Measurements for 44 Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC 40
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1 Measurements for Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC 40 Ca(, ) Ti and future RIB experiments (ETH Zurich) for the DRAGON collaboration Vancouver, B.C., Canada
2 Role of Ti in Astrophysics laboratory half-life of /- 0.3 years [Ahmad et al., PRC 74 (2006)] decay through electron capture, if ionized half-life becomes longer detected in space by -ray satellites and in pre-solar grains produced in core-collapse supernova detection of relatively recent supernovae alpha-rich freeze-out just above the collapsing core observed quantity of Ti depends critically on mass-cut understanding of production requires reliable reaction rates uncertainty dominated by a few key reactions: 3 process Ti(,p) 47 V 45 V(p, ) 46 Cr 40 Ca(, ) Ti Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
3 Reaction rates governing Ti The et al., Astrophys. J. 504 (1998) Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
4 Ti from supernovae Material falls back Material ejected Simulation of alpha-rich freeze out: adiabatic expansion of pure 28 Si matter starting at T = K and = 10 7 g cm 3 alpha-rich freeze-out 45 V(p, ) 46 Cr Ti(, ) 48 Cr Ti(,p) 47 V 40 Ca(, ) Ti The et al., Astrophys. J. 504 (1998) Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
5 Previous measurements of 40 Ca(, ) Ti prompt ray measurements in the 1970s Simpson et al., Phys. Rev. C 4 (1971) Cooperman et al., Nucl. Phys. A 284 (1977) Dixon et al., Phys. Rev. C 15 (1977); Can. J. Phys. 58 (1980) resonance strength of a few isolated resonances recent AMS measurement discrepancy by a factor of ~5 Nassar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) integral measurement of a large energy range Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
6 Level scheme H. Nassar et al., Nucl. Phys. A 758 (2005) 411c Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
7 Astrophysical Reaction Rate Reaction rate: Resonance strength: Measured Yield ( Ti / 40 Ca ): Y( = 1 ev ) ~ Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
8 Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
9 Experiment at DRAGON alpha-rich freeze-out takes place at a large temperature regime cover a large energy range ( E cm ~ MeV ) several narrow resonances contribute to the yield thin target for sufficient resolution thick target to apply thick target yield energy loss in the gas target E cm ~ 10 kev / Torr 1 Torr: 220 energy steps 8 Torr: 30 energy steps Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
10 What we measure 40 Ca beam on target elastically scattered He atoms with collimated SB detectors beam contamination with ion chamber produced Ti recoils Ti detected at the ion chamber charge state fraction after the target detection efficiencies rays in coincidence with Ti energies and multiplicity z-position along the gas target energy loss of 40 Ca beam stopping power Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
11 Ti identification Ionization chamber E E measurement recoil identification isobar separation Time-of-Flight coincidence between prompt ray and recoil detection Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
12 Excitation function 40 Ca(, ) Ti 1.0 T 9 temperature regime 2.8 T 9 Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
13 Reaction rate of 40 Ca(, ) Ti previous measurements: Prompt Gamma, Nassar2006 statistical model: NON-SMOKER (web, ADNDT ), Rauscher emp., BRUSLIB DRAGON reaction rate: measured range E cm = MeV + of known resonances from prompt gamma studies E cm > 4.2 MeV Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
14 Implications of reaction rate on Ti yield Conclusions: 40% increase of Ti yield compared to empirical model by Rauscher et al Measured uncertainty of the reaction rate results in a 1 uncertainty of 3% in Ti yield Ti yield and a Ti/ 56 Ni ratio comparable to the observations in Cas A and SN1987A. [cf. Nassar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006)] But, some reactions with short-lived nuclides have large uncertainty in their reaction rate, which is a significant part of the uncertainty of the model calculations Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
15 Ti(,p) 47 V dominant destruction reaction for Ti relevant temperature regime T 9 center-of-mass energy: MeV 47 V small angles ~2 Measurement at FMA at Argonne Nat. Lab. Ti intensity of ~5 x 10 5 s 1 S-factor from shell model analysis astrophysical relevant energy range Sonzogni et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
16 Ti(, ) 48 Cr destruction of Ti if rate is higher than predicted by statistical models it competes with Ti(,p) 47 V reaction upper limit on reaction rate is a valuable information no experimental data so far relevant temperature regime T 9 Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
17 45 V(p, ) 46 Cr high influence on Ti yield because of (p, ) (,p) equilibrium with 45 V reaction rate controls when Ti breaks out of the quasi statistical equilibrium relevant temperature regime 1 2 T 9 46 Cr 0.26 s 45 V 0.55 s Ti 58.9 yr no experimental data so far S-factor from shell model analysis Horoi et al., Phys. Rev. C. 66 (2002) He and Murphy, Phys. Rev. C. 75 (2007) extremely difficult beam because of short half-life (0.55 s) and refractory nature of Vanadium Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
18 45 V(p, ) 46 Cr Reaction Yield based on estimated resonance data by He and Murphy, Phys. Rev. C. 75 (2007) T 9 = 1 min. intensity for a direct measurement at DRAGON Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
19 ISOL method This method involves the interaction of light ion beam onto a thick high-z target. The fragments produced are stopped in the bulk of the target material, which then diffuse and effuse under high temperature into the ion source. Yield: Y = x D E i incident beam intensity cross section x target thickness D diffusion efficiency E effusion efficiency i ionization efficiency fight against the half-life of the nuclide 11 Li (8.5 ms) s 1 21 Na (22.5 s) s 1 26g Al ( y) s 1 Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
20 ISAC target for radioactive beam production target tube with ~500 discs transfer line to ion source p beam 500 MeV 100 μa target module porous structure of target material remote handling hot cell composite carbide discs 20 m Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
21 Ti and 182Hf in nuclear astrophysics Garching April 16th 2007
22 Summary We measured the 40 Ca(, ) Ti reaction at the recoil mass spectrometer DRAGON in the energy regime of supernova nucleosynthesis (T 9 ~ 1 2.8) The Ti mass fraction in alpha-rich freeze-out calculation is 40% higher with the new reaction rate compared to the rate from empirical model by Rauscher et al. The uncertainty of Ti yield does not depend on the 40 Ca(, ) Ti reaction rate any more; measured uncertainty leads to a 3% uncertainty in Ti yield. uncertainty dominated by reactions with short-lived nuclides ( Ti, 45 V) future experiments with radioactive beams Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
23 Collaboration L. Buchmann, J. Caggiano, J.M. D Auria, B. Davids, A. Hussein, D.A. Hutcheon, D. Ottewell, M.M. Pavan, C. Ruiz, G. Ruprecht, M. Trinczek, C. Vockenhuber DRAGON collaboration at TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada A. Chen, C. Ouellet, J. Pearson McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L.-S. The Clemson University, Clemson, USA M. Paul Hebrew University / Weizmann Institute, Israel W. Kutschera, A. Wallner University of Vienna, Austria D. Frekers University of Münster, Germany A.M. Laird, R. Lewis University of York, England H. Crawford, L. Fogarty, E. O Conner, B. Wales, Summer students from Canada and Ireland B. Laxdal, M. Marchetto, K. Jayamana, ISAC operators TRIUMF staff, Vancouver, BC, Canada Ti at TRIUMF-ISAC Ti workshop Jan 2009
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