Mineralogical & Chemical Studies of Gel-e-sarshooy (shampoo clay) in Manian-Iran

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1 Mineralogical & Chemical Studies of Gel-e-sarshooy (shampoo clay) in Manian-Iran Zohre Moosavinasab Dep.Of geology, Islamic azad university- Estahban Branch-Iran Phone No.: E mail: z_moosavinasab@yahoo.com. Abstract Shampoo clay had been extracted from 30 years ego in Manian Village, Jahrom city, Fars province, in Iran. These clays used as shampoo for cleaning and brightness of hairs in Iran and adjacent countries. Theses clays have special properties such as extensive swelling in water and water absorption but only little studies have been done on them. In this research, IR, XRD, XRF, SEM & CEC analysis concluded that theses clays are very similar to bentonite. Key words: shampoo clay, bentonite,, Manian, Jahrom, Iran. Introduction Distribution of clay minerals is noticeable in Iran but few studies have been performed in this Field. Clay minerals can be found in various forms such as shales,mudstones, bentonite, etc. Bentonite and shampoo clay deposits are included only 0.43% of total mines of Iran. [] Mehrijan(Esfahan), Khushab(khorasan) and Rasham(Semnan) are some of bentonite mines in Iran.. [] 3. Geological Setting The study area is located near Manian village in 43 km of southeast of jahrom in Fars province and at the southern limb of Karbasi anticline (fig.). This area in terms of geological divisions of Iran is part of the Zagros zone. Some of Cenozoic formations that were exposed in this area are Sachun, Asmari, Jahrom, Razak, Mishan,(fig.) 4. Characteristics of Mineral Deposit This mineral deposit had been extracted as hair cleaner material (shampoo clay) from 30 years ago and at that time it was the only shampoo clay deposit in Fars province. Shampoo clay is yellow to green colored and has greasy touch. Thin layers of clay (0.5-m thickness) is located with southward dip between thick layers of Asmari-Jahrom limestone. Because of such placement, narrow high dip tunnels had been used for extraction of shampoo clay (fig.). 5. Methods Method are consist of sampling, sample preparation, separation of clay sized portion(less than µm) and doing different analytical methods such as XRF, XRD, IR, CEC, expansibility and SEM. 7

2 6. Sampling and Sample Preparation More than0 samples were taken from clays and related marls. Samples classified on basis of color, luster and 7 samples were selected for different analysis. Results showed that two samples (No.7 and No.8) are the most pure samples. These samples were selected and clay -sized portion (<µm) was separated. XRF, XRD and expansibility analysis was performed by Kansaran-e- Binalood Co., CEC by Water & Soil Co., SEM pictures in Engineering College of Shiraz University and IR by Geological Society of Iran. 7. XRD Results X-Ray Diffraction results shows characteristic peaks of smectite group clay minerals (fig3). In both samples Na-montmorillonite is major phase, quartz is minor phase and albite is trace phase. Presence of albite may be a sign of igneous origin for bentonites, but more accurate judgment requires REE studies [3]. 8. XRF Results X-ray fluorescence results of samples No.7 and No.8 have been compared with Wyoming Bentonite [4,5]. Many similarities were observed between them. Table () shows major oxides in Manian samples. Relatively high Mg content may be result of alkaline nature of sea water [6]. XRF results also was compared with some of bentonites in Iran and the world such as Aftar(Semnan) [7], south west bentonites of Iran [5], Patagonia [8], Guayaquil(Ecudor) [9], Asegua and Melo(Brazil. [5,6] ), Uruguay [0], San Juan(Argentina) []. In all cases many similarities were observed. Other than major elements, frequency of minor and trace elements also measured in samples (table). Zr content of these samples fall in the range of average shale composition (00±00 ppm) [].Trace elements such as Ba, Rb, Sr, and Pb can be replaced for K in K-rich minerals; therefore their presence in montmorillonite or illite-muscovite can be expected. 9. IR Results Comparison of infrared spectroscopy results with references [3,4], reveals stretching and deformation of OH group in both Manian samples (fig.3). Absorption band of Si-O-Si stretching, AlAlOH deformation and AlFeOH deformation also appear in both samples. 0. CEC and Expansibility Results Cation Exchange Capacity of selected samples is meq per 00g soil. However Grim. [4] mentioned average CEC value for smectites. Different factors may be effect on CEC such as presence of different minerals as impurities, grain size Expansion potential testing of samples showed 0% and % expansion that can be considered high. [5]. SEM Images In order to study of clay mineral morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope, one sample was coated with gold in vacuum by sputtering method. Comparison of obtained image with references [4,,6]. Sheeted structure of montmorillonite can be seen [4]. 73

3 . Conclusion Different analysis (XRF, XRD, IR, CEC, expansibility and SEM) revealed many similarities between Shampoo Clay samples and most famous bentonites around the world. As Hewett(97) mentioned: bentonite is a clayey material originated from insitu alteration of volcanic ash and consist of smectite group minerals, specially montmorillonite; and is recognized by highly plastic, colloidal and swelling characteristics. But what is remains as a question is the relationship between volcanic origin of bentonite and origin of shampoo clay in Manian that is part of stratigraphic column of Inner Fars, Zagros with no trace of volcanic or igneous rock types. However an important conclusion is that Shampoo clay is a bentonite or montmorillonite-rich clay that can have wide applications other than a simple use as shampoo. 3. References [] Emami,M.,The Mines of Iran, Shiraz Regional Library of Science and Technology,(996) [] Karimpour,M.H.,Applie Economic Geology,Nashre Mashhad, Mashhad_Iran (995) [3] Uysal,T. and Golding,S.D. Chem.Geol.93, 67 (003) [4]Grim,R.E., Clay Mineralogy Mac Graw-Hill Book Company(968) [5] Mahjoori,R. A., Applied Clay Science, 69 (996) [6] Harder,H., Chem.Geol.,9, 3 (97) [7]Bazargani_Guilani,K. and Rabani,M.S., Iranian journal of crystallography and mineralogy,,69 (004) [8] Lombardi, B., Baschini, M. and Torres Sanchez,R.M. App.Clay Sci.,,309 (003) [9] Morales Carrera, A.M., Varajoa, A.F.D. & Mendes,J.C. Applied Mineralogy (004), ISBN x [0] Calarge,L.M. and Meunierr,A. and Formoso,M.L.L. Journal of South American Earth Sciences,6, 87 (003) [] Allo, W.A. and Murray,H.H. Applied Clay Science 5, 37 (004) []Taylor,S.R. and MacLennan,S.M., The continental crust : its composition and evolution Blackwell,Oxford (985) [3] Madejova, J. and Komadel,P., Clays and clay minerals 49,40 (00) [4] Johnston,C. and Premachandra, G., Soil and Environmental Sciences, April (00) [5] Day,R.W.,Soil testing manual,procedures, classification data, and sampling practices, 00, Mc Graw Hill, 57p. [6]Mutakyahawa, M.K.D, Jour. Of Afri.Earth Sci., 34,3 (00) 74

4 Table-major oxides in Manian samples (M7, M8) Table- trace elements in Manian samples (ppm) Major Oxides SiO Al O 3 Fe O 3 CaO Na O K O MgO TiO L.O.I M M Trace elements Ba Co Cr Cu Mo Nb Ni Pb Rb Sr Th U V W Y Zn Zr La Ce M M Table3-comparison of IR analysis results of Manian samples with reference samples Absorption intensity M8 M7 Observation Reference Strong Structural OH group stretching 367 Weak H-O-H curvature vibration combined band 353 Relative strong Water OH group deformation 634 weak 00 7 Si-O stretching 04 Relative strong AlAlOH deformation 97 Relative strong AlFeOH deformation 885 Relative strong 8 8 AlMgOH deformation 84 weak 6 67 Si-O and Al-O coupling 60 strong Al-O-Si deformation 54 Relative strong Si-O-Si deformation 466 Figure-part of geological map of Kushk (original scale is :00000) circle showed Manian. 75

5 Fig.-a tunnel for extraction of shampoo clay Fig.3-XRD graph of manian sample Fig.4-IR spectrograph of Manian sample Fig5-SEM image of Manian sample( 000) 76