EGRU, JCU. 7 th December 2017 Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Aims and Scope
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1 Fertility assessment for Au-Cu of Pennsylvanian early Permian volcanic rocks of the Townsville Bowen region (NE Queensland, Australia): a whole rock and zircon trace element geochemical approach Isaac Corral* 1, Zhaoshan Chang 1, Carl Spandler 1, Fredrik Sahlström 1, Helge Behnsen 1 1 EGRU, JCU Isaac.CorralCalleja@jcu.edu.au 7 th December 2017 Townsville, Queensland, Australia Aims and Scope Apply the current knowledge on magma fertility for Porphyry systems (Au- Cu) on Pennsylvanian early Permian volcanic rocks - Whole rock geochemistry of least altered/weathered rocks (n= 210) - Zircon trace element geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS; n= 400) Narrow down the exploration area - Target smaller and more prospective areas
2 Why Volcanic rocks? Porphyry copper stocks are emplaced at certain depth (< 4.5km) Not direct access to the causative intrusions If granitic rocks are cropping out implies high erosion level the volcanic pile and probably the porphyry stocks may be eroded away Sillitoe, 2010 If the volcanic pile is present (low erosion level), the chances of preservation of the porphyry intrusion are higher Geological Setting The study area includes: - Northern New England Orogen - Thomson Orogen -Andean-style continental margin -Developed along the E margin of Godwana during the Carboniferuos-Permian to Mesozoic Modified from Kositcin et al. (2015)
3 Geological Setting Whole Rock 210 samples TOWNSVILLE Townsville-Paluma Bowen Basin BOWEN Connors-Auburn Geological Setting TOWNSVILLE Townsville-Paluma Bowen Basin BOWEN Connors-Auburn
4 Geological Setting TOWNSVILLE BOWEN Mt. Carlton Crush Creek Mt. Vista-Mt. Poole Sample Preparation Check for alteration PIMA Thin Section Submit fresh/least altered rocks to ACME labs (Canada) WR Geochemistry Simplified from Pontual et al. (1997)
5 Cu-Au and Cu fertility concept Loucks (2014) Cu-Au Cu-(Au) Porphyry generally have Sr/Y> 35 - Fractional crystallization magma - High Pressure - Slow cooling - Long-lived Accumulation of H 2 O in residual melt Early crystallization of hornblende (before plg) V/Sc ratio >10 (> *wt%SiO 2 ) - Accounted for Elevated content of dissolved H 2 O and/or elevated pressure - Indicative of an early hornblende precipitation (suppression of magnetite) Au-Ore-Forming arc Magmas concept Loucks (2012) Gold-ore-forming magmas are: - Derived by partial melting of lithospheric mantle to a greater degree than goldinfertile magmas - Tracked by the ratios of elements with high partition coefficient over moderate partition coefficient (e.g., Nb/Y)
6 Whole Rock Geochemistry; Resutls Bowen Basin Connors-Auburn Townsville-Paluma Alteration Box Plot: Advanced Argillic Alteration Index (AAAI) vs Ishikawa Alteration Index (AI) of Large et al. (2001), and Williams and Davidson (2004). Cu-Au Fertility Sr/Y vs SiO 2 Sr/Y> 35 for >57wt%SiO 2 Fertile field (Intrusives) Barren field (volcanic suits)
7 Cu-Au Fertility: Sr/Y vs SiO2 TOWNSVILLE BOWEN Cu-(Au) Fertility V/Sc vs SiO 2 V/Sc>10; Cut off: V/Sc= *SiO 2 Fertile field Barren field (volcanic suits) (Intrusives)
8 Cu-(Au) Fertility: V/Sc vs SiO2 TOWNSVILLE BOWEN Au Fertility: Nb/Y vs SiO2 Fertile field (Intrusives) Continental Arcs on Proterozoic Basement Barren field (volcanic suits)
9 Au Fertility: Nb/Y vs SiO2 TOWNSVILLE BOWEN Zircon Trace element Geochemistry
10 Sample Preparation - Zircon Separation and mounting - Zircon petrography - CL imaging - U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating - Combination of CL+Optical microscope Selection spots for Zircon Trace Elements - Data reduction; Sills, Glitter, Iolite Rejection of only <30% of the analyzed zircons Samples location 400 zircon spots in 50 samples TOWNSVILLE Townsville Bowen Basin BOWEN Mt. Carlton Connors-Auburn Crush Creek
11 Zircon Trace elements Cu fertility Lu et al., Comparison of mineralized and barren volcanic suits - Eu/Eu* and (Eu/Eu*)/Y good indicators of extremely high magmatic water content - Oxidizing magma conditions - Indicating an early prolific hornblende crystallization suppressing feldspar Zircon Trace elements Geochemistry Bowen Basin Mt. Carlton Bowen Basin Crush Creek Connors - Auburn Townsville
12 Eu/Eu* vs (Ce/Nd)/Y Connors-Auburn Bowen Basin (Crush Creek) Bowen Basin (Mt. Carlton) Townsville Cu, Mo, Au Systems Barren Systems 10000*(Eu/Eu*)/Y vs (Ce/Nd)/Y Connors-Auburn Bowen Basin (Crush Creek) Bowen Basin (Mt. Carlton) Townsville Cu, Mo, Au Systems Barren Systems
13 Crystal fractionation of Hornblende Lee et al., 2017 Evolved crustal melts & fractionated melts Connors-Auburn Bowen Basin (Crush Creek) Bowen Basin (Mt. Carlton) Townsville Least evolved melts contaminated with high U, Th & REEs Crystal fractionation of hbl, tit and ap Crystal fractionation of hornblende, titanite and apatite Ce/Ce* Proxy for Oxidation 6 to to to to to 120
14 Concluding Remarks - Cu-Au fertile magmas are characterized by: High water content Oxidized conditions Early hornblende crystallization - Both Whole rock (Sr/Y; V/Sc) and Zircon trace element (Eu/Eu*; Eu/Eu*) geochemistry are in agreement, confirming these conditions for the TSV- Bowen region volcanic rocks - Fertility parameters ALSO WORK IN VOLCANIC ROCKS - The study area is an arc segment with the ideal geochemical conditions for the generation of porphyry systems - Combination of both methods helps to narrow down the exploration areas All Fertility Parameters Paluma Range Potential Target areas? E Mt. Stuart Mt. Dillon prospect area W margin Bowen Basin Eungela Dam Area
15 Thanks for your attention and support Black River Quarry
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