GRADE VI BEING PREPARED DURING VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES

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GRADE VI BEING PREPARED DURING VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES At the end of the module, you should be able to: Differentiate an active from an inactive volcano Describe the harmful effects of a volcanic

1 GRADE VI BEING PREPARED DURING VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES At the end of the module, you should be able to: Differentiate an active from an inactive volcano Describe the harmful effects of a volcanic eruptions Practice precautionary measures before, during and after volcanic eruptions Try to Recall What are found inside a volcano? Complete the puzzle below to recall them. 1 M 2 M D T H C R O N N X I E 3 R E 4 S L 5 C S U F R I O I D 1

2 Explore Activity 1 Is there a volcano in near your area? Find out when it last erupted. A. 1. Read the article below. Types of Volcanoes From Batanes to Jolo, volcanoes dot the whole Philippine Archipelago. There are more than 200 volcanoes in our country. Volcanoes are classified as active, potentially active or in active. An active volcano is one which has erupted within historic times (about 600 years in the Philippines). In the Philippines, there are 22 active volcanoes, five of these are considered very active. The five most active volcanoes in the Philippines. Time Location Albay Batangas Camiguin Sorsogon Negros Volcano Mount Mayon Mount Taal Mt. Hibok-Hibok Mt. Bulusan Mt. kanlaon No. of Eruptions Potentially active volcanoes are those suspected of seismic activity like Mount Apo in Davao. Lastly, in active volcanoes show no record of eruption and its form is beginning to change like Mount. Makiling in Laguna. source: Science and Health in Today s Environment Marcelina M. Miguel et.al p 454 2

Activity 2 The Mayon Volcano Mount Mayon has the classical conical shape of a strato volcano. It is the most active volcano in the Philippine. Since 1614, Mayon has erupted 47 times.

3 Activity 2 The Mayon Volcano Mount Mayon has the classical conical shape of a strato volcano. It is the most active volcano in the Philippine. Since 1614, Mayon has erupted 47 times. One of these was in 1814 when the entire town of Cagsawa was buried leaving only the church s steeple. The most recent eruption in 1993, began unexpectedly with an explosion. The initial eruption lasted only 30 minutes but it generated pyroclastic flows that killed 68 people and prompted the evacuation of 60,000 others. Its lower slope is fertile and there is heavy vegetation. However, the soil near the crater is always hot so plants do not grow. Answer these based from the above article 1. What type of volcano is Mayon? 2. When was its latest eruption? 3. What did the initial eruption generated? 4. Are there beneficial and harmful effects of volcanic eruptions? List them down. 5. Can we consider earthquake as one of the effects of eruption? How? 3

4 Activity 3 Check ( ) the box that tells the best time to do these measures. Activity Before After 1. Give warnings to the residents near the volcano. 2. Cultivate the soil around the volcano. 3. Stock canned goods and other basic needs. 4. Evacuate families and animals to a safer place. 5. Harvest ripe or matured crops. 6. Plant more trees and crops. 7. Clear possible pathways of lava flows. 8. Residents are advised to return home. 9. Turn off electrical connections. 10. Help in rebuilding the community. Read and learn more. When we think of volcanic eruptions, we can imagine it as pouring fire on the earth s surface and burning it. Lava flows out land thick accumulation of volcanic dust may do considerate damage to property. The really destructure feature of volcanic activity is the solid debris. The mixture of debris and gas is capable of moving down the mountainside. No living thing can survive its path. Poisonous fumes and gases coming out of the crater pollutes the environment. But even if volcanoes eruptions are destructive, some geologist still believe that volcanoes may be partly responsible for the air we breathe. Although they send out poisonous fumes, they also send out nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. People, animals, and plants need these gases to stay alive. During volcanic eruption, hydrogen and oxygen are released which combine to form water But the most widespread benefit of volcanic eruption is that they make the soil fertile. 4

5 Among the measures necessary before a volcanic eruption to occur are: 1. Disseminate information among affected communities. This should give them time to prepare for possible relocation. 2. Identify possible pathways of lava flows. 3. Seek a safe area for relocation. 4. Store up canned goods and other daily necessities. 5. Pack up clothes and valuables. 6. Bring animals to safety. 7. Harvest crops. 8. Shut down electrical connections of the community. 9. Restrict areas within proximity to possible lava flows. 10. Prepare pathways for lava flows. During the eruption is necessary that: 1. People stay in evacuation centers. 2. Cover your mouth and nose with wet cloth. 3. Listen for announcement. After a volcanic eruption, it is important to: 1. Wait for an official advisory from the government if it is safe to return to former abodes or residential areas. 2. Cultivate the land. 3. Await the advisory from the agriculturists if it is safe to plant again. 4. Reconnect electrical services. 5. Help out in rebuilding the community. 5

I LEARNED THAT: Volcanoes are openings in Earth s crust from which magma, ash and gas spurt. Volcanoes erupt when plates dive under the mantle and melt or split apart.

6 I LEARNED THAT: Volcanoes are openings in Earth s crust from which magma, ash and gas spurt. Volcanoes erupt when plates dive under the mantle and melt or split apart. Volcanoes are active if they send out smoke and steam and occasionally erupts. Inactive or dormant volcanoes have been quiet for hundreds of years but may suddenly erupt. Volcanic eruptions may bring forth effects that are both beneficial and/or harmful to life and environment. The benefits may outweigh the harm if precautionary measures before, during and after volcanic eruptions are carefully observed. Apply It Have you heard the Mt. Pinatubo eruption sometime in June 1991 in the province of Pampanga? Do you know that it erupted after more than 400 years of inactivity? 1. What kind of volcano is Mt. Pinatubo? 2. What were the effects of this eruption? 3. What precautionary measures did the government do to help the victims of eruption? 4. How can you help the victims of Mt. Pinatubo? 6

7 Test Yourself * A. Complete the organizers below. Volcano maybe maybe 1. Inactive Erupted within the last 600 years 2. 7

8 B. Describe the effects of volcanic eruptions as beneficial or harmful. Write the number of the statement on the correct column below. 1. Displacement of people from their homes. 2. Sickness such as allergies and respiratory ailments. 3. Geothermal power plants, which generate electricity. 4. Materials from a volcano are used in industries. 5. Heat energy from a volcano can make things work. 6. Schooling has been stopped. 7. Absence of work and jobs. 8. Lahar flows. 9. Fields are covered with ashes and volcanic rocks. 9. Makes the soil fertile. 10. Absence of water sources. 11. Causes earthquake. VOLCANIC ERUPTION Beneficial Effects Harmful Effects 8

9 C. Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. How can you protect yourself from ashes of an erupting volcano? A. Wear helmet. B. Wear a wide-brimmed hat. C. Cover your mouth and nose with a dry cloth. D. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth. 2. The volcano near your place is erupting. What should your family do? A. Hide under the house. B. Spray your house with water. C. Leave your house immediately. D. Strengthen the house with ropes. 3. A volcano erupted a month ago. People returned to their homes. One day it was announced that another eruption might occur. What should your family do? A. Evacuate if necessary. B. Wait until the volcano erupts. C. Ignore the radio announcement. D. Stay in the house and store some food and water. 9

10 Key to Correction Try to Recall Exploration Time Activity 1 Activity 2 Answer these: Activity 3 Apply it Test Yourself A. B. C. 1. active 2. has not erupted within the last 600 years Beneficial Harmful 3, 4, 5, 10 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, D 2. C 3. A 10

Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes. An active volcano is one that has erupted within recorded history.

Volcanoes A volcano is an opening in Earth s surface that erupts gases, ash, and lava. These materials pile up in layers around the opening, forming volcanic mountains. Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes.