The Development of Atomic Models
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- Sheryl Mosley
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1 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Development of Atomic Models Rutherford s atomic model could not explain the chemical proper4es of elements. Rutherford s atomic model could not explain why objects change color when heated.
2 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Bohr Model Electrons are found only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus.
3 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Bohr Model Each possible electron orbit in Bohr s model has a fixed energy. The fixed energies an electron can have are called energy levels. A quantum of energy is the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level.
4 Models of the Atom > Examples of Bohr Atoms
5 Models of the Atom > More accurate Bohr Model Orbitals are not equally spaced
6 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Bohr Model
7 5.1 The Quantum Mechanical Model The Quantum Mechanical Model
8 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Quantum Mechanical Model The quantum mechanical model determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locahons around the nucleus.
9 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Quantum Mechanical Model The propeller blade has the same probability of being anywhere in the blurry region, but you cannot tell its locahon at any instant. The electron cloud of an atom can be compared to a spinning airplane propeller.
10 5.1 Models of the Atom > The Quantum Mechanical Model In the quantum mechanical model, the probability of finding an electron within a certain volume of space surrounding the nucleus can be represented as a fuzzy cloud. The cloud is more dense where the probability of finding the electron is high.
11 5.1 Atomic Orbitals Atomic Orbitals Principal Energy Level- signified by a number (1-7). Each principal level has sublevels. How do sublevels of principal energy levels differ?
12 5.1 Models of the Atom > Atomic Orbitals An atomic orbital is ouen thought of as a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron. Each energy sublevel corresponds to an orbital of a different shape, which describes where the electron is likely to be found.
13 5.1 Models of the Atom > Atomic Orbitals Different atomic orbitals are denoted by levers. The s orbitals are spherical, and p orbitals are dumbbell- shaped.
14 5.1 Models of the Atom > Atomic Orbitals Four of the five d orbitals have the same shape but different orientahons in space.
15 Models of the Atom >
16 5.1 Models of the Atom > Atomic Orbitals The numbers and kinds of atomic orbitals depend on the energy sublevel.
17 Models of the Atom > Summary Principal Energy Level (1-7) Sublevels (s,p,d,and f) Orbitals (# depends on sublevel, up to 2 electrons each)
18 5.1 Models of the Atom > Atomic Orbitals The number of electrons allowed in each of the first four energy levels are shown here.
19 Models of the Atom > The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms are called electron configura4ons. Example: H: 1s 1 Li: 1s 2 2s 1 C: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 principal energy level # of electrons in sublevel sublevel
20 Models of the Atom > Electrons fill the shells by going into the lowest energy levels first. (remember, each orbital can hold 2 electrons)
21 Models of the Atom >
22 Models of the Atom >
23 5.1 Section Quiz. 1. Rutherford's planetary model of the atom could not explain a. any properties of elements. b. the chemical properties of elements. c. the distribution of mass in an atom. d. the distribution of positive and negative charges in an atom. Slide 23 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
24 5.1 Section Quiz. 2. Bohr's model of the atom proposed that electrons are found a. embedded in a sphere of positive charge. b. in fixed positions surrounding the nucleus. c. in circular orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus. d. orbiting the nucleus in a single fixed circular path. Slide 24 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
25 5.1 Section Quiz. 3. What is the lowest-numbered principal energy level in which p orbitals are found? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 Slide 25 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
26 END OF SHOW
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