The Restoration Process from the Great East Japan Earthquake, and Perspectives for the Sustainable Society by Creating Cultural Landscapes

Transcription

1 Session 3 Restoration from the Huge Natural Disasters, and Creating Cultural Landscapes for the Sustainable Society The Restoration Process from the Great East Japan Earthquake, and Perspectives for the Sustainable Society by Creating Cultural Landscapes Jan. 18, 2013 Mikiko Ishikawa Professor of Dept. of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo

2 Great East Japan Earthquake Great East Japan Earthquake Date: March dead 15,870 missing 2,814 Completely destroyed Houses 130,000 Partially destroyed Houses 265,000 Radiation Accident Fukushima Many traditional Local Communities

3 Sustainability 1.Environmental Sustainability 2.Social Sustainability 3.Cultural Sustainability

4 1. Characteristics of the Region <Environmental Aspect> Three different regions Rias Coastal Zone Alluvial Flat Zone Fukushima

5 Rias Coastal Zone Rikuzen-Takada City Kesen-numa City The hight of Tsunmi meter Tsunami Edge

6 Meiji Sanriku Tsunami (1896) Syowa Sanriku Tsunami (1928)

7 Alluvial Flats Area Southern Sendai City Few Experiences about Tsunami. No high Areas to escape. This is the first time to propose the restoration plan.

8 Original Landforms emerged again, after the earthquake (Hasegama Village) 1910 s : Pond 2010 : Rice Field After Earthquake turned into pond, again

9 < Social Aspect > Decreasing Population Increasing of Elderly People

10 Decreasing Population

11 Increasing of Elderly people

12 < Cultural Aspect > Spiritual Places had survived (Tangible, Intangible) Ties of Community has succeeded (Social Capital)

13 Hiyoriyama Fisherman s Hill (Yuriage, Natori City) There are many Hiyoriyama in all over Tohoku Region. Monument built after Syowa Sanriku Tsunami in It said, when the earthquake occurs, be aware of the tsunami.

14 Jizo (Buddhist Bodhisattvas)

15 Tiny Shrine in each House : jinai-myojin Sustainable Devices Sustainable Devices Jinai-myojin 地内明神

16 2. Restoration Process

17 Planning Process Each Local Municipality made own restoration plan with the help from Pref. government and National government. This policy was highly based on the principal of the decentralization of national government power. Good Effect: Reflect the needs of local community Problem: Lack of Regional Consideration

18 Number of Restoration Projects Comparison between Hanshin-Awaji and East Japan Damage of Buildings 約 100,000 約 140,000 約 130,000 約 265,000 Number of the Restoration 20 Projects 20 VS , , , , , , , , ,000 ( 戸数 ) ( 地区 18 )

19 The Method of the Restoration in Rias Coastal Zone Relocation residential estate Before Tsunami Flood Regions Reconstruction leveling

20 Restoration Plan of Minam-Sanriku Decreasing population

21 Problem lies in the Social Sustainability 28 Communities Remove to the higher land

22 3. Issues of the Restoration for Sustainable City and Regions 1 Where to live? Environmental Sustainability 2 Who decide and implement? Social Sustainability 3 What and when is the Target of the Restoration? Cultural Sustainability

23 Issue 1 : Environmental Sustainability To set up Land Use Principals Based on the Scientific Research, the Principal of Land Use should be established Watershed Management Relation between Forest, river and ocean Risk Management Sea tsunami & mountain Tsunami

24 Land Use Principals in Alluvial Flat Area Micro Geography is essential for weakening the power of Tsunami Identify the landscape unit for the principals of land use plan

25 Identify the Landscape Unit Geography Soil Vegetation

26 Principals of Land Use Plan