Supplementary material

Transcription

1 Supplementary material Supplementary tables Bassis, A., Hinderer, M., Meinhold, G., Petrography and geochemistry of Palaeozoic quartz-rich sandstones from Saudi Arabia: implications for provenance and chemostratigraphy. Arabian Journal of Geosciences Table S1a Major and trace element composition as well as selected indices and ratios of Palaeozoic sandstones from the Tabuk area; major elements were measured with XRF and are given in weight-%; trace elements were measured by ICP-MS and are given in ppm; the laboratory responsible for analysis is also listed. Total iron expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ; bdl below detection limit; nd not determined Sample Stratigraphy Lab SiO 2 TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O P 2 O 5 Fe 2 O 3 Sum% Li Sc V AB-SA120 Unayzah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA129 Unayzah Fm. Mainz AB-SA130 Unayzah Fm. Mainz AB-SA150 Jubah Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA152 Jubah Fm. Mainz AB-SA153 Jubah Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA160/T Jauf Fm. Göttingen AB-SA161 Jauf Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA164 Jauf Fm. Mainz n/d n/d AB-SA154 Tawil Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA156 Tawil Fm. Göttingen AB-SA157 Tawil Fm. Mainz AB-SA128 Sharawra Mbr. Göttingen AB-SA127 Sharawra Mbr. Göttingen AB-SA132/1 Zarqa Fm. Göttingen AB-SA132/2 Zarqa Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA123/2 Sarah Fm. Mainz AB-SA122/2 Sarah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA124 Qasim Fm. Mainz AB-SA126 Qasim Fm. Göttingen AB-SA145 Qasim Fm. Göttingen AB-SA144/1 Qasim Fm. Göttingen AB-SA142/2 Qasim Fm. Mainz AB-SA170 Saq Fm. Mainz n/d n/d AB-SA167 Saq Fm. Mainz n/d n/d AB-SA169 Saq Fm. Mainz

2 Cr Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Cd Sn Sb Cs Ba La Ce Pr bdl bdl n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d bdl n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

3 Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Tl Pb Bi Th U CIA PIA n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d bdl n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

4 ΣLREE ΣHREE ΣREE ΣLREE/ΣHREE Eu/Eu* (La/Yb) c (La/Sm) c (Gd/Yb) c n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

5 Table S1b Major and trace element composition as well as selected indices and ratios of Palaeozoic sandstones from the Wajid area; major elements were measured with XRF and are given in weight-%; trace elements were measured by ICP-MS and are given in ppm; the laboratory responsible for analysis is also listed. Total iron expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ; bdl below detection limit; nd not determined Sample Stratigraphy Lab SiO 2 TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O P 2 O 5 Fe 2 O 3 Sum% Li Sc V AB-SA98 Juwayl Fm. Göttingen AB-SA80 Juwayl Fm. Mainz AB-SA100 Juwayl Fm. Göttingen AB-SA87 Khusayyayn Fm. Mainz n/d AB-SA89 Khusayyayn Fm. Göttingen AB-SA90 Khusayyayn Fm. Göttingen AB-SA118 Khusayyayn Fm. Mainz AB-SA32 Khusayyayn Fm. Göttingen AB-SA115 Qusaiba Mbr. Göttingen AB-SA62 Sanamah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA63 Sanamah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA64 Sanamah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA73 Sanamah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA74 Dibsiyah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA76 Dibsiyah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA72 Dibsiyah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA69 Dibsiyah Fm. Göttingen AB-SA79 Dibsiyah Fm. Göttingen JUW Juwayl Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d JUW-BAS Juwayl Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d Wuh-1-4 Juwayl Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d Wuh-4-2 Juwayl Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d Wuh Juwayl Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d KSA 25 Khusayyayn Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WKh-T-1 Khusayyayn Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WKh-T-12 Khusayyayn Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WKh-T-8 Khusayyayn Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d S2 Sanamah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDSK-4 Sanamah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDSK-5 Sanamah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDSK-5-b Sanamah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDh-1-13 Dibsiyah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDh-1-52 Dibsiyah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d WDh-1-top Dibsiyah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d DIB Dibsiyah Fm. Actlabs n/d n/d 13.00

6 Cr Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Cd Sn Sb Cs Ba La Ce Pr bdl bdl bdl bdl bdl n/d n/d n/d n/d 4.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 3.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 3.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 5.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 4.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 2.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 4.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 2.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 2.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 4.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 7.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d 2.00 n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

7 Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Tl Pb Bi Th U CIA PIA n/d n/d n/d n/d bdl bdl n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

8 ΣLREE ΣHREE ΣREE ΣLREE/ΣHREE Eu/Eu* (La/Yb) c (La/Sm) c (Gd/Yb) c

9 Table S2 Used standards and precision of analysis for REEs; certified values for standards JA-2 and JR-1 from Imai et al. (1995) REE Certified values Observed in Certified values Observed in Limits of (JA-2) this study (JR-1) this study detection La 15.8± ± ± Ce 32.7± ± ± Pr 3.84± ± ± Nd 13.9± ± ± Sm 3.11± ± ± Eu 0.93±0.1 1± ± Gd 3.06± ± ± Tb 0.44± ± ± Dy 2.8± ± ± Ho 0.5± ± ± Er 1.48± ± ± Tm 0.28± ± ± Yb 1.62± ± ± Lu 0.27± ± ± Table S3 Correlation coefficients of major oxides with Al 2 O 3 for both study areas Major oxide Tabuk area Wajid area SiO TiO MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O P 2 O Fe 2 O

10 Table S4 Correlation matrix of selected major and trace elements; major elements are given as oxides in weight-%, trace elements and ΣREEs in ppm Cs Rb Ba Sr Th U Y Zr Hf Nb Ta Sc Cu Ni ΣREE ΣLREE ΣHREE SiO 2 TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 P 2 O 5 Cs Rb Ba Sr Th U Y Zr Hf Nb Ta Sc Cu Ni ΣREE ΣLREE ΣHREE SiO TiO Al 2 O P 2 O

11 Table S5 Correlation matrix of selected major elements, Zr, Th, U and selected REE-ratios; major elements are given as oxides in weight-%, trace elements in ppm SiO 2 TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O P 2 O 5 Fe 2 O 3 t Zr Th U Eu / Eu* (La / Yb)c (La / Sm)c (Gd / Yb)c SiO TiO Al 2 O MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 2 O P 2 O Fe 2 O 3 t Zr Th U Eu / Eu* (La / Yb)c (La / Sm)c (Gd / Yb)c

12 Table S6 Mean values of CIA, PIA, and MI for the Tabuk and Wajid areas Formation n mean CIA mean PIA mean MI Tabuk area Unayzah Jubah Jauf Tawil Sharawra Mbr Sarah/Zarqa Qasim Saq Wajid area Juwayl Khusayyayn Qusaiba Mbr Sanamah Dibsiyah Supplementary figures Fig. S1 (a) spider plots for trace elements normalised to the average UCC (from Taylor and McLennan 2009; McLennan 2001) for the Tabuk area; (b) spider plots for trace elements for the Wajid area; (c) REE patterns for samples from the Tabuk area, chondrite-normalised after McDonough and Sun (1995); (d) REE patterns for samples from the Wajid area; patterns for PAAS (dashed line; from Taylor and McLennan 1985) and UCC (dotted line; from Taylor and McLennan 2009; McLennan 2001) have also been plotted for comparison; grey area in all plots represents sample range

13 Fig. S2 A-CN-K diagram, modified after Nesbitt and Young (1984), showing idealized weathering trends for some common magmatic rocks; (a) Tabuk area, the grey area represents range of literature data (from Al-Harbi and Khan 2005, 2008, 2011; Hussain 2007); (b) Wajid area, the grey area represents range of literature data (from Hussain 2001, 2007)

14 Fig. S3 Tectonic discrimination diagrams (modified after Dickinson et al. 1983); Q total quartzose grains including monocrystalline (Qm) and polycrystalline (Qp) quartz; F total feldspar; L total lithic fragments; Qm monocrystalline quartz only; Lt total lithic fragments including Qp; (a) Tabuk area; (b) Wajid area

15 Fig. S4 (a) and (b) plots of Th/U versus Th (modified after McLennan et al. 1993) for the Tabuk and Wajid areas, respectively; grey area represents range of literature data (from Hussain 2007) Fig. S5 Cluster dendrogram showing association of samples from both study areas; samples are on the x-axis; upper Wajid samples cluster closely together in the centre of the dendrogram; samples from the lower Wajid, lower and upper Tabuk samples also show some clustering

16 References Al-Harbi OA, Khan MM (2005) Mineralogy and geochemistry of Unayzah Formation, Central Saudi Arabia: Implications for provenance interpretation. J King Saud Univ Sci 18:35 49 Al-Harbi OA, Khan MM (2008) Provenance, diagenesis, tectonic setting and geochemistry of Tawil Sandstone (Lower Devonian) in Central Saudi Arabia. J Asian Earth Sci 33: Al-Harbi OA, Khan MM Source and origin of glacial paleovalley-fill sediments (Upper Ordovician) of Sarah Formation in central Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 4: Dickinson WR, Beard LS, Brackenbridge GR, Erjavec JL, Ferguson RC, Inman KF, Knepp RA, Lindberg FA, Ryberg PT (1983) Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geol Soc Am Bull 94: Hussain M (2001) Framework mineralogy, diagenesis and provenance of the Wajid sandstone in Asir region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Report, KACST Project no. LPG 283 Hussain M (2007) Elemental chemistry as a tool of stratigraphic correlation: A case study involving lower Paleozoic Wajid, Saq, and Qasim formations in Saudi Arabia. Mar Petrol Geol 24: Imai N, Terashima S, Itoh S, Ando A (1995) 1994 compilation of analytical data for minor and trace elements in seventeen GSJ geochemical reference samples, "Igneous Rock Series". Geostandard Newslett 19: McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chem Geol 120: McLennan SM (2001) Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 2(4). doi: /2000gc McLennan SM, Hemming S, McDaniel DK, Hanson GN (1993) Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance and tectonics. In: Johnsson MJ, Basu A (eds) Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sediments, vol 285, Geol Soc Am Spec Pap, pp Nesbitt HW, Young GM (1984) Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48: Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford Taylor SR, McLennan SM (2009) Planetary Crusts: Their Composition, Origin and Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge