SOFIA Fission studies at GSI
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1 SOFIA Fission studies at GSI Julie-Fiona Martin for the SOFIA collaboration CEA, DAM, DIF Perspective on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade - Oct. 2014
2 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
3 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
4 SOFIA PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 4 / 32 Fission yields, Total kinetic energy, (and total prompt neutron multiplicity) Fully and simultaneously identify both fission fragments For a wide variety of fissioning systems
5 GSI ND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 5 / 32 GSI facility, Darmstadt, Germany Court. GSI LINAC Synchrotron FRS Cave C At GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Primary beam 238U Secondary beam, of fissile nuclei Identification of the fissile nucleus Fission and identification of both fission fragments
6 Identification of the ions PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 6 / 32 Bρ γv A Z Z Charge, E in an ionization chamber ρ Ion s trajectory curvature in a dipole Dipoles and positions γv Lorentz factor and velocity Time of flight A Mass (Z, ρ, γv) A Three measurements for a full identification
7 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
8 Secondary beam PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 8 / 32 GSI facility, Darmstadt, Germany Court. GSI LINAC Synchrotron FRS Cave C
9 Secondary beam Primary beam 238U, 1A.GeV Secondary beam Fragmentation Cave C FRS - Setting the secondary beam START target Dipoles Scintillators Degrador TPC MUSIC Z Charge Secondary beam STOP From FRS Ionization chamber ρ Positions γv Velocity PND2-2 - Oct ToF J.-F. Martin 9 / 32
10 Secondary beam Primary beam 238U, 1A.GeV Secondary beam Fragmentation Cave C FRS - Setting the secondary beam START target Dipoles Scintillators Degrador TPC MUSIC Secondary beam STOP From FRS Z ρ (Z, Bρ, γv) A γv PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 9 / 32
11 Identification Z 94 Secondary beam identification map A/Z PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 10 / 32
12 Fission fragments PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 11 / 32 GSI facility, Darmstadt, Germany Court. GSI LINAC Synchrotron FRS Cave C
13 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32 Secondary beam SOFIA setup in Cave-C from FRS ALADIN ALADIN was there. All the detectors developed and built by the SOFIA collab.
14 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C Secondary beam Fission from FRS SOFIA setup in Cave-C ALADIN Active Target Fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32
15 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C Secondary beam Fission from FRS SOFIA setup in Cave-C ALADIN Active Target Fission Twin-MUSIC Charges PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32
16 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C Secondary beam Fission from FRS SOFIA setup in Cave-C ALADIN Active Target Fission Twin-MUSIC Charges MWPCs Positions PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32
17 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32 Secondary beam Fission SOFIA setup in Cave-C from FRS ALADIN Start Flight path ~7m Stop Active Target Fission Twin-MUSIC Charges MWPCs Positions ToF Velocity
18 Setup SOFIA en Cave-C PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 12 / 32 Secondary beam Fission SOFIA setup in Cave-C from FRS ALADIN Start Flight path ~7m He pipe Scintillator Active Target Twin-MUSIC MWPC Stop Active Target Fission Twin-MUSIC Charges Z MWPCs Positions ρ ToF Velocity γ v (Z, Bρ, γv) A
19 EM fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 13 / 32 v/c ~ 0.8 Actinide Target
20 EM fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 13 / 32 Actinide Target Photon
21 EM fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 13 / 32 Actinide Target
22 EM fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 13 / 32 Target Fragments
23 EM fission PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 13 / 32 / de [mb/mev] dσ (γ,f) Excitation function at fission, 235 U secondary beam Target Fragments E* [MeV] Excitation energy distribution after EM excitations Same as photofission < E >= 12MeV 6MeV neutron 238 Np(EM, f ) 237 Np(n 6 MeV, f )
24 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
25 Results PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 15 / 32 SOFIA-1 : 6 days in 2012 Review results, example is 235 U(coulex, f )
26 Z yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 16 / 32 Complete disentanglement of charges Landmarks : e-o staggering and Z = 54
27 Z yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 16 / 32 Complete disentanglement of charges Landmarks : e-o staggering and Z = 54 Such reliability on charge yields is reachable exclusively at GSI
28 Z yield Yield (%) Z yield JEFF U (n 14, f) MeV 235 SOFIA - U (em, f) Z Complete disentanglement of charges Landmarks : e-o staggering and Z = 54 PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 16 / 32
29 A yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 17 / 32 Width of gaussians u FWHM Statistical uncertainty : ranging from 1.6 % to 3%
30 A yield Yield [%] U (coulex, f) A Width of gaussians u FWHM Statistical uncertainty : ranging from 1.6 % to 3% PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 17 / 32
31 A yield Yield (%) JEFF U (n 14, f) MeV 235 SOFIA - U (em, f) A yield A Width of gaussians u FWHM Statistical uncertainty : ranging from 1.6 % to 3% PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 17 / 32
32 N yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 18 / 32 N = A Z Landmarks : e-o staggering and N = 82
33 N yield Yield [%] U (coulex, f) N N = A Z Landmarks : e-o staggering and N = 82 PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 18 / 32
34 Isotopic yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 19 / 32 Very high resolution Heavy fragments are more demanding
35 Isotopic yield PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 19 / 32 Yield [%] 5 Z=32 Z=33 Z=34 Z=35 Z=36 Z=37 Z=38 Z=39 Z=40 Z=41 Z=42 Z=43 Z=44 Z=45 Z=46 Z=47 Z=48 Z=49 Z=50 Z=51 Z=52 Z=53 Z=54 Z=55 Z=56 Z=57 Z=58 Z=59 Z= U (coulex, f) A Very high resolution Heavy fragments are more demanding
36 Neutron multiplicity PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 20 / 32 ν n Indirect neutron multiplicity measurement : ν n = A (A L + A H ) Made possible by excellent resolution on mass
37 Neutron multiplicity PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 20 / 32 ν tot U (coulex, f) Z
38 Neutron multiplicity νtot U (coulex, f) Scission config., Court. N. Dubray PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin Z 20 / 32
39 Neutron multiplicity Z U (coulex, f) - ν tot (N,Z) N PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 20 / 32
40 Total kinetic energy TKE [MeV] Measured TKE - U (coulex, f) Z PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 21 / 32
41 TKE [MeV] Total kinetic energy Measured TKE U (coulex, f) Scission config., Court. N. Dubray PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin Z 21 / 32
42 Total kinetic energy Z N PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 21 / 32
43 SOFIA-1 PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 22 / 32 SOFIA-1, August 2012 SOFIA-1 has been a success For the very first time, both fission fragments fully identified, simultaneously Z, A, N and isotopic yields Prompt neutron multiplicity and total kinetic energy 80 fissioning systems, some measured for the first time But... We missed 236 U 235 U + n
44 SOFIA-1 PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 22 / 32 SOFIA-1, August 2012 SOFIA-1 has been a success For the very first time, both fission fragments fully identified, simultaneously Z, A, N and isotopic yields Prompt neutron multiplicity and total kinetic energy 80 fissioning systems, some measured for the first time But... We missed 236 U 235 U + n SOFIA-2 is planned for now! Beam 22-24th october, 2014
45 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
46 SOFIA-2 PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 24 / 32 from FRS Secondary beam STOP Fission SOFIA setup in Cave-C ALADIN START 1.5 m 60 cm TPC (court. FRS) MUSIC (court. FRS) Scintillator He pipe Twin-MUSIC MWPC ToF 7.5 m Stripper Active Target ALADIN Fragment's ightpath STOP
47 SOFIA-2 ND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 25 / 32 Secondary beam Fission STOP SOFIA setup in Cave-C from FRS ALADIN START 1.5 m 60 cm TPC (court. FRS) MUSIC (court. FRS) Scintillator He pipe Twin-MUSIC MWPC ToF 7.5 m Stripper Active Target ALADIN Fragment's ightpath STOP All the same, but all improved! Efficiency was 75%, it becomes 95% Max count rate was 2kHz, it becomes 4 5kHz 236 U is to be measured with high statistics
48 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
49 Outlook, 5 years PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 27 / 32 Within 5 years, SOFIA at R3B The experimental area Cave C is to be ugraded, to R3B = Reactions with Relativistic Radioactives Beams
50 Outlook, 5 years ND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 28 / 32 GLAD New dipole, more powerful -> better resolution on mass measurement CALIFA Calorimeter -> fission γ, multiplicity and total energy NeuLAND Neutron detector -> assign prompt neutron to each fragment Also, considering 242 Pu as primary beam. Access fission of heavier actinides : Am, Pu, Np...
51 Outlook, a long time PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 29 / 32 SOFIA at ELISE = felise Complete revolution as compared to first steps of SOFIA 238 U primary beam accelerated through LINAC, SIS Fragmentation reaction to produce secondary beam Selection of ions of interest through SuperFRS Injection of pure 2y beam into storage ring NESR
52 Outlook, a long time PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 29 / 32 SOFIA at ELISE = felise Complete revolution as compared to first steps of SOFIA Electron ion scattering Excitation of ion known on an event-by-event basis De-excitation through fission Identification of the fragments
53 1 Intro 2 Experimental setup Secondary beam Fission fragments Electromagnetic fission 3 SOFIA 1 Yields Neutron multiplicity TKE SOFIA-1 4 SOFIA 2 5 Outlook 6 Conclusion
54 Conclusion PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 31 / 32 SOFIA-1 SOFIA-1 in Aug Fission observables are Z, A, N and isotopic yields, and TKE and total prompt neutron multiplicity For the very first time, both fragments are fully and simultaneously identified With unprecedented resolution Paramount for the applications... But we missed 236 U 235 U + n! Over 80 nuclei Overview on the nuclear landscape
55 Conclusion PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 31 / 32 SOFIA-1 SOFIA-2 SOFIA-2 in Oct (now!) The principle stays the same, but the whole setup is improved Higher geometrical acceptance, higher counting rate We are ready for 236 U!
56 Conclusion PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 31 / 32 SOFIA-1 SOFIA-2 And then? First step : SOFIA at R3B evolution of the setup Horizon 2017 Better mass resolution New observables : prompt neutron multiplicity per fragment, prompt γ emission Further down the line : FAIR/ELISe (r)evolution of the setup fission induced by electron-ion scattering excitation energy known on an event-by-event basis
57 Thank you! PND2-2 - Oct J.-F. Martin 32 / 32
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