Elisabeth Nadin Greg Hirth Jason Saleeby
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1 Origins and Strength f the Prt-Kern Canyn Fault, Sierra Nevada Bathlith, and implicatins fr the strength f cntinental lithsphere alng a lnglived transpressinal fault Elisabeth Nadin Greg Hirth Jasn Saleeby
2 Cntents 1. Overview f central and suthern Sierra Nevada (CA) shear znes 2. Depth and temperature prfile f a lng-lived shear zne (prt-kern Canyn fault) 3. Fabrics f undefrmed vs defrmed plutnic and defrmed metasedimentary rcks. Estimates f stress alng the fault 5. Strain rate estimates 6. Implicatins fr the strength f the lithsphere with depth Discussin sectin: questins n shear znes that arse during this year s Structural Gelgy & Tectnics Frum
3 There are lts f preserved shear znes in the central and suthern SNB Intra-arc defrmatin recrded by 1 mapped discrete ductile and ductilebrittle shear znes that are preserved at plutnic levels Well studied: timing, sense f mtin, P/T cnditins, rck fabrics New/in prgress: timing, defrmatin cnditins, stress/strain estimates Nadin et al., 2016
4 Shear znes fllw age gradients Lcated between lder/clder (>100 Ma) and yunger/htter (<95 Ma) sectins f the bathlith strng hrizntal thermal gradients develped between lngitudinal age znes f the bathlith (Bartn & Hansn, 1989) --> ideal fr strain lcalizatin
5 Shear znes yung frm west t east defrmatin style changes frm nrth t suth* Cntractinal Cntractinalàdextral Dextral *r at least it seems suth is different frm central span f dcumented mtin span f pssible mtin weak, dmainal defrmatin Age (Ma) Bench Canyn Mt. Hffman Sing Peak Quartz Muntain Kaiser Peak Curtright/Wishn Lng Lake Sawmill Kern Canyn- White Wlf prt-kern Canyn Rsy Finch Gem Lake Cascade Lake Virginia Canyn
6
7 Prt-Kern Canyn Fault: pprtunity t examine a vertical prfile f a shear zne T varies with depth, frm ~15 t ~530 C H I 15 11A B1 03B F 75 02B 80 02H 50 02A D F 530 Igneus depths (km) 30 11F H W Quaternary alluvium Tertiary vlcanic bdy Cretaceus intrusives Meszic pendant rcks prt-kern Canyn fault sample T C lcatin N Chapman et al., 2012 Nadin et al., Km
8 Walker Basin Breckenridge Fault LEGEND Nn-Bathlithic Elements 03H 03E 03G 02I 02O 03A 03D 02F H 02C E 02B Lake Isabella 11G 11C- 11E 11B Cenzic sediments and vlcanics 02A Late Cretaceus Rand schist metasedimentary basement remnants Suth Frk 11F 11H Tehachapi cmplex, nndifferentiated Bathlithic Intrusives Cretaceus, nndifferentiated Kels ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* pre-jurassic, nndifferentiated N Pre-faulting plutn (102 Ma) Quartz axes = randm T ~725 C (TitaniQ) P ~3.5 kbar (~11 km) (Al-in-hbl) n=119 Pre-faulting plutn (102 Ma) Quartz axes = randm T ~520 C (TitaniQ) P ~ kbar (~13 km) (Al-in-hbl) Ple plts are f quartz c axes, lwer hemisphere 11A Edisn Fault White Wlf Fault 10A 10C Cummings Tehachapi 10D 10F us mylnites fault Structural Symbls strike-slip fault Reverse fault (Negene - Quaternary) S. Sierra detachment system (Late Cretaceus - Palecene) Rand thrust (Late Cretaceus) Dminant attitude f high temperature defrmatin fabric (~ 90, 85-60, 59-30, < 30 dips) 6 n=131 cm
9 LEGEND Nn-Bathlithic Elements Cenzic sediments and vlcanics Late Cretaceus Rand schist Tehachapi cmplex, nndifferentiated metasedimentary basement remnants Bathlithic Intrusives Cretaceus, nndifferentiated ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* 03-B, nrthern PKCF (ca. 86 Ma Gld Ledge granite, ~12 km crystallizatin depth) 10-E, suthernmst PKCF (ca. 102 Ma Bear Springs, ~20 km depth) FOV ~0.5 cm EBSD: measured single grains f dynamically recrystallized quartz H 03E 03G 02I 02O 03A 03D 02F H 02C E 02B Lake Isabella 11G 11C- 11E 02A Suth Frk 11F 11H pre-jurassic, nndifferentiated 11B Breckenridge Fault Walker Basin Kels N 11A Edisn Fault White Wlf Fault 10A 10C Cummings Tehachapi Whle-sectin scan; FOV ~3 cm 10D 10F aceus mylnites fault Structural Symbls strike-slip fault Reverse fault (Negene - Quaternary) S. Sierra detachment system (Late Cretaceus - Palecene) Rand thrust (Late Cretaceus) Dminant attitude f high temperature defrmatin fabric (~ 90, 85-60, 59-30, < 30 dips)
10 LEGEND Nn-Bathlithic Elements 03H 03E 03G 02I 02O 03A 03D 02F H 02C E 02B Lake Isabella Cenzic sediments and vlcanics 02A Late Cretaceus Rand schist Tehachapi cmplex, nndifferentiated metasedimentary basement remnants Suth Frk Bathlithic Intrusives Cretaceus, nndifferentiated ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* pre-jurassic, nndifferentiated Sample Age (Ma) T ( C) Depth (km) Regime 02A xlizatin; 75 defrmatin B F H E Met. 2 02I Met J Met. nne (Kilian & Heilbrnner, 2017) regime 2 11G 11C- 11E 11B 11F 11H Breckenridge Fault Walker Basin Kels N 11A Edisn Fault regime 2 10A 10C Cummings Tehachapi 6 regime 3 Structural Symbls fault strike-slip fault 10D 10F us mylnites Reverse fault (Negene - Quaternary) S. Sierra detachment system (Late Cretaceus - Palecene) Rand thrust (Late Cretaceus) Dminant attitude f high temperature defrmatin fabric (~ 90, 85-60, 59-30, < 30 dips)
11 LEGEND Nn-Bathlithic Elements 03H 03E 03G 02I 02O 03A 03D 02F H 02C E 02B Cenzic sediments and vlcanics 02A Late Cretaceus Rand schist Tehachapi cmplex, nndifferentiated metasedimentary basement remnants Bathlithic Intrusives Cretaceus, nndifferentiated ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* pre-jurassic, nndifferentiated Sample Age (Ma) T ( C) Depth (km) Regime 03B (2-feldspar)à C Quartzite 1? 03F Phyllite nne 03G Quartzite nne Lake Isabella Suth Frk 11G 11C- 11E 11B 11F 11H Breckenridge Fault Walker Basin Kels N 11A Edisn Fault 10A 10C Cummings Tehachapi 6 10D 10F us mylnites fault Structural Symbls strike-slip fault Reverse fault (Negene - Quaternary) S. Sierra detachment system (Late Cretaceus - Palecene) Rand thrust (Late Cretaceus) Dminant attitude f high temperature defrmatin fabric (~ 90, 85-60, 59-30, < 30 dips) 03F, slide scan
12 LEGEND Nn-Bathlithic Elements 03H 03E 03G 02I 02O 03A 03D 02F H 02C E 02B Cenzic sediments and vlcanics 02A Late Cretaceus Rand schist Tehachapi cmplex, nndifferentiated metasedimentary basement remnants Bathlithic Intrusives Cretaceus, nndifferentiated ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* ca Ma* pre-jurassic, nndifferentiated Sample Age (Ma) T ( C) Depth (km) Regime 11F H vein A ca. 115* D ca l-strain? 10F ca ? Lake Isabella Suth Frk 10-F 11G 11C- 11E 11B 11F 11H Breckenridge Fault Walker Basin Kels N 11A Edisn Fault Cummings 10A 10C Tehachapi 10D 10F us mylnites fault Structural Symbls strike-slip fault Reverse fault (Negene - Quaternary) S. Sierra detachment system (Late Cretaceus - Palecene) Rand thrust (Late Cretaceus) Dminant attitude f high temperature defrmatin fabric (~ 90, 85-60, 59-30, < 30 dips) 6 10-D *the rthgneiss f Tweedy Creek is cnsidered a metasedimentary unit inside the 90 Ma part f the Dmelands suite
13 B (nrthern fault sectin) Mre # f Grains! = 10 %.'( ) *+.,( (Stipp & Tullis, 2003) Sample 02B 02H 03B1 03B2 03G 11H Stress (Mpa) H (suthern fault sectin) Bin Size (um)
14 Sample! (Mpa) T est ( C) Depth (km) Strain Rate 03B / ~ B / ~ B / H /-7 11 ~ I 0 1 +/- ~ H / (Prbably cled/exhumed during/befre defrmatin) Strain rate equatin: frm Hirth et al., 2001 Gverned by: defrmatin regime (dislcatin creep); differential stress (grain size); temperature; fugacity Gethermal gradient = 5C/km assumed fr magmatic arc x xx x x Nevitt et al., 2017 PKCF samples
15 CONCLUSIONS 1. Exhumed fault znes are excellent natural labratries that need further study in rder t cnstrain realistic rck strengths in defrmatin znes 2. The Prt-Kern Canyn fault was active during Sierra Nevada magmatic activity (95 85) Ma, as a transpressinal structure. The fault is exhumed t depths frm ~10 20 km, and verprints igneus and metamrphic rcks 3. Defrmatin is effectively halted alng the western cntact with lder (>100 Ma) intrusives, and is spaced thrugh the yunger intrusives alng the eastern edge. Defrmatin fabrics are mst intense in the yungest and warmest intrusive rcks.. Estimated fault stresses range frm ~0 110 MPa, which, cupled with temperature estimates frm C, yield strain rates frm ~10-1 (in lder, reheated metamrphic rcks) t MPa (in the deepest/warmest rcks). [This is cnsistent with ther shear zne studies in the SNB, i.e., Nevitt et al., 2017].
16 Discussin Questins frm January SGTF Strength f shear znes Can equilibrium mineral assemblages in shear zne rcks be used t reliably quantify water cntent at time f defrmatin and therefre be used as evidence fr hydrlytic weakening? Hw can we quantitatively relate quartz micrstructures fund in experimentally defrmed rcks t thse fund in naturally defrmed rcks? (I.e., when relating naturally defrmed rcks t experimentally defrmed rcks, hw can we be sure we're cmparing apples t apples?) What mechanisms cntrl shear zne width? Given a large-scale shear zne that narrws thrugh time and space as strain lcalizes, what evidence wuld be required in rder t quantify shear zne thickness (width) at a given time?
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