Chemical Equations. Balancing Tips

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1 Chemical Reactions Chapter 17 Chemical Equations C+O CO C (s) +O () CO () Reactants on left, products on riht Each are balanced because same number of atoms of reactants as products Some equations show the phase of the substances also: solid, liquid, as Balancin Chemical Equations Molecules of reactants and products shown Cannot chane the cule Can chane how many of them Cannot add or delete reactants or products Balanced equal number of same atoms on each side Water balancin Balancin Tips Never chane the cular formula of reactants or products Count atoms in reactant and products Always add whole cules, not parts Start by balancin atoms in compounds Save element reactants or products for last to make up any imbalance Rustin of Iron Fe + O Fe O 3 not balanced start with oxyen Fe + 3 O Fe O 3 next do iron 4 Fe + 3 O Fe O 3 1 in class Balance the followin equation, on the worksheet provided. (Put your name on the back of the sheet, please.) N + H NH 3 Combustion of propane C 3 H 8 + O CO + H O fix hydroen first it s in two compounds C 3 H 8 + O CO + 4 H O need more carbon product C 3 H 8 + O 3 CO + 4 H O Do oxyen last, because it is sinle C 3 H O 3 CO + 4 H O in class Balance the followin chemical equation, the combustion of methane CH 4 + O CO + H O Methane oxyen carbon dioxide water

2 Volume Relationships Equal volumes of ases at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of cules Gases react in small whole number quantities Avoadro s hypothesis: chemicals react in consistent, small whole number ratios Avoadro s hypothesis Combustion of propane C 3 H O 3 CO + 4 H O What volume of oxyen is needed to burn 0.5 L of propane? Ratio of Oxyen cules to propane cules is 5:1 0.5 L x 5 L O.5 L Oxyen 1 L Propane 3 in class Combustion of propane C 3 H O 3 CO + 4 H O Calculate how much CO is produced when L of propane is burned Atomic vs. Molecular Weiht Atomic weiht on periodic table is averae of natural abundance of isotopes Atomic mass is the number of nucleons in a particular atom specified by isotope Molecular mass is the mass of one of cules One atomic mass number of rams x10 3 cules Calculate Molecular Mass O atomic weiht (round to 16 for this class) O-16 atomic mass 16 u Molecular oxyen O atomic mass 3 u Molecular O cular mass 3 / CO cular mass C1 /, O 3 / CO / 4 in class Calculate the molar mass of propane C 3 H 8 Round atomic weiht of C to 1 Round atomic weiht of H to 1 Grams calculated from Moles Can find the molar mass of substance Na3 1 4 of Na Multiply molar mass times s 3 x 0.50 s 5.75 Moles calculated from Grams 176 of CO Number of s? Molar mass of CO 44 If you multiply, 176 x 44 results in units of you et a unit mess UNITS alert you that you made an error KEEP UNITS WITH NUMBERS!!

3 Moles calculated from Grams 176 of CO Number of s? Molar mass of CO 44 Divide 176 by 44 Same as multiply by reciprocal 176 x ( 1 44 ) 4 s CO Now the rams cancel ) 5 in class 13 of propane is how many s? Mass to s relationship To convert between rams and s Make sure equation is balanced So you know the molar ratios of them Find molar mass of them Set up proportions for s and rams Proportions Mathematical device to compare ratios Cross-multiply to solve Correctly oranized Be sure you keep same:same in columns and rows Proportions to find rams and s Correctly oranized Example s of a of a s of b of b or s of a s of b of a of b cross-multiply to solve Proportions Correctly oranized It doesn t matter how you write the first ratio, as lon as you label the numbers Try to put unknown on the top easier to solve The second ratio needs to match the first 64 rams O How many rams NO produced? First: Balance Equation NO + O NO NO + O NO NO + O NO 64 rams O How many rams NO produced? Balance Equation Determine molar ratios of them 1: Find molar mass of each component NO 46, O 3, (NO30 )

4 NO NO 64 rams O How many rams NO produced? Molar mass of each: O 3, NO 46 How many s is 64 rams O? One + O NO NO 64 rams O How many rams NO produced? Molar mass of each O 3, NO 46 Molar ratios O:NO is 1: Two of O So four s of NO is produced How many rams is that? 4 mol x 46 /mol 184 rams + O H S + O SO + H 3 rams SO How many rams O used? O 3 rams SO How many rams O used? H S + O SO + HO Balance first HS + 3O SO + HO Then determine molar ratios SO to 3 O 3 rams SO How many rams O used? HS + 3O SO + HO Find molar masses SO /mol SO O (x1) /mol O H O (x1) /mol H O H S (x1) /mol H S 3 rams SO How many rams O used? H S + 3O SO + H O 3 SO needs how many rams O? How many s is 3 SO? 1 3 SO 0.5 s 64 SO 3 rams SO How many rams O used? H S + 3O SO + H O How many s O is needed? 0.5 s SO in :3 ratio with O 0.75 s O 1 3 SO 0.5 s 64 SO Set up proportion with the unknown on top (the O )? O 3 rams SO How many rams O used? 6 Is it balanced? Molar ratio 1:1:1 4 rams oxyen Grams carbon consumed? Grams carbon dioxide produced? C + O CO

5 Reaction Speed Collision of cules required for it to occur Increase concentration Increase temperature Catalyst can facilitate reaction Chlorine catalyst Enery of reactions Release enery EXOTHERMIC Methane combustion Consume enery ENDOTHERMIC Formation of water

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