Chapter 5 Test. Directions: Write the correct letter on the blank before each question.

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 Test Name: Date: Directions: Write the correct letter on the blank before each question. Objective 1: Explain the science of fire as it relates to energy, forms of ignition, and modes of combustion. 1. Which of the following BEST describes how understanding the physical science of fire can help firefighters? (208) A. It keeps radiant heat from igniting fuel. B. It keeps flaming combustion from beginning. C. It translates into practical knowledge of fire behavior. D. It helps in stopping rapid fire behavior from developing. 2. Which of the following terms refers to a substance remaining chemically the same, but changing in size, shape or appearance? (208) A. Chemical shift B. Physical change C. Chemical reaction D. Parallel alteration 3. When a substance changes from one type of matter to another, it has had a: (208) A. chemical shift. B. physical change. C. chemical reaction. D. physical alteration. 4. Which of the following represents the amount of energy that an object can release in the future? (209) A. Kinetic B. Thermal C. Potential D. Mechanical Oklahoma State University 5-1

2 5. The energy possessed by a moving object is called: (209) A. kinetic energy. B. thermal energy. C. potential energy. D. mechanical energy. 6. The potential chemical energy of fuel in fire behavior is converted to: (209) A. sound energy. B. thermal energy. C. electrical energy. D. mechanical energy. 7. What type of reaction absorbs energy as it occurs? (210) A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Exothermic D. Endothermic 8. What type of reaction releases energy in the form of heat and sometimes light? (210) A. Kinetic B. Potential C. Exothermic D. Endothermic 9. The process of ignition causes pyrolysis in solid fuels and in liquid fuels. (210) A. melting B. freezing C. vaporization D. kinetic reaction 10. What is the most common form of ignition? (210) A. Piloted B. Exothermic C. Endothermic D. Autoignition Oklahoma State University 5-2

3 11. What mode of combustion produces a smoldering glow in a material s surface? (212) A. Kinetic B. Flaming C. Potential D. Nonflaming 12. In what mode of combustion is a visible flame produced? (212) A. Kinetic B. Flaming C. Potential D. Nonflaming What are the elements necessary to create fire in the model represented by the fire triangle? (212) A. Fuel, oxygen, heat B. Heat, fuel, ignition C. Passive agents and heat D. Oxygen and passive agents Which of the following BEST describes what the fire tetrahedron represents? (212) A. A transfer of sound energy B. The process of autoignition C. An uninhibited chemical chain reaction D. The relationship between fuel, oxygen, heat What type of combustion occurs when burning is localized on or near a fuel s surface? (213) A. Flaming B. Exothermic C. Nonflaming D. Endothermic What product of combustion may heat adjacent fuels, making them susceptible to ignition? (214) A. Toxic smoke B. Thermal energy C. Hydrogen cyanide D. Carbon monoxide Oklahoma State University 5-3

4 17. What product of combustion causes the most fire deaths? (215) A. Toxic smoke B. Thermal energy C. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen cyanide What product of combustion is the most common product in structure fires? (215) A. Toxic smoke B. Thermal energy C. Hydrogen cyanide D. Carbon monoxide Which of the following BEST describes why firefighters must use SCBA during overhaul? (216) A. Smoke is not like other flammable gases; it will not burn or explode. B. Hazardous concentrations of smoke are only present outside the structure. C. Hazardous concentrations are typically below short-term exposure limits. D. Volume and density of smoke may be reduced, but the hazard is not eliminated. Objective 2: Describe the impact of thermal energy on heat, temperature, and heat transfer. 20. Which of the following BEST describes kinetic energy transfer? (216) A. It does not move at all. B. It moves from one substance to another, no matter what the temperature. C. It moves from low-temperature to high-temperature substances. D. It moves from high-temperature to low-temperature substances. Oklahoma State University 5-4

5 What source of thermal energy is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions? (217) A. Radiant energy B. Electrical energy C. Chemical energy D. Mechanical energy Which of the following sources of energy is a form of oxidation? (217) A. Sparking B. Self-heating C. Resistance heating D. Spontaneous ignition What method of electrical energy occurs when a high-temperature luminous discharge crosses a gap? (219) A. Arcing B. Sparking C. Overcurrent D. Resistance heating What method of heat transfer occurs when a material is heated as the result of direct contact with a heat source? (220) A. Potential B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Convection What heat transfer method usually occurs through movement of hot smoke and fire gases? (221) A. Potential B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Convection Oklahoma State University 5-5

6 What method of heat transfer can become the dominant mode as the fire grows in size? (222) A. Potential B. Radiation C. Conduction D. Convection Which of the following BEST describes the influence of exposed surfaces on radiant heat? (222) A. Creating a vacuum will stop radiant heat. B. Materials that reflect radiated energy help increase radiant heat. C. Dark materials emit and absorb heat more effectively than light materials. D. Temperature differences between the heat source and exposed surface have no impact. Objective 3: Recognize the physical states of fuel. 28. Which type of fuel does not contain carbon? (223) A. Simple B. Organic C. Reactive D. Inorganic Which of the following terms is the total amount of energy released when a specific amount of fuel is burned? (223) A. Thermal energy B. Chemical energy C. Heat release rate D. Heat of combustion Heat release rate is usually expressed in which of the following measurements? (224) A. Kilowatts (kw) B. Kilojoules/gram (kj/g) C. British thermal unit (Btu) D. Kilowatts per meter squared (kw/m 2 ) Oklahoma State University 5-6

7 31. What type of fuel can be the most dangerous of all the types? (225) A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Chemical 32. What type of fuel has mass and volume but no definite shape? (226) A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Chemical 33. Liquids with a specific gravity of less than 1 will: (226) A. turn into vapor. B. turn into solid. C. float on the surface. D. sink below the surface Which of the following BEST describes what vapor pressure indicates? (226) A. How easily a substance will evaporate B. How long it takes a substance to evaporate C. What form the substance will take in a container D. What direction a substance will take when released from a container Which of the following terms is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but still not sustain combustion? (227) A. Fire point B. Flash point C. Vapor point D. Pressure point What term is used to describe the extent to which a substance will mix with water? (227) A. Solubility B. Mixability C. Volatility D. Reactivity Oklahoma State University 5-7

8 37. What type of fuel has a definite size and shape? (228) A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Chemical 38. Which of the following terms is used to refer to the process that can generate sufficient quantities of burnable vapors to ignite in the presence of a sufficient oxidizer? (228) A. Pyrolysis B. Fire point C. Flash point D. Vapor pressure 39. Fuel particles become smaller as the ratio of surface-to-mass: (229) A. increases. B. decreases. C. stays constant. D. fluctuates back and forth. Objective 4: Explain the relationship between oxygen content and life safety. 40. The primary oxidizing agent in most fires is: (231) A. carbon. B. oxygen. C. nitrogen. D. hydrogen. 41. Which of the following BEST describes the impact of higher oxygen concentration on combustion? (231) A. Materials burn more intensely. B. Fires may be easier to extinguish. C. Nonflaming combustion is extinguished. D. Materials that do not burn at normal levels still do not burn. Oklahoma State University 5-8

9 42. What term defines the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion? (232) A. Vaporization B. Vapor pressure C. Lower flammable limit D. Upper flammable limit Objective 5: Identify the products of self-sustained chemical reactions Which of the following BEST describes the complete oxidation of methane? (233) A. It produces water. B. It produces carbon dioxide. C. It produces oxygen and water. D. It produces carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following BEST describes the impact of an extinguishing agent when trying to extinguish flaming combustion? (234) A. It forms an unstable product. B. It speeds the combustion reaction. C. It interferes with the chemical reaction. D. It burns more oxygen in a short amount of time. Objective 6: Explain the factors that affect fire development. Objective 7: Describe the stages of fire development. 45. Which of the following fire development factors affects heat release rate? (235) A. Fuel type B. Ventilation C. Compartment volume and ceiling height D. Availability and location of additional fuel Oklahoma State University 5-9

10 What fire development factor is based on considering how the volume of air will impact radiated heat in a fire? (238) A. Fuel type B. Ambient conditions C. Compartment volume and ceiling height D. Availability and location of additional fuel What form of compartment fire is controlled by the availability of oxygen and the configuration of fuel? (239) A. Uncontrolled B. Fuel-controlled C. Base controlled D. Ventilation-controlled What thermal property of a compartment contains heat within the compartment, causing localized increase in temperature? (240) A. Insulation B. Retention C. Passive agents D. Heat reflectivity What fire development factor includes cold temperature, strong winds, and wind direction? (240) A. Fuel type B. Ambient conditions C. Compartment volume and ceiling height D. Availability and location of additional fuel In what stage is fire development largely dependent on the characteristics and configuration of the fuel involved? (241) A. Incipient B. Growth C. Fully Developed D. Decay Which of the following affects the amount of air entrained in the plume during the growth stage? (243) A. Type of fuel B. Thermal layering C. Location of ignition D. Location of fuel package Oklahoma State University 5-10

11 52. Which of the following is defined as the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature? (244) A. Type of fuel B. Thermal layering C. Location of ignition D. Location of fuel package 53. The neutral plane in the growth stage is the: (244) A. beginning of rapid transition layers. B. point where thermal layering begins. C. opening in the hot and cool layers. D. interface of hot and cool layers at an opening Isolated flames in the gas layer during the growth stage indicates: (245) A. hot and cool gases are mixing together. B. the temperature is only slightly above ambient. C. the concentration of combustion products is low. D. that portions of the layer are within flammable range. What stage of fire development occurs when all the combustible materials in a compartment are burning? (246) A. Incipient B. Growth C. Fully Developed D. Decay What fire stage occurs as the fuel is consumed and oxygen concentration falls? (246) A. Incipient B. Growth C. Fully Developed D. Decay Oklahoma State University 5-11

12 Objective 8: Recognize signs, causes, and effects of rapid fire development What type of rapid fire development happens when all the combustible materials and gases in a compartment ignite almost simultaneously? (247) A. Backdraft B. Flashover C. Combustion D. Smoke explosion What common element of flashover represents the shift from growth stage to fully developed stage? (247) A. Rapidity B. Compartment C. Transition in fire development D. Ignition of all exposed surfaces Which of the following is a heat indicator of a possible flashover? (248) A. Darkening smoke B. Darkened windows C. Bi-directional movement in smoke D. High velocity and turbulent air flow The ignition of unburned fire gases at the top of the compartment is known as: (248) A. rollover. B. flashover. C. combustion. D. smoke explosion. What aspect of fire development is a result of an increase in lowlevel ventilation prior to upper level ventilation? (248) A. Rollover B. Backdraft C. Combustion D. Smoke explosion Oklahoma State University 5-12

13 Which of the following is a building indicator for a possible backdraft? (249) A. Optically dense smoke B. Little or no visible flame C. Turbulent smoke discharge D. Fire confined to a void space Which of the following is a heat indicator for a possible backdraft? (249) A. Smoke stained windows B. Turbulent smoke discharge C. Fire confined to a void space D. Contents with high heat release rate What type of rapid fire development occurs as unburned fuel gases contact an ignition source? (250) A. Rollover B. Backdraft C. Combustion D. Smoke explosion Objective 9: Describe the methods through which fire fighting operations can influence fire behavior. 65. What is the most common method used in fire fighting operations? (250) A. Fuel removal B. Oxygen exclusion C. Temperature reduction D. Chemical flame inhibition 66. Water is converted to steam at: (250) A. 190 o F (88 o C). B. 212 o F (100 o C). C. 230 o F (110 o C). D. 300 o F (149 o C). Oklahoma State University 5-13

14 67. What method of fire suppression is the simplest? (251) A. Fuel removal B. Oxygen exclusion C. Temperature reduction D. Chemical flame inhibition What fire-suppression method does not work if fuel is self-oxidixing? (251) A. Fuel removal B. Oxygen exclusion C. Temperature reduction D. Chemical flame inhibition What suppression method uses extinguishing agents to stop flame production? (251) A. Ventilation B. Oxygen exclusion C. Temperature reduction D. Chemical flame inhibition What fire behavior can be the result of wind from outside the structure? (252) A. Oxygen exclusion B. Unplanned ventilation C. Temperature reduction D. Chemical flame inhibition Oklahoma State University 5-14