Name Date. Weathering Rocks
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1 Weathering Rocks Name Background Information In this lab, you will investigate the weathering of rocks, both mechanically and chemically. Mechanical weathering is also known as physical weathering, which is a process where rocks break down due to natural causes. Mechanical weathering can be caused by many factors such as wind, water, ice, thermal processes, other rocks, and plant roots. Chemical weathering is a process where rocks are decomposed, dissolved, or loosened by chemical processes to form residual products. Chemical weathering can be caused by many factors such as acid rain, carbonation, oxidation, and mineral hydration on the rocks. MATERIALS Document Camera Personal Computer Interactive White Board/Projector Sugar Cubes Jar with a Lid Steel Wool Forceps or Tongs Small Plastic Bags PROCEDURE Pre-Lab 1. You will be provided with pictures of mountains from various locations around the world. 2. Think about how the formation of the small rocks might occur around mountain ranges as they form. Discuss your ideas with others in your group or as a whole. Activity 1 Steel Wool 1. Label one small plastic bag Dry and the other plastic bag Wet. 2. Place a clump of dry steel wool into the Dry plastic bag. 3. Place a clump of wet steel wool into the Wet plastic bag. 4. Seal both bags. 1
2 5. Set up a document camera so both bags are in focus on the computer. 6. Set a time-lapse recording to take an image every 15 minutes for 3 days. 7. Answer the following questions: a. What is the independent variable? b. What are the dependent variables? c. What are the constants? d. How do the bags differ? e. What do you think will happen to the Dry steel wool after 3 days? f. What do you think will happen to the Wet steel wool after 3 days? 8. After 3 days, return to your two bags and stop the time-lapse recording. 9. Review your film/images and remove the steel wool from each bag 10. Record your observations about the appearance of the Dry and Wet steel wool. 11. With safety gloves and goggles on, pull apart the Dry steel wool with the forceps over a plain white piece of paper. 12. Record what has fallen on the piece of paper. a. Is this an example of mechanical or chemical weathering? 13. Make a drawing or use a picture from the document camera of what you have observed. 14. Repeat steps for the Wet steel wool. Activity 2 Sugar Cubes 1. Record observations on the sugar cubes appearance. 2. Take a picture with the document camera or draw one of the sugar cubes. 3. Place the sugar cubes in a jar. 2
3 4. State a hypothesis on what you think will happen to the sugar cubes when shaken 20 times in the jar. 5. Shake the sugar cubes 20 times and record your observations. 6. Pour the sugar cubes and contents onto a white piece of paper. Record your observations and take a picture of the crystals from the same distance with the document camera. a. What changes have occurred to the sugar cubes? b. What changes have occurred to individual crystals? c. Are the changes due to chemical or mechanical weathering?why? 7. Place the sugar cubes back in the jar and shake 20 more times. 8. Repeat step 6. QUESTIONS Activity 1 Name 1. In what ways do the contents of the bags differ? 2. Was it easy or hard to pull apart the Dry wool? Wet? 3. What caused the changes of the Wet wool? 4. Is this considered mechanical or chemical weathering? Why? 3
4 5. Apply what you have learned in this lab, on how weathering can happen to a rock? Remember water can exist in 3 forms; gas, liquid, or solid. Activity 2 1. What changes do you notice in the image taken of the sugar cubes after weathering had occurred? 2. After the second shaking, are the sugar cube crumbs greater, the same, or less than the first shaking? 3. Describe how the individual crystals that made up the sugar cubes changed. 4. Is this mechanical or chemical weathering? Explain your answer. Final Questions 1. What is the major difference between mechanical and chemical weathering? 2. How are these forces changing the Earth? 4
5 3. Provide examples of how these changes are affecting the area in where you live. 5
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