1 Section 1: Continental Drift Preview Key Ideas Wegener s Hypothesis Sea-Floor Spreading Paleomagnetism Wegener Redeemed Continental Drift (Pangaea) Plate Tectonics Section 1 Key
Wednesday, October 10 th
Wednesday, October 10 th Page 13a (left side) / Place Lab on table Objective: We will describe the different types of weathering and erosion and identify evidence of each type. Warm-up: 1. What is weathering?
8. Climate changes Short-term regional variations
8. Climate changes 8.1. Short-term regional variations By short-term climate changes, we refer here to changes occurring over years to decades. Over this timescale, climate is influenced by interactions
Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics
clementaged.weebly.com Name: ODD Period: Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 7 No School 8 E 9 O *Vocabulary *Frayer Vocab *Continental Drift Notes
Mass Wasting and Landscape Evolution
Mass Wasting and Landscape Evolution 11-8-06 Uplift is a tectonic process Three types of uplift: 1. Collisional uplift 2. isostatic uplift 3. Extensional uplif. A physical experiment in isostasy: [crust
Chapter 10: Deformation and Mountain Building. Fig. 10.1
Chapter 10: Deformation and Mountain Building Fig. 10.1 OBJECTIVES Describe the processes of rock deformation and compare and contrast ductile and brittle behavior in rocks. Explain how strike and dip
Earth Systems Standards
Earth Systems Earth Systems Standards The Cobb Teaching and Learning Standards (CT & LS) for Science are designed to provide foundational knowledge and skills for all students to develop proficiency in
Salt Water. Copyright 2012 LessonSnips
Salt Water Humans need salt in their diet to achieve stable body chemistry. As Americans who frequently eat in fast food restaurants, our problem is ingesting more salt than needed rather than getting
Earth Science 14 th Edition, 2015 Tarbuck Lutgens - Tasa
A Correlation of Tarbuck Lutgens - Tasa To the Oklahoma Academic Standards for Earth & Space Science A Correlation of, EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE HS-ESS1 Earth s Place in the Universe HS-ESS1-1 Students who
Physical Geology, 15/e
Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Weathering and Soil Physical Geology 15/e, Chapter 5 Weathering, Erosion and Transportation Rocks exposed at Earth s surface are constantly
TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATURE OF SCIENCE...1. Skill 1.1 Identify the components of scientific inquiry...
Table of Contents COMPETENCY 1.0 KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATURE OF SCIENCE...1 Skill 1.1 Identify the components of scientific inquiry...1 Skill 1.2 Skill 1.3 Skill 1.4 Skill 1.5 Identify the consistent patterns
Geology: Earth and Space Science
Geology: Earth and Space Science Essential Questions: 1. How is science different from other disciplines in the way it approaches questions? 2. How do rocks and minerals cycle through our environment and
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Geologic Change over Time. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of uniformitarianism states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
Mount Everest and the Gobi Desert
Mount Everest and the Gobi Desert 1 Mount Everest is part of the mountain chain known as the Himalaya. Adventurers from all over the world come to try to climb it. Mount Everest is the highest mountain
Ch 17 Plate Tectonics Big Idea: Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates.
Ch 17 Plate Tectonics Big Idea: Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates. 17.1 Drifting Continents 17.2 Seafloor Spreading 17.3 Plate Boundaries 17.4 Causes of Plate Motions Learning
OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics. Question
OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Question What was wrong from Wegener s theory of continental drift? A. The continents were once all connected in a single supercontinent B. The continents
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest
Anticipation Guide #4 Ice wedging is a form of chemical weathering Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down The most active erosion agent
Weathering Anticipation Guide #4 Ice wedging is a form of chemical weathering Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down The most active erosion agent on the planet is running water Gravity plays
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 7, Day 1
Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 3, Week 7, Day 1 Outcomes for Today Standard Focus: PREPARE 1. Background knowledge necessary for today s reading. Continental ice sheets increase the weight of the Earth
Finding Fault with Food or Modeling Plate Movement
Finding Fault with Food or Modeling Plate Movement Objective: Use models to describe how tectonic plates cause major geological events such as; ocean basins, earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building.
Earth s Interior StudyGuide
Name Date Period Earth s Interior StudyGuide 1. The two main elements that make up the Earth s crust are and. 2. The Earth s inner core is made of solid and. 3. When one plates slides under another plate
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.
Chapter 5. The Biogeochemical Cycles. Botkin & Keller Environmental Science 5e
Chapter 5 The Biogeochemical Cycles How Chemicals Cycle Biogeochemical Cycle The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components or reservoirs of Earth s systems 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere
Plate Tectonics. How do the plates move?
Plate Tectonics How do the plates move? Continental Drift Hypothesis In 1915, Alfred Wegener s hypothesis about Continental Drift couldn t explain the forces that could move continents. Wegener wasn t
RAYMOND SIEVER Harvard University
E A R T H FOURTH EDITION FRANK PRESS National Academy of Sciences RAYMOND SIEVER Harvard University W. H. Freeman and Company New York Preface xiii Acknowledgments xviii PART I PROLOGUE CHAPTER 1 HISTORY
The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
MS-ESS2-1 Earth's Systems Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-ESS2-1. Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. [Clarification
3. The diagram below shows how scientists think some of Earth's continents were joined together in the geologic past.
1. The map below shows the present-day locations of South America and Africa. Remains of Mesosaurus, an extinct freshwater reptile, have been found in similarly aged bedrock formed from lake sediments
SAMPLE PAGE. pulses. The Ice Age By: Sue Peterson
Page 61 Objective sight words (pulses, intermittent, isotopes, chronicle, methane, tectonic plates, volcanism, configurations, land-locked, erratic); concepts (geological evidence and specific terminology
Setting the Stage 8/28/09 1. Review. Landscape history of WY. Climate, geology and vegetation patterns in Wyoming
Setting the Stage Climate, geology and vegetation patterns in Wyoming 8/28/09 1 Review Vegetation ecology has its roots in phytogeography: Observation and description of PATTERNS of plant species distributions
1 The Earth as a Planet
General Astronomy (29:61) Fall 2012 Lecture 27 Notes, November 5, 2012 1 The Earth as a Planet As we start studying the planets, we begin with Earth. To begin with, it gives us a different perspective
Page 1. Weathering & Erosion by Mass Wasting Pre-Test. Name:
Weathering & Erosion by Mass Wasting Pre-Test 3048-1 - Page 1 Name: 1) As a particle of sediment in a stream breaks into several smaller pieces, the rate of weathering of the sediment will A) increase
Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries
Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries Continental Drift 1915, Alfred Wegener - Pangea hypothesis: suggested Earth s continents were part of a large super-continent 200
5. Convergent boundaries produce a relatively low number of earthquakes compared to other boundaries. a. True
1. Earth s crust is thinner than its mantle. ANSWER: True 2. The concept of isostacy states that high-density rock will stand higher than low-density rock, which explains the formation of subduction zones.
Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway
Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from
Snack Tectonics or Modeling Plate Movement
Snack Tectonics or Modeling Plate Movement Objective: Use models to describe how tectonic plates cause major geological events such as; ocean basins, earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building. Questions:
SUBSURFACE CHANGES TO EARTH. Ms. Winkle
SUBSURFACE CHANGES TO EARTH Ms. Winkle OVERVIEW Subsurface events: occurring inside the crust and mantle Moving the lithosphere due to the convection currents in the asthenosphere Main Theories: 1912 Wegener,
September 14, SWBAT explain how divergent boundaries shape Earth s surface.
September 14, 2016 Aims: SWBAT explain how divergent boundaries shape Earth s surface. Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: Homework: EI.11
Carbon - I This figure from IPCC, 2001 illustrates the large variations in atmospheric CO 2 (a) Direct measurements of atmospheric CO 2 concentration, and O 2 from 1990 onwards. O 2 concentration is the
Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc.
Earth Chapter Plate Science 9 Tectonics Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. 1 I. Earth s surface is made up of lithospheric plates. A. Lithospheric plates are composed of the crust and part of the upper
Internet Interactive Rock Cycle
Internet Interactive Rock Cycle Directions: Go to the website http://www.uky.edu/as/geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module05swf.swf and answer the questions below. Part I: Igneous Rocks (click on Igneous
Where is all the water?
Where is all the water? The distribution of water at the Earth's surface % of total Oceans 97.25 Ice caps and glaciers 2.05 Groundwater 0.68 Lakes 0.01 Soils 0.005 Atmosphere (as vapour) 0.001 Rivers 0.0001
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Continental Drift Hypothesis Lesson 2 Development of a Theory Lesson 3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics Chapter
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Continental Drift Hypothesis Lesson 2 Development of a Theory Lesson 3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics Chapter Wrap-Up Arctic_Images/Getty Images What is the theory of plate