Communications between the Arctic states and North Pacific Asian states

Transcription

1 Communications between the Arctic states and North Pacific Asian states May 2, Seoul Conference on the Law of the Sea Jong-Deog Kim

2 NSIDC

3 Contents Arctic in Global Society Why Communication? Issues in the Arctic Ocean NP Asian states in the Global Economy Approaches by NP Asian states Awareness of Communication Possibility of Communication Expansion Findings

4 Arctic in Global Society This Arctic is the place where this global warming is happening much faster than any other region in the world - The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon The world increasingly looks to the North. Our goal is certainly to promote peaceful cooperation - Former U.S. Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton Russia sees the future of the NSR as an international transport artery competitive against the traditional maritime shipping lines - President of Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin We live in an ice-dependent world. It is a wrong scenario to think that this will only be of concern to those people living in the Arctic" - President of Iceland, Olafur Ragnar Grimsson

5 Arctic in Global Society Emerging new global environmental, geopolitical, economic, and social agenda by transformative change climate change, sea ice melting, ecosystem, indigenous(local) people s life and business opportunities Incomplete international regime Polar Code and shipping guidelines, uncertainty, knowledge gaps Potential conflicts and cooperation continental shelf, international sea route, resources, Alternative regional connectivity between North Atlantic and North Pacific distance advantage, new demand and supply

6 Why Communication? Communication the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior - Wikipedia Arctic Council For the Arctic Council to be perceived as the preeminent forum for international cooperation in the Arctic with external target groups as well as internal groups - Communication Strategy Final Draft, Mar

7 Issues in the Arctic Ocean Environment Shipping Arctic-based land-based pollution, ecosystem, monitoring in territorial sea, indigenous people, MPA marine environment, setting shipping route in territorial sea, SAR Arctic-related climate change of the Arctic and its impact to outside, ship-based pollution, invasive species, scientific monitoring freedom of navigation, shipping service, ship/plant guideline Resource Dev. resource management, marine pollution resource logistics, high sea resources Fisheries Tourism Infrastructure resource management, indigenous people SAR, tourism related services sea/air port, hinterland, water/power, labours high sea fisheries, migratory species, regional fisheries org. tourist supply, ship building, international regulation Research/monitoring station, meteorological facility, investment Governance AC, UNCLOS, IMO, International rules UNCLOS, IMO, International rules

8 NP Asian states in the Global Economy source: Oil Consump., Mil.tons of Total World Total US China Japan India Russia Saudi Brazil Germany RO Korea Canada FAO

9 NP Asian states in the Global Economy West Europe North Pacific Asia North America ?? 7.4? The share of world container port throughput, Sung-Woo Lee, KMI

10 Approaches by NP Asian states China Japan Korea Huanghe station Arctic Expedition Scientific Cooperation Polar Research Institute Ice Breaker- Xuelong China-Nordic Arctic Sym. Test/Commercial Shipping Energy/Resources Cooperation Summit Talks Direct Investments Joint Research Centers FTA w/ ICELAND Enhancement of SOA Ad hoc Observer in AC UNCLOS, IMO Ny Alesund station Scientific Cooperation Polar Research Institute Ice Breaker-Shirase Arctic Research Consortium INSROP, JANSROP Test/Commercial Shipping Energy Cooperation Arctic TF in MFA NSR Review Team in MLIT Arctic Security Parl. Union Arctic Ambassador Establishment of HQ of OA Ad hoc Observer in AC UNCLOS, IMO Dasan station Ice Breaker-Araon Scientific Cooperation Polar Research Institute NPAC Series Test/Commercial Shipping Energy Cooperation Summit Talks Setting as a National agenda FTA w/ EU(DEN, FIN, SWE), EFTA(NOR, ICE), US Shipping Agreement w/ US, NOR, RUS Establishment of MOF Ad hoc Observer in AC UNCLOS, IMO

11 Awareness of Communication(preliminary survey in Mar.) 7 Q : Communication level on the major Arctic Ocean issues between Arctic and non- Arctic states(on a 7 point scale) Median point CC ME RM SL OG MM FH IG GO Total no. of respondents : 38 from C(3), J(6), K(29)

12 Awareness of Communication 7 Q : Communication level on the Arctic Ocean issues at major international organizations or forums between Arctic and non-arctic states Median point UNCLOS IMO CBD IPCC AC RFO ISA ICES

13 Awareness of Communication Q : Expectation level on overall cooperation in the Arctic Ocean between Arctic and non-arctic states in the Future 점 2 점 3 점 4 점 5 점 6 점 7 점

14 Possibility of Communication Expansion AC International Regional Bilateral Aca./Biz Observer group Working Groups Expert Groups Task Forces Standing Secretariat UNCLOS IMO UNFCCC ISA FAO CBD CITES CMS Spitsbergen Treaty WTO WCPFC NAFO NEAFC NASCO NPAFC CCBSP ICCAT APEC FTA Energy Agreement Resource Agreement Shipping Agreement IASC IASSA ICES Arctic Frontiers FARO PAG ASF Uarctic NPAC Other Academic networks

15 Findings Transformative change in the Arctic asks comprehensive global efforts to address issues climate change, environment/ecosystem, shipping route Communication is one of the most crucial elements for a better and sustainable Arctic Governance Arctic Council, academic networks, business forums etc. Approaches w/o rules could be the worst disaster UNCLOS, IMO, living resources Effort to share knowledge and benefits should be encouraged between AS including IP and non-as M/R/D, training and education, economy dev.

16 Findings Beyond a region, region to region approach can provide innovative and alternative opportunity for issues North Atlantic Arctic Ocean - North Pacific No doubt roles of the AC. Finding the Golden Ratio Solution on the Arctic issues among stakeholders through communication might be one of the essential challenges during 2 nd round of Arctic Council AS, IPG, observers, non-as, business, international and non-governmental organizations

17 Note : The views expressed are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of KMI or Korean government.