Supplementary Information for Manuscript titled: Global Distribution of Linear and Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Air

Transcription

1 Supplementary Information for Manuscript titled: Global Distribution of Linear and Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Air Susie Genualdi 1, Tom Harner* 1 Yu Cheng 1, Matthew MacLeod 2, Kaj M. Hansen 3, Roger van Egmond 4, Mahiba Shoeib 1, Sum Chi Lee 1 1 Environment Canada, Science and Technology Branch, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4 2 Deparment of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE Stockholm Sweden 3 Department of Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 4 Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever Colworth Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK Table of Contents Figure SI.1 SIP disk sampling locations..s2 Table SI.1 Linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes: names, formula, and Structures.S3 Table SI.2 IDLs, MDLs, and field blank concentrations.....s4 Table SI.3 Sampling site details S5 Table SI.4 Concentrations of siloxanes at each site..s6 SI.5 Acknowledgements participants in the SIP disk pilot study S7-S8 S1

2 Figure SI.1 Locations of SIP disks during the pilot study. Details corresponding to each site number can be found in Table SI.2 S2

3 Name Abbreviation Formula Structure Log K SIP-AIR Octamethyltrisiloxane L3 C 8 H 24 O 3 Si Decamethyltetrasiloxane L4 C 10 H 30 O 3 Si Dodecamethylpentasiloxane L5 C 12 H 36 O 5 Si Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane D3 C 6 H 18 O 3 Si Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane D4 C 8 H 24 O 4 Si Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane D5 C 10 H 30 O 5 Si Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane D6 C 12 H 36 O 6 Si Table SI.1 Linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes: names, formula, and structures, and log K SIP-AIR values S3

4 IDL (ng/m3) MDL ( ) Amount (ng) in average Field Blank Amount ( ) in average Field Blank D L D L D L D Table SI.2 Instrument detection limits (IDLs), Method detection limits (MDLs) and average field blank concentrations. All values were converted to ng/m3 assuming an average sampling rate of 6.5m 3 /day over a 90 day period. S4

5 Site ID: Standard Location Country Site Type Latitude Longitude Elevation (m a.s.l.) Start Date End Date Exposure Time (Days) Average Temperature ( C) Effective Sampling Rate (m 3 /day) 1 EE03 Kosetice Czech Republic BA o N o E Mar Jun WE01 Alert, NU Canada PO o N o W N/A 31-Mar Jun * WE02 Barrow, AK USA PO o N o W May Sep WE05 Bratt's Lake, SK Canada AG o N o W Mar-09 2-Jul WE06 Whistler, BC Canada BA o N o W Apr Jun WE09 Downsview, ON Canada UR o N o W Apr Jun WE12 Tudor Hill Bermuda BA o N o W Apr-09 6-Jul WE13 Ny Alesund Norway PO o N o E Apr-09 7-Jul WE14 Storhofdi Iceland BA o N o W Mar Jun WE16 Malin Head Ireland BA o N o W Mar-09 1-Jul WE17 Paris France UR o N o E Mar Jun WE23 Cape Grim Australia BA o S o E 94 1-Apr-09 6-Jul WE25 Little Fox Lake, YK Canada PO o N o W Apr Jun WE32 Fraserdale, ON Canada BA o N o W Mar-09 3-Jul WE33 Ucluelet, BC Canada BA o N o W N/A 2-Apr-09 3-Jul WE34 Sable Island, NS Canada BA o N o W 4 03-Apr 4-Jul WE35 Point Reyes, CA USA BA o N o W Mar Jun WE36 Sydney, FL USA UR o N o W N/A 01-Apr Jul * WE37 Hilo, HI USA BA o N o W Mar Jun WE40 Groton, CT USA BA o N o W N/A 25-May-09 2-Oct k A (m/day) Table SI.3 - Details on sites chosen for pilot study including exposure period, average temperature during the deployment period, and the site specific sampling rate. Starred (*) sampling rates indicate the average sampling rate was used because site specific rates could not be determined. N/A indicates that data is not available for this site. S5

6 Site # Site ID Site Name L3 L4 L5 1 EE03 Kosetice BDL BDL WE01 Alert, NU BDL BDL BDL WE02 Barrow, AK BDL BDL BDL WE05 Bratt's Lake, SK BDL WE06 Whistler, BC WE09 Downsview, ON WE12 Tudor Hill BDL BDL WE13 Ny-Alesund BDL BDL BDL WE14 Storhofdi BDL BDL BDL WE16 Malin Head BDL WE17 Paris N/A WE23 Cape Grim BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 N/A 13 WE25 Little Fox Lake, YK BDL BDL WE32 Fraserdale, ON BDL BDL BDL WE33 Ucluelet, BC BDL BDL N/A WE34 Sable Island, NS BDL BDL BDL *** *** *** *** N/A WE35 Point Reyes, CA WE36 Sydney, FL BDL WE37 Hilo, HI BDL N/A WE40 Groton, CT *** N/A 26 D3 Table SI.4 - Concentrations of linear (L3, L4, and L5) and cyclic (D3, D4, D5, D6) siloxanes ( ) and model-derived concentrations for D5 using the BETR and DEHM models. BDL indicates the concentration was below the detection limit, and N/A indicates modeled data was not available for this site. *** indicates no value was reported because sample concentrations were higher than blank concentrations for that site D4 D5 D6 D5 - BETR D5 - DEHM S6

7 SI.5 Acknowledgements: Partners under the GAPS network who participated in the SIP disk pilot study Kosetice, Czech Republic Dr. Milan Vana, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kosetice Observatory, Kosetice, Czech Republic Jan Cech, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kosetice Observatory, Kosetice, Czech Republic Jaroslava Cervenkova, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kosetice Observatory, Kosetice, Czech Republic Alert, Nunavut, Canada Andrew Platt, Arctic Research Coordinator, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Adrienne Glover, Contract Operator, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Byron Felske, Contract Operator, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Barrow, Alaska, USA Steve Grove, Barrow Observatory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Barrow, Alaska, USA Jason Johns, Technician, Barrow Observatory, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Barrow, Alaska, USA Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada Dr. Renata Raina, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada Whistler, British Columbia, Canada Juniper Buller, Contract Operator, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Anton Horvath, Whistler Blackcomb Ski Patrol, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada Anne Marie Macdonald, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Downsview, Ontario, Canada Sum Chi Lee, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Tudor Hill, Bermuda Dr. Andrew J. Peters, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), St. George s, Bermuda Ny-Ålesund, Norway Dr. Wenche Aas, Dept. Atmospheric and Climate Research, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway Dr. Ove Hermansen, Dept. Monitoring and Information Technology, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway Dorothea Schulze, Norwegian Polar Institute, Ny-Ålesund, Norway Storhofdi, Iceland Óskar J. Sigurðsson, Weather Observer, Stórhöfði, Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar / Westman Islands, Iceland Elvar Ástráðsson, Marine Engineer, Veðurstofa Íslands / Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland Jóhanna M. Thorlacius, Geologist, Veðurstofa Íslands / Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland Malin Head, Ireland Martin Haran, S.M.O., Met Éireann, Malin Head, Ireland Paddy Delaney, S.M.O., Met Éireann, Malin Head, Ireland Paris, France Dr. Elodie Moreau Guigon, EPHE, UMR 7619 Sisyphe, UPMC - Paris, France Dr. Hélène Blanchoud, EPHE, UMR 7619 Sisyphe, UPMC - Paris, France Pr. Marc Chevreuil, EPHE, UMR 7619 Sisyphe, UPMC - Paris, France Cape Grim, Tasmania, Australia S7

8 John Gorman and staff, Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, Tasmania, Australia Little Fox Lake, Yukon, Canada Pat Roach, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada Fraserdale, Ontario, Canada Doug Worthy, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Robert Kessler, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Andre Leclerc, Station Contract Operator, Smooth Rock Falls, Ontario, Canada Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada Brian Congdon, Subtidal Adventures ( Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada Gerry Forbes, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, Nova Scotia, Canada Point Reyes, California, USA Gary Fellers, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, California, USA Patrick Kleeman, U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, California, USA Sydney, Florida, USA Dr. Foday M. Jaward, Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA Hilo, Hawaii, USA Dr. John Barnes, Director, Mauna Loa Observatory, Hilo, Hawaii, USA Groton, Connecticut, USA Dr. Penny Vlahos, Departments of Marine Sciences & Chemistry, University of Connecticut- Avery Point, Groton, Connecticut, USA S8