Modified Dry Mixing (MDM) a new possibility in Deep Mixing

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1 Modified Dry Mixing (MDM) a new possibility in Deep Mixing Hercules Geo-Trans

2 Structure of presentation 1. The MDM process 2. The MDM system new possibilities 3. Major advantages 4. Field tests 5. QC of MDM columns 6. Applications 7. Summary of main points Geo-Trans

3 The MDM Process - Penetration Purpose Improved mixing capabilities Improved penetration capabilities Increased water content Increased sensitivity Increased liquidity index Fluidisation of the soil Mechanical Hydraulic Zone program Computer controlled Water flow/pressure Penetration speed Geo-Trans

4 The MDM Process - Retrieval Purpose Optimize mixing of binder Introduction of dry binder Zone program Computer controlled Binder content Mixing energy Geo-Trans

5 Column Strength Versatility of MDM MDM Wet mixing Dry mixing Wet, soft Applicable soils Dry, hard Geo-Trans

6 Deep Mixing Equipment Wet MDM MDM Dry Geo-Trans Geo-Trans

7 Major advantages Wide spectrum of soils dry/wet soft/stiff Tailor-made columns Optimized water content Optimized binder content No surface spoil Computerised process control Same equipment for wet & dry mixing Geo-Trans

8 Field test in stiff dry sand, Sweden Existing soil parameters Fine to medium sand q c -value tsf water content 5 15% Column parameters Diameter 31.5 in Length 33 ft Binder content 28 lb/ft 3 Geo-Trans

9 Water content; before & after installation Water content [%] Depth [m] 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 Geo-Trans

10 Unconfined compression strength vertical stress (MPa) E 50 - modulus: MPa ( psi) Permeability: 10-8 m/s vertical stress (psi) SI units American units 0 0,5 1 1,5 axial strain (%) Geo-Trans

11 Field test in very soft clay, Sweden Soil parameters Very soft clay Shear strength: 3 5 psi Water content: 60 80% Liquidity index: Column parameters Diameter 24 in Length 33 ft Binder content 28 lb/ft 3 Geo-Trans

12 Achieved results Improved homogeneity Compared to dry mixing Coefficient of variation 15 to 30% Compressive strength: q=834 psi Geo-Trans

13 Field test in September 2004 very soft clay Purpose Behaviour of two test embankments Design column strength Comparison between Dry mixing & MDM regarding behaviour & cost efficiency Mixing tool evaluations Performed in conjunction with Swedish Road Authority Control objectives Settlement Strength UCS CD Triaxial CU Triaxial Variation of strength Pore pressure Chemical analysis (Ca) Behaviour of geogrid (load transfer platform) Geo-Trans

14 QC of MDM columns Core sampling Load testing Pressure meter ICT (Instant Core Testing, under development) Detailed recording of column properties Geo-Trans

15 Applications Embankments Levee walls Foundation Retaining walls Cut off walls Geo-Trans

16 Modified Dry Mixing Differences in design compared to dry mixing for embankments: Standard Dry Mix Modified Dry Method Column c.c. Increase column c.c. Increase column c.c. with MDM and reduce # of columns needed for a given load. Reduces installation time and overall project cost. Geo-Trans Copyright, Inc 2002 THE 10 MDM SYSTEM

17 Strength vs water cement ratio clay col (kpa) lime/cement cement wbr Geo-Trans

18 Sensitivity vs liquidity index Geo-Trans

19 Effect of mixing energy UCS [kpa] gyttja-cs200-std gyttja-cs gyttja-cs300-std gyttja-cs % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% strain Geo-Trans

20 Eurocode Deep Mixing Deep Mixing Dry Mixing Wet mixing Unified definitions MDM included Geo-Trans

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