First Results from GRIFFIN Half-lives of Neutron Rich Cd and 131 In! Ryan Dunlop Physics Dept. University of Guelph, Canada INPC 2016
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1 First Results from GRIFFIN Half-lives of Neutron Rich Cd and 131 In! Ryan Dunlop Physics Dept. University of Guelph, Canada INPC 2016
2 r-process High n density! fast capturing! x! Produces many of the! naturally occurring,! heavy, neutron-rich! nuclei! Site of r-process! Neutron star mergers! Core-collapse Supernovae?!
3 r-process Waiting-point approximation assumes:!! (n,γ) (γ,n) equilibrium within isotopic chain! β-flow equilibrium! Flow rate (and equilibrium population) is characteristic of waiting-point half-lives!! Q(γ,n) small at closed n-shells, these nuclei are waiting points and r-process moves along them towards stability.!
4 r-process Freeze-out! r-process peaks:! 1st peak: A 80 N=50! 2nd peak: A 130 N=82! 3rd peak: A 195 N=126! rare earth peak A 165?!
5 Sensitivity of r-process rate to 130 Cd decay rate!! 130 Cd is responsible for the maximum of second r- abundance peak at N=82 Shell-model calculations for the half-lives of N=82 waiting point nuclei use a quenched GT operator that reproduces the 130 Cd half-life. Recent measurement at RIKEN by Lorusso et al. shortens half life by > 5σ. New: 127(2) ms Old: 162(7) ms Half Lives (ms) N=82! Exp! Shell Model! Z! Exp/Shell! 131 In! 261(3)! ! 1.06(1)! 130 Cd! 162(7)! ! 0.99(4)! 129 Ag! 52(4)! 69.81! 0.74(6)! 128 Pd! 35(3)! 47.25! 0.74(6)! 127 Rh! ! 27.98! ! G. Lorusso et al. PRL (2015)! -7! -28! N! R. Surman et al. arxiv: , 2013!
6 Complicated Decay Chains! 128 Sb! 129 Sb! 130 Sb! Short-lived ground states! isomers with comparable 10.0! min! 9.0! hr! 17.7! 4.40! min! hr! 39.5! 6.3! min! min! half-lives! beta-n branches! 130 Sn! 6.5! s! 128 Sn! 15.9! min! 129 Sn! 6.9! min! 2.2! min! 1.7! min! 3.7! min! Fitting Charged particles is challenging! Fit time distribution of 128 In! 720! ms! 840! ms! 129 In! 1.26! 590! s! ms! 130 In! 530! 530! 330! ms! ms! ms! characteristic gamma rays! Need high-efficiency gammaray spectrometer! 128 Cd! 245 ms! 129 Cd! 155 ms! 130 Cd! 275 ms!
7 IG-LIS! Laser Ion Source! UCx! p! (500 MeV)!
8 GRIFFIN!! 16 large volume HPGe Clovers! Used for studying beta decay at TRIUMF-ISAC! Custom Digital electronics (50 khz/crystal)!
9 129 Cd Beta coinc. Gamma Energy Spectrum! Time (ms)! Counts! High Resolution! High Efficiency! Energy (kev)! 129 Cd Beta-gamma timestamps! Cycles Mode:! Tape Move 0 s to behind lead-shielded tape box! Beam on 1 s! Beam off 11 s! Counts!
10 128 Cd Half-Life! β-γ coincidences 857 kev γ ray T1/2 = 246.2(21) ms Previous 245(5) ms G. Lorusso et al. PRL (2015)! RD et al., Phys Rev. C. 93, (R) (2016)." Systematic checks! Change the first bin included in the fit! Change the last bin included in the fit! Changed binning! Fixed constant background parameter! Measured Half-Life (ms)! Front Chop-Plot! Back Chop-Plot!
11 ! 129 Cd Half-Life! O. Arndt et al., Acta Phys. Pol.B 40, 437 (2009)." beta-delayed neutrons! J. Taprogge et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, (2015). Gated on 1354 ( 129 Sn 2.2 min)! Gated on 995 (mixed)! Gates:! and kev! 3/2 +! Taprogge: 155(3) ms! Arndt: 242(8) ms! and kev! 11/2 -! Taprogge: 146(8) ms! Arndt:104(6) ms! RD et al., Phys Rev. C. 93, (R) (2016)."
12 130 Cd Half-Life! Agreement with Lorusso (2015)! Gated on 451.0, , and kev gamma rays!! Previous: 127(2) ms and 162(7) ms! G. Lorusso et al. PRL 114! (2015)! M. Hannawald et al. Nucl. Phys. A (2001)! RD et al., Phys Rev. C. 93, (R) (2016)."
13 Comparison to Theory! Theory is over-predicting 130 Cd! Cd isotopes! Rescaling GT-quenching to new 130 Cd half-life resolves this!
14 Comparison to Theory! Half Lives (ms) of N = 82 waiting points! Exp! Scaled! SM! Exp/ Scaled! 131 In! 261(3)! ! 1.36(2)! 130 Cd! 127(2)! 127! 1.00! 129 Ag! 52(4)! 54.06! 0.96(7)! 128 Pd! 35(3)! 36.59! 0.96(6)! 127 Rh! ! 21.66! ! -7! -32! Shorter half-life resolves problem with GT quenched calculations! What about 131 In?!
15 Counts /10 ms! Counts /10 ms! Counts /10 ms! 131 In Half-Life! 3764! (21/2+)! Ground-state! T1/2 = 269(7) ms! Agreement with 261(3) ms! G. Lorusso et al. PRL (2015)! 302! (1/2-)! 0! (9/2+)! 131 In! 4273+x! (17/2+)! 2434! (7/2+)! 331! (1/2+)! 0+x! 11/2-! 0! (3/2+)! 131 Sn! 58 s! 56 s! Time (ms)! 3764 kev isomer! T1/2 = 330(50) ms! Agreement with! Evaluated 320(60) ms! 302 kev isomer! T1/2 = 303(14) ms! Agreement with! Evaluated 350(50) ms! Time (ms)! Time (ms)! T1/2 is too large once scaled to new 130 Cd half-life (192 ms)!
16 131 Sn!-rays following 131 In Decay! Many gamma rays observed! Goal: Expand and confirm current level scheme! Large coincidence efficiency! Possibility to do angular correlations! Goal: Solve the 131 In half-life discrepancy! 284 kev gamma-ray comes from (21/2+) decay! Coincidence with 284 kev! (x50)! Singles! 3764! (21/2+)! 302! (1/2-)! 0! (9/2+)! 131 In! 4273+x! (17/2+)! 2434! (7/2+)! 331! (1/2+)! 0+x! 11/2-! 0! (3/2+)! 131 Sn! gamma singles! 58 s! 56 s!
17 Summary! The GRIFFIN spectrometer is on-line at TRIUMF-ISAC allowing for the study of rare isotopes beams with low production yields! The recent discrepant half-life measurements of 129 Cd and 130 Cd have been confirmed.! The new half-life of 130 Cd resolves the problem of systematically short theoretical calculations of the half-life by providing a new Gamow-Teller quenching factor.! A new theoretical outlier, 131 In, exists with a half-life that is 40% too large. An analysis of the decay of 131 In is underway in conjunction with an analysis of the decay of 131 Cd in order to understand this discrepancy.!
18 Collaborators! University of Guelph (Canada)! V. Bildstein, C. E. Svensson, H. Bidaman, P. Boubel, C. Burbadge, M. R. Dunlop, P. E. Garrett,! D. Kisliuk, A. D. MacLean, E. McGee, B. Olaizola, A. J. Radich, J. Turko, T. Zidar! TRIUMF (Canada)! I. Dillmann, G. C. Ball, N. Bernier, R. Caballero-Folch, L. J. Evitts, A. B. Garnsworthy, G. Hackman,! S. Hallam, J. Henderson, R. Krucken, J. Lassen, R. Li, E. MacConnachie, M. Moukaddam, J. Park,! O. Paetkau, P. Ruotsalainen, J. Smallcombe, J. K. Smith, A. Teigelhofer! Instituto de Estructura de la Materia - CSIC (Spain)! A. Jungclaus! Simon Fraser University (Canada)! C. Andreoiu, F. Garcia, J. L. Pore! Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)! E. Padilla-Rodal! Colorado School of Mines (USA)! S. Ilyushkin! CNRS (France)! C. M. Petrache! Florida State University (USA)! S. L. Tabor! Thank you!
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