A View of Earth. Luc Ikelle 2012
|
|
- Dylan Thomas
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A View of Earth Luc Ikelle 2012
2 A View of Earth (Apollo 17) Dry lands (deserts) oceans Wetter climate Ocean and atmosphere Antarctica: Glacial ice
3 Earth s spheres (1) The most dynamic portion of Earth Atmosphere Thin gaseous envelope surrounding Earth Hydrosphere Water dominated by the oceans Biosphere All living things on the planet Lithosphere Rocky outer shell
4 Earth s spheres: the atmosphere (2) Composition is unique in the solar system Provides Air we breathe and protects from the Sun s intense heat. Thin (90% in 16 km) and tenuous 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen (not present in early atmosphere) Minor amounts of carbon dioxide, argon and water vapor
5 Earth s spheres: the hydrosphere (3) Total mass of water on or near Earth s surface Covers 71% of Earth s surface ~98% in oceans (blue planet) 2% in glaciers, groundwater, lakes and streams (fresh water)
6 Earth s spheres: the biosphere (4) All life on Earth Animals & plants on land, in the sea and air (tree roots, flying insects and birds, ) There life in ocean floor the pressure is extreme and no light penetrate. Microorganisms - the most common form of life Evolved within narrow zone near the Earth s surface
7 A view of Earth Earth s spheres Earth s interior: description Earth s interior: evidence Major features of Earth s surface
8 Earth s internal structure Solid Earth has a layered structure Layers defined by composition and physical properties Compositional layers crust - mantle - core Physical layers lithosphere - asthenosphere - mesosphere - outer core - inner core
9
10
11 Crust Compositional Layers Outermost compositional layer Definite change in composition at the base of the crust 2 types: Continental crust (up 75 km thick in Himalaya), Oceanic crust (~ 8 km thick)
12 Mantle Compositional Layers Largest layer in the earth 2900 km thick 82% by volume 68% by mass Composed of silicate rocks with abundant iron and magnesium Density ranges from 3.2 to 5 g/cc
13 Core Compositional Layers Central mass about 7000 km in diameter Average density of 10.8 g/cc 16% by volume, 32% of mass Indirect evidence of composition Metallic iron
14
15 Lithosphere/asthenosphere Lithosphere = crust + uppermost part of the mantle Astenosphere = part of the mantle beneath the lithosphere Continental crust Oceanic crust Lithosphere mantle Asthenosphere Lithosphere The uppermost part of the mantle is strong and solidly attached to crust).
16 Physical layers: lithosphere Crust + upper portion of the mantle Solid & rigid Thickness ranges from 10 km beneath oceans to 300 km in continental areas
17 Physical layers: continental crust Thick - up to 75 km Lower density g/cm 3 Strongly deformed Much older - may be billions of years old
18 Physical layers: oceanic crust Thinner - about 8 km More dense g/cm 3 Comparatively undeformed Much younger < 200 million years old
19 A view of Earth Earth s spheres Earth s interior: description Earth s interior: evidence Major features of Earth s surface
20 Waves Elastic waves are generated whenever there is a sudden deformation a sudden movement of a portion of the medium
21 Waves Examples of man-made seismic sources Explosion Weight drop Drilling Vibroseis (tractions),...
22 Two types of deformations Volumetric change (P-waves, compressional waves) Change of shape (S-wave, shear waves) Source: Duan (2010)
23 P-waves (compressional waves) P-waves (i) similar to sound waves, (ii) series of contractions and relaxations, (iii) fastest, ~5 km/sec (depends on rock type), (iv) travel through solid, liquid and gas Source: Ikelle and Amundsen (2005); IPS
24 S-waves (shear waves) S-waves motion is (i) right angles to direction of wave, (ii) about half the speed of P waves, and (iii) travel only through solids Source: Ikelle and Amundsen (2005); IPS
25 P-wave S-wave Source: Duan (2010)
26 1.5 km Horizontal source 2.5 km Source: petroleum-seismology.com
27 Sea surface (marine/offshore) (Air/water/solid) 2.5 km Source: petroleum-seismology.com
28 1.5 km Free surface (land/onshore) (Air/solid/solid) 2.5 km Source: petroleum-seismology.com
29 Exploring Earth s interior with seismic waves Seismic waves travel at different speeds in different rocks
30 Seismic waves & ground shaking Surface waves: propagate near the Earth surface, slower than body waves L-waves: Love, move back/forth (snake) R-waves: Rayleigh, move like ripples on a pond Source: Duan (2010)
31 Source: Duan (2010)
32 Recording seismic waves: seismograms Seismograms: records of ground shaking Waves arrive in sequence. P waves first S waves second Surface waves last (cause most of the property damage in an earthquake). Source: Duan (2010)
33 Interior with seismic waves Discovery of Core-Mantle boundary: P-waves do not arrive in the P-wave shadow zone ( ) Source: Duan (2010)
34 Interior with Seismic Waves (cont.) Discovering two parts of the core: liquid outer core & solid inner core S-waves do not arrive in the S-wave shadow zone P-wave reflection within the core Source: Duan (2010)
35 Source: Duan (2010)
36 refraction Source: Duan (2010)
37 A View of Earth Earth s spheres Earth s interior: description Earth s interior: evidence Major features of Earth s surface
38 World map
39 World map
40 World map
41 North and Central Americas
42 Central America Caribbean sea
43 South America
44 Europe
45 Africa
46 Asia
47 Oceania
48 Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean All oceans and seas together = the world ocean
49 Northern Hemisphere 61% ocean Equator Southern Hemisphere 81% ocean BUT, on a planetary scale, the ocean is small 0.13% of Earth s volume more water within Earth s interior than in its ocean and atmosphere
50 Some Additional Statistics Average land elevation = 840 m Average ocean depth = 3,800 m Average ocean temperature = 3.9 o C About 50% of Earth s population lives <240 km from the ocean In Japan, 96% of the population lives <100 km from the ocean
51 Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB) A scientific drilling project in the USSR to drill into the Earth's crust goal = 15 km began digging in 1970 in 1992, reached a final depth of 12 km 245 o C! <1/500 of Earth s radius
52 Problems How do we know that the outer core is liquid? Is the core a constituent of the asthenosphere? List and briefly describe the four spheres that constitute our environment. Can P-wave velocity be greater than S-wave velocity? Can S-wave propagate in the sea water? Is Guatemala in North, Central, or South America? Where is the Gulf of Aden? Which one of these components (crust, mantle, core) of Earth is the heaviest? Which one of these components (crust, mantle, core) occupies the largest volume of Earth. Which one of these components (oceans and continents) occupies the largest portion of the surface Earth.
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 2 THE EARTH Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationChapter 2. The Planet Oceanus
Chapter 2 The Planet Oceanus Composition of the Earth The Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in chemistry and physical properties. There are two different ways to describe
More informationTopic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by:
Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p. 65-85) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: --sedimentary horizontal rock layers (strata) are found
More informationEngineering Geology. Earth Structure. Hussien aldeeky
Earth Structure Hussien aldeeky 1 Earth major spheres 1. Hydrosphere Ocean is the most prominent feature of the hydrosphere. - Is nearly 71% of Earth's surface - Holds about 97% of Earth's water Fresh
More informationMajor Domain of the Earth
Major Domain of the Earth The surface of the earth is a complex zone in which three main components of the environment meet, overlap and interact. The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called
More informationTuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth
Tuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth Objective: Describe the solar system and Earth s location in it. Identify Earth s shape. Discuss Earth s structure. List Earth s landforms Do Now: What is a compass
More informationChapter 7 Plate Tectonics
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Earthquake = vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. Seismic Waves Focus = the place within the Earth where the rock breaks, producing an earthquake.
More informationEarth Systems Overview
Earth Systems Overview The Earth is a system consisting of four major interacting components known as spheres: the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the geosphere Let s examine
More informationImportant information from Chapter 1
Important information from Chapter 1 Distinguish between: Natural hazard // Disaster // Catastrophe What role does human population play in these categories? Know how to read a Hazard Map, such as Figure
More informationEarth s Interior Earth - Chapter 12 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College
Earth s Interior Earth - Chapter 12 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Probing Earth s Interior Most of our knowledge of Earth s interior comes from the study of earthquake waves. Travel times
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 1. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1 The Earth as a System The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.
More informationSection 1: The Geosphere
Section 1: The Geosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Earth as a System Discovering Earth s Interior The Composition of the Earth The Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Section 1: The
More informationTHE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres?
Hon Environmental Science THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres? 1. geosphere 2. atmosphere 3. hydrosphere 4. biosphere Now, describe each
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? Earthquakes An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
More information1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. A geologist who compares nonsedimentary rock samples from locations A and B would probably find that the samples
More informationUnit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes
The Dynamic Earth Unit Topics Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes Topic 1: Earth s Interior Essential Question:
More informationRESTLESS EARTH - CHAPTER 4
RESTLESS EARTH - CHAPTER 4 continental crust - Composition is similar to granite and forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed. oceanic crust - Composition similar to basalt. It is thinner,
More informationCONTENT. A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction. B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence
Name Earth Science Date Period TOPIC THE DYNAMIC EARTH CONTENT A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence C. Theory of Plate Tectonics
More informationMoho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle
Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic
More informationPlate Tectonics CHAPTER 17
Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Layers of the Earth A. Crust- solid, 5-70 km thick Moho Two Types of Crust: Oceanic- ocean floor, more dense then because of more iron Continental-dry land (mostly silicates
More informationWhat is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.
What is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. 1 2 The Branches of Earth Science Major Astronomy (celestial objects, space,
More information1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
CHAPTER 12 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen SECTION Earthquakes KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is elastic rebound? What are the similarities and differences between
More information1 Inside the Earth. What are the layers inside Earth? How do scientists study Earth s interior?
CHAPTER 7 1 Inside the Earth SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the layers inside Earth? How do scientists study
More informationThe Dynamic Crust 2) 4) Which diagram represents the most probable result of these forces? 1)
1. The diagrams below show cross sections of exposed bedrock. Which cross section shows the least evidence of crustal movement? 1) 3) 4. The diagram below represents a section of the Earth's bedrock. The
More informationThe Earth System Connections among the great spheres
Why should we discuss the Earth System? The Earth System Connections among the great spheres Before we delve into the connection between geology, health, and forensics, we must gain an appreciation of
More informationEarthquakes. Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Earth Science, 13e Chapter 8. Elastic rebound. Earthquakes. Earthquakes 11/19/2014.
and Earth s Interior Earth Science, 13e Chapter 8 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College General features Vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Associated with movements
More informationInvention of microscopes and telescopes expanded understanding of the Earth revealing new things
Miss Loulousis Began with careful observation Scientists in China began keeping records of earthquakes as early as 780BCE Maya tracked movements of the sun, moon, and planets Created calendars from observations
More informationThe oldest rock: 3.96 billion yrs old: Earth was forming continental crust nearly 400 billion years ago!!
Earth s vital statistics Shape: almost spherical Size: 6400km in radius Average density: 5.5gm/cc; surface: 3gm/cc or less; centre may be 10-15gm/cc 15gm/cc Temperature: core: 2200-2750 2750 o c Pressure:
More informationDirected Reading A. Section: Inside the Earth. 1. The Earth is composed of several. THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH. compounds make up the core?
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Inside the Earth 1. The Earth is composed of several. THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH 2. A substance composed of two or more elements is a(n) a. mix. c. compound.
More informationExploring The Planets: Earth
Exploring The Planets: Earth By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.24.17 Word Count 632 Level MAX An image of Earth, created by the Suomi NFP Satellite. This photo is created from
More information1. What is Earth Science? 2. Scientific Method 3. Measurements in Science 4. Communicating in Science
1. What is Earth Science? 2. Scientific Method 3. Measurements in Science 4. Communicating in Science Earth Scienceis the scientific study of Earth and the universe around it. Branches of Earth Science:
More informationChapter 12 Lecture. Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. Eleventh Edition. Earth s Interior. Tarbuck and Lutgens Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Eleventh Edition Earth s Interior Tarbuck and Lutgens Earth s Internal Structure Earth s interior can be divided into three major layers defined
More informationTopic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice
Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Earth Systems
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Chapter Wrap-Up Earth Systems Interactions of Earth Systems How can you describe Earth? What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with
More informationContinental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the
More informationRecall Hypsometric Curve?
Structure of the Earth (Why?) Recall Hypsometric Curve? Continental crust is very different from oceanic crust. To understand this, we need to know more about the structure & composition of Earth. But
More informationLECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science Date: 23 January 2018 I. Reminder: Exam #1 is scheduled for Feb 1st one week from Thursday o
More informationTHE EARTH S RELIEF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1º ESO
THE EARTH S RELIEF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1º ESO 1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Earth is divided into layers: The crust is the surface layer. It is a thin, solid layer made of rock. The Earth s crust has a
More informationEarly History of the Earth
OCN 201 Earth Structure Early History of the Earth Rapid accretion of Earth and attendant dissipation of kinetic energy caused tremendous heating Earth possibly melted completely In molten state, differentiation
More informationStandard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat and the evidence of Earth s internal structure.
Standard 2: Students will understand Earth s internal structure and the dynamic nature of the tectonic plates that form its surface. Standard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat
More informationEarth as a planet: Interior and Surface layers
Earth as a planet: Interior and Surface layers Bibliographic material: Langmuir & Broecker (2012) How to build a habitable planet Internal structure of the Earth: Observational techniques Seismology Analysis
More informationFORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. USE THESE NOTES: OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet? SO.HOW
More informationChapter 02 The Sea Floor
Chapter 02 The Sea Floor Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the following is not one of the world's major ocean basins: A. Atlantic Ocean B. Arctic Ocean C. Indian Ocean D. Antarctic Ocean E. Pacific
More informationWHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE
UNIT 8 WHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH... 2 2 THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES.... 2 2.1 Internal forces:
More informationWeek Five: Earth s Interior/Structure
Week Five: Earth s Interior/Structure The Earth s Interior/Structure Cut a planet in half See layers Most dense material (metals) at bottom Medium density material (rocks) in middle Even less dense (liquids
More informationAny Questions? 99.9 % of mass is in the Sun; 99 % of angular momentum is in the planets. Planets in two groups:
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationOrigin of solar system. Origin of solar system. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Any Questions? Class 2 15 January 2004
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationFormation of the Earth and Solar System
Formation of the Earth and Solar System a. Supernova and formation of primordial dust cloud. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS b. Condensation of primordial dust. Forms disk-shaped nubular cloud rotating counterclockwise.
More informationCanadian Geography 1202
Canadian Geography 1202 We live in a world that is interconnected. All things interact with each other. Unit One: Natural and Human Systems Curriculum Outcome 1.0 Students are expected to explain how
More informationMulti-station Seismograph Network
Multi-station Seismograph Network Background page to accompany the animations on the website: IRIS Animations Introduction One seismic station can give information about how far away the earthquake occurred,
More information5. EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH S INTERIOR
LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: 5. EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH S INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is ground shaking caused by sudden and rapid movement of one block of rock slipping past another along
More informationThe Earth. Overall Structure of Earth
The Earth Why Study The Earth??? It s our home! Where did life come from, where is it going. To understand the other planets. Study of other planets will, in turn, help us understand the Earth. Overall
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 1. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 1: The Geosphere DAY 1 The Earth as a System The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.
More informationGeologists are scientists who study Earth. They want to
What Is Inside Earth? Figure 1 Over time, the Grand Canyon in Arizona was carved out by the flowing water of the Colorado River. We can see that Earth s surface is constantly changing. But what is happening
More informationCan t t wait to take Exam 4!
Can t t wait to take Exam 4! Really can t wait to study for the final exam! 1 2 Housekeeping Exam 4: study glossaries, chapter questions TA lab closed after Tues. How to study for exam 4 Make lists for
More informationLayers of Earth Write us-
Layers of Earth Three Layers of Earth Crust, Mantle and Core Layers of Earth Layers of Earth : Our Planet, the Earth is made up of different layers. Each layer of the Earth has unique properties. In 1692,
More informationEarthquakes and Earth s Chapter. Interior
Earthquakes and Earth s Chapter Interior 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Focus and Epicenter Focus is the point within Earth
More informationChapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
Chapter 15 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
More informationChapter Two. Figure 02_02. Geography of the Ocean Basins. The Sea Floor
Chapter Two The Sea Floor Geography of the Ocean Basins Figure 02_02 The world ocean is the predominant feature on the Earth in total area. In the Northern Hemisphere, 61% of the total area is ocean. In
More informationDynamic Earth A B1. Which type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan Fault? (1) divergent (3) convergent (2) subduction (4) transform
Dynamic Earth A B1 1. The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by (1) reversed magnetic orientation (2) unusually rapid radioactive decay (3) frequent volcanic activity (4) low P-wave and
More informationChapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics
Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways o Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves o Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves and paths
More informationPlate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test
Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived
More informationGeosphere Final Exam Study Guide
Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Intro to Earth Systems 1. Name and describe Earth s 4 major spheres Geosphere-- nonliving, mostly solid rock divided into crust, mantle, and core Atmosphere a
More informationEarth Science Review Ch 1 & 2. Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science
Earth Science Review Ch 1 & 2 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science Lesson I - What is Earth Science Topic 1- Branches of Earth Science Earth Science - the study of Earth, its oceans, atmosphere, and
More information-Similar geology: mountain: ranges, folds, rock age, -Similar fossils: fg 12.4 p km apart across salt water ocean? Mesosaurus (fresh water)
Sec 12.1 p. 506 Evidence for Continental Drift Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508 -world map fig: fg 12.1 p. 506 Jigsaw
More information5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?
CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed
More informationUNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS
UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegner proposed the theory that the crustal plates are moving over the mantle. He argued that today s continents once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea
More informationWhat Do Scientists Know About Earth s Surface and Interior?
What Do Scientists Know About Earth s Surface and Interior? Earth s crust is very thick, and scientists may never be able to observe Earth s interior directly by going through the crust. But when a volcano
More informationChapter Seven: Heat Inside the Earth
Chapter Seven: Heat Inside the Earth 7.1 Sensing the Interior of the Earth 7.2 Earth s Interior 7.3 Density and Buoyancy Inside the Earth Investigation 7A All Cracked up What is a good way to model Earth?
More informationChapter 2: Physical Geography
Chapter 2: Physical Geography Pg. 39-68 Learning Goals for Chp2: q q q q q Explain how the Earth moves in space and why seasons change. Outline the factors that influence climate and recognize different
More informationNote-taking continued
continued Lesson 1 Earth Systems LA6223, SC6E74, SC6N15, MA6A36 Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson Discuss
More information1. A model of Earth's internal structure is shown below.
1. A model of Earth's internal structure is shown below. Analysis of which type of data led to the development of this model? A) seismic waves B) depth of Earth's oceans C) electromagnetic radiation D)
More informationOur Planet Earth. Earth Systems
Our Planet Earth Earth Systems What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or
More informationChapter 2 Geography. Getting to know Earth
Chapter 2 Geography Getting to know Earth Our Solar System Sun is at the center of our solar system Contains a lot of Mass» Mass gives the Sun gravitational pull» This keeps the planets in our solar system
More informationUNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter Nineteen: Changing Earth 19.1 Inside Earth 19.2 Plate Tectonics 19.3
More informationStructure of the Earth
Structure of the Earth What is the earth like below its surface? Inside the Earth 1:34 What makes up the interior of our planet? Compiled by Susan Weidkamp Chapter 22 Objectives To observe how change is
More informationQuestion #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere.
Name: Class: Date: Question #1 Assume that the diagram below shows a cross section of part of the lithosphere. Which diagram correctly shows what will happen to the lithosphere when pushed by tectonic
More informationExploring Inside Earth
Earth s Interior Exploring Inside Earth Earth s surface is constantly changing What is inside Earth? This question is very difficult to answer Much as geologists would like to, they cannot dig a hole to
More informationAlfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508
Sec 12.1 p. 506 Evidence for Continental Drift Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508 Evidence: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqm6n60bneo
More informationUNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter Nineteen: Changing Earth 19.1 Inside Earth 19.2 Plate Tectonics
More informationPopulation Growth. Our Number One Environmental and Resource Problem
Population Growth Our Number One Environmental and Resource Problem Growth Rate and Doubling Time Exponential growth Growth rate, G, measured as a percentage Doubling time, D=70/G 01_03 01_T02 Sustainability
More information1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans?
CHAPTER 13 1 Earth s Oceans SECTION Exploring the Oceans BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What affects the salinity of ocean water? What affects
More informationEarth s Changing Surface
Earth s Changing Surface Tectonics What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or
More informationRecall Hypsometric Curve?
Structure and Composition of the Earth (Why?) Recall Hypsometric Curve? Continental crust is very different from oceanic crust. To understand this, we need to know more about the structure & composition
More informationIntroduction to Earth Science
Introduction to Earth Science Overview of Earth Science Encompasses all sciences that seek to understand Earth Earth's neighbors in space Overview of Earth Science Earth science includes 1. geology, the
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Continental Drift. years ago? WEGENER S HYPOTHESIS
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Continental Drift 1. Who obtained new information about the continents and their coastlines 400 years ago? 2. What did people notice when they studied new world
More informationINTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES
INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES Seismology = Study of earthquakes Seismologists = Scientists who study earthquakes Earthquake = Trembling or shaking of the earth s surface, usually as a result of the movement
More informationBELLRINGER How close a group of measurements are to each other is called. 1. estimation 2. accuracy 3. precision. 0% 0% 0% 0% 4.
BELLRINGER How close a group of measurements are to each other is called 1. estimation 2. accuracy 3. precision 0% 0% 0% 0% 4. percent error estimation accuracy precision percent error Inside Earth Chapter
More informationName Period Date L.O: SWBAT DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE.(
Name Period Date L.O: SWBAT DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE.( 1. Scientists have inferred that Earth s original atmosphere was formed by the A) outgassing from Earth s interior B) erosion of
More informationWarm-Up. Explain why the Earth is like a chocolate chip cookie that was recently taken out of the oven. Mmm Earth Cookie
Warm-Up Explain why the Earth is like a chocolate chip cookie that was recently taken out of the oven Mmm Earth Cookie New Area of Focus: Layers of the Earth Learning about the earth s interior. The force
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 1 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 1 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More information5. What is an earthquake 6. Indicate the approximate radius of the earth, inner core, and outer core.
Tutorial Problems 1. Where Do Earthquakes Happen? 2. Where do over 90% of earthquakes occur? 3. Why Do Earthquakes Happen? 4. What are the formulae for P and S velocity 5. What is an earthquake 6. Indicate
More informationStudy Guide for Test: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes & Volcanoes
Name: KEY Date: Period: Study Guide for Test: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Copy of Class Notes at http://feldmannscience.weebly.com. Access website by computer or mobile device! Tutoring offered
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationEARTH AND UNIVERSE. Earth
EARTH AND UNIVERSE Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed over
More informationChapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth
Chapter 2, Section 1 Planet Earth (Pages 33 36) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: Where is Earth located in our solar system? How is Earth shaped? What is Earth s structure?
More informationThe giant Gas planets of the outer solar system. Rocky inner planets. Silicates with Iron/Nickel cores. Hydrogen, Helium, methane, water, ammonia
SUN Hydrogen (74%), some helium (24%) Rocky inner planets Silicates with Iron/Nickel cores The giant Gas planets of the outer solar system Hydrogen, Helium, methane, water, ammonia Where did the water
More informationThe structure of the Earth and how its motion creates the seasons. The landforms of the earth and the forces that shape the land.
The structure of the Earth and how its motion creates the seasons. The landforms of the earth and the forces that shape the land. The role of wind and water in creating climate. The different climate and
More informationEarth as Planet. Earth s s Magnetic Field. The Earth s s Crust. Earth s s Interior
Earth as Planet Earth s s Interior The Earth is a medium size planet with a diameter of 12,756 kilometers (7926 miles) Composed primarily of iron, silicon, and oxygen Nearly circular orbit and just the
More informationOur Journey to the Center of the Earth.
Our Journey to the Center of the Earth. Could we journey to the center of the Earth? If so, what do you think it would be like? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkynng ql7qm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bgmq2
More information