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1 The Y2 project ( ) Time-space evolution of the Yilgarn Craton: implications for geodynamics Kevin Cassidy and the Y2 team Reduced D Risk through Improved Targeting
2 ineral d Why is the gold where it is Yilgarn clearly extremely well-endowed But major deposits generally in the Kalgoorlie Terrane and the Laverton tectonic zone (Laverton Terrane); little mineralisation in Gindalbie terrane What are the essential component processes in space and time How do we recognise the signature of essential processes Understanding the 4D evolution of the province and sub-provinces provides the starting point
3 ineral d Kalgoorlie Terrane (>125 Moz) Why is the gold where it is Gindalbie Terrane (<5 Moz) Yilgarn clearly extremely well-endowed But major deposits generally in the Kalgoorlie Terrane and the Laverton tectonic zone (Laverton Terrane); little mineralisation in Gindalbie terrane What are the essential component processes in space and time How do we recognise the signature of essential processes Understanding the 4D evolution of the province and sub-provinces provides the starting point
4 ineral d P d ore deposits are focal points of large-scale energy and mass flux systems important to recognise system even though the precise genetic links with mineralisation are unclear Y2 spatial prediction depends on the architecture and dynamics of ore systems knowledge of complex processes at a variety of scales paramount Hronsky (2004) Time-space evolution constrains: 1. What is the P-T and geodynamic histories 2. What is the architecture of the system
5 ineral d Yilgarn Craton: Subdivision Narryer Cue Terrane South West Terrane Kalgoorlie Terrane East Yilgarn terranes Main components: > Ga Narryer & South West > Ga Terrane ~ Ga Cue domain > Ga Kalgoorlie Terrane poorly defined ~ Ga East Yilgarn terranes 300 km
6 ineral d eastern Yilgarn: Stratigraphic framework Kalgoorlie Terrane East Yilgarn terranes P437A/P624
7 ineral d eastern Yilgarn Craton subdivision 6 major terranes identified in eastern Yilgarn (based on GSWA, P482, P437A, P624, with pmd*crc modifications) % Ka % L Ku % M D Y Kalgoorlie [Ka] Kurnalpi [Ku] Laverton [L] Duketon [D] Merolia [M] Yamarna [Y] East Yilgarn terranes % % some terranes subdivided into geological domains %
![ineral d Pre-3.0 Ga gneiss, layered intrusions, supracrustals Narryer (3.73 [Manfred Complex], 3.68, ~3.4-3.3 Ga), Toodyay-Lake Grace (>3.2 Ga) N >4.0-3.](/docs-images/92/109336080/images/8-0.jpg "1 Ga detrital & xenocrystic zircons Narryer & 3.3-3.1 Ga model ages for granites Terrane crustal nucleus/ protocraton T-LG rare >3.")
8 ineral d Pre-3.0 Ga gneiss, layered intrusions, supracrustals Narryer (3.73 [Manfred Complex], 3.68, ~ Ga), Toodyay-Lake Grace (>3.2 Ga) N > Ga detrital & xenocrystic zircons Narryer & Ga model ages for granites Terrane crustal nucleus/ protocraton T-LG rare >3.0 Ga xenocrystic zircons in granites poorly understood geodynamics
9 ineral d Yilgarn granites: Nd isotope map Narryer Ida Fault model ages Myr > emplacement ages central/western Yilgarn - protocraton complex eastern Yilgarn
10 ineral d ca 3.01, Ga greenstone deposition, granites (~3.01, Ga), East Yilgarn (~ Ga, minor) Golden Grove N Meekatharra Mount Magnet K Dingo Range V Duketon EY Cue domain greenstones = Nd model ages New crust old domain greenstones </= Nd model ages Terrane autochthonous greenstones
11 ineral d ca 2.81 Ga layered mafic intrusions, felsic volcanism, granite N affinities with - exotic or rifted block layered mafic intrusions - plume related Kalgoorlie intracratonic rift Kalgoorlie granite, zircon inheritance, greenstone
12 ineral d ca Ga granite-greenstone (young to east) ; Kalgoorlie (minor) accreted post 2.78 Ga N Kalgoorlie sanukitoids Ma Cue domain Felsic volcanism Ma Young east Felsic volcanism Ma Zircon inheritance
13 ineral d Kalgoorlie terrane * East Yilgarn terranes eastern Yilgarn: zircon inheritance Ma Kalgoorlie East Yilgarn * 2900 terrane >3100
14 ineral d * East Yilgarn terranes eastern Yilgarn: zircon inheritance Ma Kalgoorlie East Yilgarn 2600 Kalgoorlie terrane 2650 Kalgoorlie terrane East Yilgarn terranes * terrane 2950 crustal break co-incident with Kalgoorlie terrane boundary 3000 similar profiles for felsic volcanic rocks and >3100 late basins
15 ineral d ca Ga granite-greenstone, Kalgoorlie, East Yilgarn N East Yilgarn high-al and trans TTG Ma Origin Kalgoorlie MUM, intermediate, felsic volcanism, minor TTG Ma geotectonic link arc-rift felsic volcanism Ma Youngs west
16 ineral d eastern Yilgarn Craton: Felsic volcanism distinct felsic volcanic associations in Kalgoorlie and East Yilgarn terranes break at eastern boundary of Kalgoorlie Terrane East Yilgarn terranes Kalgoorlie Terrane: Ma - HREE-depleted (TTG) andesite-rhyolite & assoc. sedimentary rocks Kalgoorlie terrane East Yilgarn terranes: Ma - calc-alkaline intermediate volcanic complexes & sedimentary rocks Ma - bimodal basalt-rhyolite complexes and felsic sub-alkaline Brown et al. (2001) terrane
17 ineral d ca Ga granite-greenstone Kalgoorlie (amalgamation) granite East Yilgarn N East Yilgarn Mafic granites (sanukitoids) Ma Young west magmatism rare Kalgoorlie <2.66 Ga amalgamation TTD-related felsic volcanism Ma Black Flag Group abundant high-al and trans TTG Ma Young west
18 ineral d eastern Yilgarn Craton: Magmatism 2620 Kalgoorlie East Yilgarn >2730 W E High-Ca Mafic High-HFSE Low-Ca Syenites Greenstone
19 ineral d eastern Yilgarn: Tectonic summary High-Al and Transitional TTG s & associated sanukitoids Consistent with subduction environment Variably slab-derived to crust-derived Pre-2670 Ma Ma andesite sanukitoid Low-Al TTG High-Al TTG Transitional TTG Felsic crust Felsic crust Mafic lower crust and/or underplate Mafic lower crust and/or underplate Oceanic crust & lithosphere Oceanic crust & lithosphere Slab melting - metasomatising mantle & producing TTGs Slab melting - metasomatising mantle & producing TTGs
20 ineral d ca 2655 Ma granite Kalgoorlie (Mafic, High-Ca), East Yilgarn (Low-Ca, Syenitic) N East Yilgarn switch to low-ca across craton at ~2655 Ma Kalgoorlie South West Terrane accretion South West Terrane sanukitoids, syenites & trans-ttg at ~2655 Ma upper age of orogeny
21 ineral d eastern Yilgarn Craton: Felsic magmatism Ma 2650 Western Central Eastern Ma LB LB 2652 D2 ages 2653 High-Ca 2654 granites** 2655 Mafic granites 2656 Late basins LB LB diachronous deformation, late basins and granites from east to west
22 ineral d ca Ga Craton-wide Low-Ca granite bloom ; Syenitic in East Yilgarn N East Yilgarn Kalgoorlie South West Terrane abundant low-ca across craton Ma
23 ineral d Yilgarn Craton: Evolution summary geochemistry, zircon inheritance and Nd data consistent with significant involvement of variably older crust a number of distinct terranes:, Narryer, South West, Kalgoorlie & several in the east Yilgarn poorly understood early history (>2.81 Ga), although majority of early granites are High-Al TTGs -- slab melting or thick crust post 2.8 Ga consistent with convergent tectonics Kalgoorlie Terrane either an exotic terrane or perhaps a crustal block rifted off the Terrane and re-accreted East Yilgarn terranes comprises a mix of geologically-disparate crustal blocks --> an accreted collage
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