Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan,
|
|
- Homer McGee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 24; 3(6): Published online December 6, 24 ( doi:.648/j.ijmsa ISSN: (Print); ISSN: (Online) Solid electrolyte function of a polyethylene porous membrane filled with Side-Chain Crystalline Block co-polymer by using its crystalline supramolecular interaction Yusuke Sano, Ryoko Nakano, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeru Yao * Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-9- Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan, address: shyao@fukuoka-u.ac.jp (S. Yao) To cite this article: Yusuke Sano, Ryoko Nakano, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Shigeru Yao. Solid Electrolyte Function of a Polyethylene Porous Membrane Filled with Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer by Using Its Crystalline Supramolecular Interaction. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. Vol. 3, No. 6, 24, pp doi:.648/j.ijmsa Abstract: Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer (SCCBC), which is composed of a side-chain crystalline monomer unit and a functional monomer unit (which can confer solvent-compatibility, polarity, etc.), can be adsorbed to a polyethylene crystal through crystalline supramolecular interaction. By using this interaction, we can modify not only the surface but also the inner pores of a porous polyethylene membrane to give various properties. In this study, we used a monomer with ethylene oxide repeating units as a functional unit, and evaluated its potential as a solid electrolyte for use in a Li ion secondary battery. The properties of the solid electrolyte were excellent compared to those of a non-modified porous membrane at low temperature. In addition, the solid electrolyte did not show temperature-dependence, and the Li + ion conductivity remained nearly constant throughout the temperature range of 3 C to 6 ºC. However, at high temperature (above 7 ºC), the conductivity began to decrease. This characteristic may make it useful for sensing temperature and for self-controlling thermal runaway. Keywords: Solid Electrolyte, Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer, Crystalline Supramolecular Interaction, Filling Membrane. Introduction Figure. Typical chemical structure of side-chain crystalline block copolymer. It is well known that a polymer with long alkane side-chains (more than carbon atoms) is a side-chain crystalline polymer [-3]. Recently, we polymerized a block copolymer composed of a side-chain crystalline monomer unit and a solvent-compatible monomer unit (Side-Chain Crystalline Block Copolymer: SCCBC) by living radical polymerization. Figure shows a typical chemical structure of SCCBC. We found that this SCCBC could be a very good dispersant of concentrated polyethylene (PE) particles dispersion systems [4-9]. This was because the side-chain crystalline unit of this block copolymer is strongly adsorbed on the PE surface, and this adsorption can be considered a form of crystalline supramolecular interaction. Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of the mechanism of the adsorption of SCCBC on a PE surface. As a result of this adsorption, the surface of the PE particle is covered by solvent-compatible units and is easily wetted by solvent, which eliminates particle aggregation.
2 4 Yusuke Sano et al.: Solid Electrolyte Function of a Polyethylene Porous Membrane Filled with Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer by Using Its Crystalline Supramolecular Interaction Figure 2. Schematic of the crystalline supramolecular interaction mechanism of the adsorption of SCCBC on a polyethylene surface. The side-chain crystalline units are adsorbed onto the PE crystalline surface and construct a pseudo crystal. The surface of PE has generally been thought to be inert because of its high crystallinity, and no chemical group that can interact with it has been identified. For the modification of a PE surface, physical modifications (UV or plasma irradiation) have usually been carried out. However, these methods often do not result in the required properties and essentially cleave the polymer chain. Therefore, these methods decrease the mechanical properties of PE and can not be applied to a thin PE film. Furthermore, such methods can not be used to effectively modify the interior of a porous PE membrane. Even when the solvent-compatible unit of a SCCBC is composed of polar chemical groups, the SCCBC can easily dissolve in an organic solvent because of its side-chain crystalline unit. Thus, a solution that contains the SCCBC can penetrate into the pores of a porous PE membrane, which means that polar chemical units can be placed inside a porous PE membrane. In addition, such polar chemical units can stably remain inside the PE pores because the side-chain crystalline unit of the SCCBC is strongly adsorbed to the PE surface. In fact, since SCCBC is adsorbed so strongly, all that is necessary for SCCBC to penetrate into the pores is to place the SCCBC on a PE porous membrane and then raise the temperature to above the melting point of SCCBC. By using this approach, we can modify a PE porous membrane to give functional membranes. In this study, we used a monomer with ethylene oxide repeating units as a functional unit, and evaluated its potential as a solid electrolyte for use in a Li ion secondary battery. 2. Experimental 2.. Polymerization Table. Molecular weights of the units of SCCBCs used in this study For the side-chain crystalline monomer, we used stearyl acrylate (STA) and behenyl acrylate (BHA). For the functional monomer, we used di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate (DEEA) and polyethylene glycol mono acrylate (PGMA). To initiate polymerization, we used 3,7-dioxa-4-aza-6-phosphanonanoic acid, 4,5-bis(,-dimethylethyl)-6-ethoxy-2, 2-dimethyl-, 6-oxide (SG--MA; BlocBuilder, ARKEMA). Polymerization was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 5 C. The block copolymer was polymerized by sequential monomer addition. The polymerized SCCBCs and the weight average molecular weight of each unit are summarized in Table. Sample code Crystalline unit Functional unit Molecular specimen Molecular weight (g/mol) Molecular specimen Molecular weight (g/mol) SCCBC- STA 5, DEEA 9,5 SCCBC-2 BHA 3, PGMA 6, 2.2. PE Membrane Modification In this study, we used two PE membranes: a PE porous filter (Mykrolis UPE, pore size.µm) and a PE separator for a Li ion secondary battery (thickness 3µm, porosity 64% and Gurle value 78sec/cc). These membranes were modified by dipping them into dilute (.5wt%) acetanilide SCCBC solutions. The properties of the solutions are listed in Table 2. Table 2. Species of Porous PE Membrane, SCCBC, Solution, and Additive for Filling a Porous PE Membrane Sample code Species of PE porous membrane SCCBC Solution Additive mod-pe PE filter (Mykrolis UPE) SCCBC- acetanilide - mod-pe PE Li ion battery separator SCCBC-2 acetanilide lithium hexafluorophosphate (mol/l) In the case of the PE separator, we added lithium hexafluorophosphate to the acetanilide solution to give mol/l. In the case of mod-pe, we used N,N-dimethyl acetamide as the liquid electrolyte and added lithium hexafluorophosphate to give mol/l. After modification, the membranes were air-dried and vacuum-dried before the conductivity measurement Conductivity Measurement Li + ion conductivity was measured by using an LCR-HITESTER impedance device (HIOKI ). The impedances were measured at 34 frequencies within the range of 5 to 8,Hz. For each measurement, we made a Cole-Cole plot and determined the Li + ion conductivity. The
3 International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 24; 3(6): temperature was varied from 35 C to 75 C. 4 adsorption of SCCBC. 3. Results and Discussion Figure 3 shows photos of the results of dropping the modified (by dipping) and unmodified PE membranes in water. While the unmodified membrane floated on the water, the modified membrane sank. This indicates that, as a result of simple dipping in SCCBC solution, the PE membrane becomes hydrophilic not only on its surface but also in its interior. Figure 5. Temperature-dependence of Li+ ion conductivity. Open circle shows an unmodified PE membrane used as a separator and closed circle shows a mod-pe membrane used as a separator. Figure 3. Photo of unmodified (a) and modified (b) PE porous membranes in water. Figure 4 shows a SEM image of the porous PE membrane after it was filled with the SCCBC by dipping. In the image, the pores are covered with thin films. This suggests that the SCCBC filled the pores and was stabilized due to its affinity with PE. These results show that we can easily modify the PE membrane to become hydrophilic with the use of the crystalline supramolecular interaction of SCCBC. Figure 4. SEM image of the cross-section of a porous PE membrane modified by dipping in dilute SCCBC solution. Figure 5 shows the temperature-dependence of the Li+ ion conductivity of unmodified PE membrane and mod-pe membrane using DMAc/LiAlO4 solution as an electrolyte. The Li+ ion conductivity of unmodified PE membrane increased with the temperature. This is a common phenomenon, and is caused by an increase in the mobility of Li+ ion and a decrease in the viscosity of the electrolyte. For mod-pe, the Li+ ion conductivity increased at lower temperature. This was because the PE membrane, which was originally hydrophobic and thus showed poor wettability with the electrolytic solution, had become hydrophilic by the Interestingly, for the modified PE membrane, the Li+ ion conductivity became almost independent of temperature. Over 65ºC, the conductivity began to decrease, until finally (at about 75 ºC) the conductivity was almost the same as that of unmodified PE membrane. Figure 6 shows the mechanism of the change in conductivity. At low temperature, the SCCBC is adsorbed on the surface of a pore of the PE membrane, the surface becomes hydrophilic, and a Li+ ion channel is constructed. This is why there is an increase in Li+ ion conductivity at low temperature. At high temperature, the SCCBC is desorbed from the surface of PE, the original hydrophilic surface reappears, and the Li+ ion channel is closed. Figure 6. Schematic images of adsorbed and desorbed SCCBC on the pore surface of a porous PE membrane. (a) low temperature and (b) high temperature. (c) is shcematic modeled SCCBC, solid line represents side chain crystalline units and dashed line represents functional units. In a previous paper, we estimated the change in diameter by using the Hagen Poiseuille equation (equation ). V= πr 4 P 8 Lη () where P : decrease in pressure, L: length of the cylindrical pore, η: dynamic viscosity, r: radius, p: mathematical constant, and V: volume of flow per unit time. V is considered to be proportional to the Li+ ion conductivity. Therefore, the
4 42 Yusuke Sano et al.: Solid Electrolyte Function of a Polyethylene Porous Membrane Filled with Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer by Using Its Crystalline Supramolecular Interaction difference in conductivity is associated with the pore diameter of the Li + ion channel (equation 2). S S V = V d = d where d and d2 are the effective pore diameters of the Li + ion channel. If we apply this equation in this case, we see that, upon modification with SCCBC at low temperature, the diameter increased.2-fold, and the diameter decreased.96-fold with the desorption of SCCBC. We might be able to use this phenomenon to determine the temperature of a Li ion battery. Figure 7. Temperature-dependence of Li + ion conductivity of a mod-pe2 membrane used as a solid electrolyte. Furthermore, a battery might be able to automatically decrease its output capacity at high temperature. 4 (2) negative at the lower and middle temperature range and decreases rapidly at high temperature. The same mechanism that is at work in Fig. 5 may be having an effect here. Figure 8 shows the stability of conductivity at a lower temperature range. We evaluated the conductivity under heating and cooling cycles between 35 ºC to 39 ºC. Within this temperature range, the conductivity is very stable. This result suggests that a PE membrane filled with SCCBC would be a very excellent solid electrolyte under normal conditions, and could decrease the conductivity at high temperature. 4. Conclusions The SCCBC is strongly adsorbed onto PE crystal by its crystalline supramolecular interaction. It also readily dissolves in organic solvent. By using these properties, we can modify the hydrophobic property of the surface and the pores of a PE membrane simply by dipping the membrane into a SCCBC solution. The original hydrophobicity of the PE membrane can be restored at high temperature. In this study, we modified a PE membrane so that it would exhibit Li + ion conductivity by using two SCCBCs with ethylene oxide structures. These modified membranes showed excellent separator and solid electrolyte properties. In addition, these membranes had specific properties which suggest that they could be used to detect a temperature change and to automatically decrease the conductivity at high temperature. These properties would be very useful for avoiding the thermal runaway of a Li ion secondary battery. By changing the functional unit of the SCCBC and applying the associated properties, we may be able to create many other functional filters or separator membranes. References [] K. Shiratsuchi, T. Matsumoto, S. Yao, N. Shiraishi, Dynamic viscoelastic properties in the molten state for cellulose acylates and (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) acrylates, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 34, 987, pp [2] K. Inomata, Y. Sakamaki, T. Nose, S. Sasaki, Solid-State Structure of Comb-Like Polymers Having n-octadecyl Side Chains I. Cocrystallization of Side Chain with n-octadecanoic Acid, Polym. J., vol. 28, 996, pp Figure 8. Time- and temperature-dependence of Li + ion conductivity of a mod-pe2 membrane used as a solid electrolyte. The temperature was cycled between 35 ºC and 39 ºC. Solid lines mean heating and dashed lines mean cooling. Figure 7 shows the solid electrolyte ability of mo-pe2 modified by SCCBC-2. The conductivity at 35 ºC was S cm, which is very high. In this case, due to the side-chain crystalline unit adsorbed on the side wall of the PE pore surface, the polyoxy ethylene layer was constructed parallel to the pore side wall from the upper surface to the lower surface of the membrane. In this case, the temperature-dependence is slightly [3] Y. Inoue, M. Matsui, S. Kuroki, I. Ando, A study of diffusional behavior of polymer having semiflexible main-chain with long n-alkyl side-chains as associated with structural behavior of the side-chains, J. Mol. Struct., vol. 976, 2, pp [4] T. Okuma, S. Yao, R. Nakano, H. Sekiguchi, S. Ichikawa, D. Tatsumi, Supramolecular function of side chain crystalline block co-polymer -Dispersant effect of concentrated polyethylene particle dispersion and thermal rheological effect-, IEICE Technical Report, vol. 3/67, 23, pp [5] S. Yao, T. Okuma, C. Kumamaru, H. Sekiguchi, S. Ichikawa, D. Tatsumi, Supramolecular Interaction of Side-Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer and Its Thermal Rheological Function, Mater. Trans. vol. 54, 23, pp
5 International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 24; 3(6): [6] S. Yao, M. Sakurai, H. Sekiguchi, H. Otsubo, T. Uto, Y. Yamachika, W. Ishino, S. Ichikawa, D. Tatsumi, Thermal Rheological Fluid Properties of Particle Dispersion Systems using Side Chain Crystalline Block Copolymer (III), Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (J. Soc. Rheol. Japan), vol. 4, 23, pp [7] S. Yao, M. Sakurai, H. Sekiguchi, H. Otsubo, T. Uto, Y. Yamachika, W. Ishino, S. Ichikawa, D. Tatsumi, The Intelligent Material Function of Side Chain Crystalline Block Copolymer (IV). Control the Lithium Ion Mobility in Polyethylene Porous Membrane, Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (J. Soc. Rheol. Japan), vol. 4, 22, pp [8] S. Ichikawa, S. Yao, Thermal Rheological Properties of the Particle Dispersion Sysytems with Using Side Chain Crystalline Block Co-Polymer II, Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (J. Soc. Rheol. Japan), vol. 4, 22, pp [9] S. Yao, S. Ichikawa, A Nobel Dispersant for High Content Polyethylene Particle Dispersion, Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (J. Soc. Rheol. Japan), vol. 39, 2, pp. 8-82
Effect of Surfactant on the Bridging Conformation of Associating Polymer and Suspension Rheology
Article Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi Vol.35, No.1, 27~34 (Journal of the Society of Rheology, Japan) 2007 The Society of Rheology, Japan Effect of Surfactant on the Bridging Conformation of Associating Polymer
More informationCuring Properties of Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Derivatives
Curing Properties of Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Derivatives Hiroshi Sasaki Toagosei Co. Ltd. Nagoya, Japan Introduction UV-cationic-curing, based on the photo-generation of acid and consecutive cationic polymerization,
More informationIntroduction: Green Technology
Product categories Surfactant classification Introduction: Green Technology One of the newer technologies is using renewable resources as basis for surfactant formulating Surfactant: hydrophilic / hydrophobic
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information Nanomanufacturing of High-Performance
More informationPolymer Reaction Engineering
Polymer Reaction Engineering Polymerization Techniques Bulk Solution Suspension Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization Solid-State Gas-Phase Plasma Polymerization in Supercritical Fluids Bulk Polymerization
More informationOrientational behavior of liquid-crystalline polymers with amide groups
Advances in Materials 2014; 3(6): 89-93 Published online January 06, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/am) doi: 10.11648/j.am.20140306.14 ISSN: 2327-2503 (Print); ISSN: 2327-252X (Online) Orientational
More informationPolymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers
Polymers in Modified Asphalt Robert Q. Kluttz KRATON Polymers Polymers in Modified Asphalt Types of Polymers Compatibility of Polymers Effects of Polymers Analysis of polymers Recovery of PMA What Is a
More informationGeneral Chemistry A
General Chemistry 1140 - A May 5, 2005 (6 Pages, 48 Questions) ame 1. Which of the following properties is a general characteristic of solids? (A) Solids have a rigid shape and fixed volume (B) Solids
More informationStress Overshoot of Polymer Solutions at High Rates of Shear
Stress Overshoot of Polymer Solutions at High Rates of Shear K. OSAKI, T. INOUE, T. ISOMURA Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Received 3 April 2000; revised
More information2.500 Desalination and Water Purification
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 2.500 Desalination and Water Purification Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Amphiphilic
More informationSupplementary Information. Experimental Methods
Extremely thin Pd-silica mixed-matrix membranes with nano-dispersion for improved hydrogen permeability Masakoto Kanezashi, Mitsunori Sano, Tomohisa Yoshioka, and Toshinori Tsuru Department of Chemical
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. Photonic sensing via SRS method. Reflection spectra of a) a dried SiO 2 opal and b-d) the SiO 2 opal infiltrated with different organic solvents, whose refractive
More informationElectrophoretic Deposition. - process in which particles, suspended in a liquid medium, migrate in an electric field and deposit on an electrode
Electrophoretic Deposition - process in which particles, suspended in a liquid medium, migrate in an electric field and deposit on an electrode no redox differs from electrolytic in several ways deposit
More informationOptimizing GPC Separations
Optimizing GPC Separations Criteria for Solvent Selection True sample solubility (Polarity and Time dependant) Compatibility with columns Avoid non-size exclusion effects (eg adsorption by reverse phase
More informationIssued: 02/07/06 Spring 2006 Due: 02/16/06 10 points/problem
Problem Set 1 solutions 20.462J/3.962J Issued: 02/07/06 Spring 2006 Due: 02/16/06 10 points/problem 1. Listed in the table below are chemical and schematic structures of poly(l-lactide) and a number of
More informationAC impedance and dielectric spectroscopic studies of Mg 2+ ion conducting PVA PEG blended polymer electrolytes
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 5, August 211, pp. 163 167. c Indian Academy of Sciences. AC impedance and dielectric spectroscopic studies of Mg 2+ ion conducting PVA PEG blended polymer electrolytes
More informationFigure 1. Pore size distribution
Product Information '2:(;Ã237,325(Ã/ÃDQGÃ9 Polymeric Adsorbents Dow has developed a new polymeric adsorbent type for the concentration of organics from air and water. Key features of these adsorbents are:
More informationGL Chromatodisc. Usage Type Description. GL Chromatodisc Type A GL Chromatodisc Type P GL Chromatodisc Type N 13AI
syringe filters promises reproducible results from the filtration of organic and aqueous solutions in HPLC. Trace amount of samples containing impurities or contaminants can be easily removed, resulting
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Oh et al. 10.1073/pnas.0811923106 SI Text Hysteresis of BPE-PTCDI MW-TFTs. Fig. S9 represents bidirectional transfer plots at V DS 100VinN 2 atmosphere for transistors constructed
More informationA stable inkjet ink containing ZnS:Mn nanoparticles as pigment
A stable inkjet ink containing ZnS:Mn nanoparticles as pigment Peter D. Angelo & Ramin R. Farnood University of Toronto Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry Thursday, June 25 th, 2009,
More informationStudy of adsorption and desorption of asphaltene sediments inhibitor in the bottomhole formation zone
Study of adsorption and desorption of asphaltene sediments inhibitor in the bottomhole formation zone G. Korobov Assistant Professor, Department of Development and Operation of Oil and Gas Fields, Saint-Petersburg
More informationOrganized polymeric submicron particles via selfassembly. and crosslinking of double hydrophilic. poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) in
Supporting Information Organized polymeric submicron particles via selfassembly and crosslinking of double hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) in aqueous solution Jochen Willersinn,
More informationGraphene oxide hydrogel at solid/liquid interface
Electronic Supplementary Information Graphene oxide hydrogel at solid/liquid interface Jiao-Jing Shao, Si-Da Wu, Shao-Bo Zhang, Wei Lv, Fang-Yuan Su and Quan-Hong Yang * Key Laboratory for Green Chemical
More informationSurface-modified Nonwoven Membranes with High Capacity for Protein Binding. P V Gurgel, H Liu, Y Zheng, and R G Carbonell
Surface-modified Nonwoven Membranes with High Capacity for Protein Binding P V Gurgel, H Liu, Y Zheng, and R G Carbonell Nonwoven Fabrics High-speed, low cost processes 300-1,000 meters/minute, 5-6 meters
More informationPhysical properties of porous membranes. Membranes D f S BET [m 2 /g] d peak [nm]
The Sol-Gel Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Silica Membrane with Controlled Pore Size T. Fujii, T. Izumi, Dept. of Food Sci., Niigata Univ. of Pharm. & Appl. Life Sci., Niitsu, Niigata 956-8603,
More informationThe rheological properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) solutions in dimethyl acetamide
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 20, No. 4, December 2008 pp. 213-220 The rheological properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) solutions in dimethyl acetamide Ki Hyun Lee, In
More informationMonolayers. Factors affecting the adsorption from solution. Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support
Monolayers Adsorption as process Adsorption of gases on solids Adsorption of solutions on solids Factors affecting the adsorption from solution Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support Adsorption
More informationPolymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle)
EQ, Q, DEQuim, DQuim nd semester 017/018, IST-UL Science and Technology of Polymers ( nd cycle) Polymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle) Lecture 5 Viscosity easurements of the viscosity
More informationFlow Temperature of Poly(Lactic Acid) Gel in Solvents with Different Solubility
Note Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi Vol.46, No.1, 37~41 (Journal of the Society of Rheology, Japan) 2018 The Society of Rheology, Japan Flow Temperature of Poly(Lactic Acid) Gel in Solvents with Different Solubility
More informationUltra-stretchable, bio-inspired ionic skins enable working stably in various harsh environments
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry
More informationFisika Polimer Ariadne L Juwono. Sem /2007
Chapter 4. Ionic and coordination (addition) polymerization 4.1. Similarities and contrast on ionic polymerization 4.2. Cationic polymerization 4.3. Anionic polymerization 4.4. Coordination polymerization
More informationMilena Stanga Technical Marketing Engineer SOLVAY GREEN PVDF FOR GREEN BATTERIES
Milena Stanga Technical Marketing Engineer SOLVAY GREEN PVDF FOR GREEN BATTERIES STATE OF THE ART PVDF powder in NMP solvent PVDF is a partially fluorinated semi-crystalline polymer with excellent thermo-mechanical
More informationRole of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramic in enhancing the ionic. conductivity of a polymer electrolyte composite
Role of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramic in enhancing the ionic conductivity of a polymer electrolyte composite Pramod Kumar Singh a* and Amreesh Chandra b (a) Department of Physics, Banaras
More informationCH 2 = CH - CH =CH 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Styrene is almost a unique monomer, in that it can be polymerized by practically all methods of chain polymerization. A. Free radical B. Anionic C. Cationic D. Co-ordination
More informationTrapping Lithium into Hollow Silica Microspheres. with a Carbon Nanotube Core for Dendrite-Free
Supporting Information Trapping Lithium into Hollow Silica Microspheres with a Carbon Nanotube Core for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes Tong-Tong Zuo,, Ya-Xia Yin,, Shu-Hua Wang, Peng-Fei Wang,, Xinan
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Under-Oil Switchable Superhydrophobicity to Superhydrophilicity Transition on TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays Hongjun Kang, Yuyan Liu, Hua Lai, Xiaoyan Yu, Zhongjun Cheng, and Lei Jiang MIIT
More informationPeriodic table with the elements associated with commercial polymers in color.
Polymers 1. What are polymers 2. Polymerization 3. Structure features of polymers 4. Thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers 5. Additives 6. Polymer crystals 7. Mechanical properties of polymers
More informationTechnology offer: Environmentally friendly holographic recording material
Technology offer: Environmentally friendly holographic recording material Technology offer: Environmentally friendly holographic recording material SUMMARY Our research group has developed a new photopolymer
More informationThe particle size and shape of polyaniline in aqueous solutions of poly-(n-vinylpyrrolidone)
Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2013, pp. 10 14 The particle size and shape of polyaniline in aqueous solutions of poly-(n-vinylpyrrolidone) S.V. Osadchenko, Ya.O. Mezhuev, Yu.V. Korshak, and M.I. Shtil man
More informationThermal Methods of Analysis Theory, General Techniques and Applications. Prof. Tarek A. Fayed
Thermal Methods of Analysis Theory, General Techniques and Applications Prof. Tarek A. Fayed 1- General introduction and theory: Thermal analysis (TA) is a group of physical techniques in which the chemical
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28 Two types in general use: -packed (stationary phase) -open tubular or capillary determine selectivity and efficiency of the sample. Column Materials Column
More informationLecture 5: Macromolecules, polymers and DNA
1, polymers and DNA Introduction In this lecture, we focus on a subfield of soft matter: macromolecules and more particularly on polymers. As for the previous chapter about surfactants and electro kinetics,
More informationHigh-Performance Silicon Battery Anodes Enabled by
Supporting Information for: High-Performance Silicon Battery Anodes Enabled by Engineering Graphene Assemblies Min Zhou,, Xianglong Li, *, Bin Wang, Yunbo Zhang, Jing Ning, Zhichang Xiao, Xinghao Zhang,
More informationSolution-processable graphene nanomeshes with controlled
Supporting online materials for Solution-processable graphene nanomeshes with controlled pore structures Xiluan Wang, 1 Liying Jiao, 1 Kaixuan Sheng, 1 Chun Li, 1 Liming Dai 2, * & Gaoquan Shi 1, * 1 Department
More informationDiffusion and Adsorption in porous media. Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Diffusion and Adsorption in porous media Ali Ahmadpour Chemical Eng. Dept. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Contents Introduction Devices used to Measure Diffusion in Porous Solids Modes of transport in
More informationCross Section of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
PEMFC Electrodes 1 Cross Section of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Anode Cathode 2 Typical PEMFC Electrodes: - Anode Hydrogen Oxidation - Pt Ru / C - Cathode Oxygen reduction - Pt / C Pt is alloyed
More informationSPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION
SPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION Pierre Hennaux, Nemesio Martinez-Castro, Jose P. Ruiz, Zhihua Zhang and Michael D. Rhodes Solvay Inc. Centre for Research & Technology-
More informationSolutions for Assignment-8
Solutions for Assignment-8 Q1. The process of adding impurities to a pure semiconductor is called: [1] (a) Mixing (b) Doping (c) Diffusing (d) None of the above In semiconductor production, doping intentionally
More informationWhat type of samples are common? Time spent on different operations during LC analyses. Number of samples? Aims. Sources of error. Sample preparation
What type of samples are common? Sample preparation 1 2 Number of samples? Time spent on different operations during LC analyses 3 4 Sources of error Aims Sample has to be representative Sample has to
More informationPolymers 2017; doi: 1. Structural Characterisation of the Prepared Iniferters, BDC and SBDC
S1/S15 Supplementary Materials: Optimisation of surfaceinitiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerisation under confinement, and the formation of block copolymers in mesoporous films Jessica C. Tom 1, Robert
More information2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state
2. Amorphous or Crystalline Structurally, polymers in the solid state may be amorphous or crystalline. When polymers are cooled from the molten state or concentrated from the solution, molecules are often
More informationSurPASS. Electrokinetic Analyzer for Solid Samples. ::: Innovation in Materials Science
SurPASS Electrokinetic Analyzer for Solid Samples ::: Innovation in Materials Science SurPASS For Solid Surface Analysis The SurPASS electrokinetic analyzer helps material scientists to improve surface
More informationContents. Preface XIII
V Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Fundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersion of Powders into Liquids 1 1.1.1 Wetting of Powder into Liquid 1 1.1.2 Breaking of Aggregates
More informationColligative Properties
Colligative Properties Vapor pressures have been defined as the pressure over a liquid in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and gas phase in a closed system. The vapor pressure of a solution is different
More informationChromatography. Gas Chromatography
Chromatography Chromatography is essentially the separation of a mixture into its component parts for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The basis of separation is the partitioning of the analyte mixture
More informationWM2016 Conference, March 6 10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Deposition Behavior of Supersaturated Silicic Acid on Ca-type Bentonite in Geological Disposal System 16033 Tsuyoshi Sasagawa *, Taiji Chida *, Yuichi Niibori * * Tohoku University * Department of Quantum
More informationGeneral Chemistry A
General Chemistry 1140 - A May 6, 2004 (6 Pages, 43 Parts) Name Each of the 40 multiple choice questions counts 2 point. Give the letter of the correct answer. 1. 2. Crystalline solids differ from amorphous
More informationLecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers
Lecture No. (1) Introduction of Polymers Polymer Structure Polymers are found in nature as proteins, cellulose, silk or synthesized like polyethylene, polystyrene and nylon. Some natural polymers can also
More informationSynthesis of Highly Concentrated Ag Nanoparticles in a Heterogeneous Solid-Liquid System under Ultrasonic Irradiation
Materials Transactions, Vol. 51, No. 10 (2010) pp. 1764 to 1768 Special Issue on Lead-Free and Advanced Interconnection Materials for Electronics #2010 The Japan Institute of Metals Synthesis of Highly
More informationThe goal of this project is to enhance the power density and lowtemperature efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) manufactured by atomic layer
Stanford University Michael Shandalov1, Shriram Ramanathan2, Changhyun Ko2 and Paul McIntyre1 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University 2Division of Engineering and Applied
More informationDevelopment of high-effective oil sorbents on the basis of microencapsulationl microgranulation techniques
Development of high-effective oil sorbents on the basis of microencapsulationl microgranulation techniques M. S. Vilessova, L. A. Rubinchik, N. N. Saprykina, R. P. Stankevich & B. I. Tkachev Russian Scientzjic
More informationIon Conducting Behaviour of Nano Dispersed Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing NH 4 PF 6
Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 26/6 (2008) 493-501 PORTUGALIAE ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA ISSN 1647-1571 Ion Conducting Behaviour of Nano Dispersed Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing NH 4 PF 6 Jitender P. Sharma
More informationControl of Optical Properties by the Stepwise Chemical and Plasma Spray Treatment of Polycarbonate
Appl. Sci. Converg. Technol. 27(6): 135-139 (2018) https://doi.org/10.5757/asct.2018.27.6.135 Research Paper Control of Optical Properties by the Stepwise Chemical and Plasma Spray Treatment of Polycarbonate
More informationThe Effect of Contact Angle and Wetting on Performance in Solid Phase Extraction
The Effect of Contact Angle and Wetting on Performance in Solid Phase Extraction Edouard S. P. Bouvier, Randy E. Meirowitz and Uwe D. Neue Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757 USA Presented
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/10/eaao3530/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Topological liquid diode Jiaqian Li, Xiaofeng Zhou, Jing Li, Lufeng Che, Jun Yao, Glen McHale, Manoj K. Chaudhury,
More informationPolymerization shrinkage by investigation of uv curable dental restorative composites containing multifunctional methacrylates
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 15, 2, 81 Pol. 85, J. 10.2478/pjct-2013-0027 Chem. Tech., Vol. 15, No. 2, 2013 81 Polymerization shrinkage by investigation of uv curable dental restorative composites
More informationInfluence of Nonionic Surfactant Concentration on Physical Characteristics of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Carbon Cryogel Microspheres
Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Concentration on Physical Characteristics of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Carbon Cryogel Microspheres Seong-Ick Kim, Takuji Yamamoto, Akira Endo, Takao Ohmori, and Masaru Nakaiwa
More informationTOPIC 7. Polymeric materials
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid www.uc3m.es MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TOPIC 7. Polymeric materials 1. Introduction Definition General characteristics Historic introduction Polymers: Examples 2.
More informationRadiation Curable Additives Enabling Excellent Paint Surfaces
Radiation Curable Additives Enabling Excellent Paint Surfaces RADTECH North America April 2013 Paulo Roberto Vieira Jr, PhD 1 When and why do we need additives? Introduction Leveling and Flow Foam Rheology
More informationJ. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., Vol. 22, No. 5, Fig. 1. Orthogonal solvents to conventional process media.
originates from the limited number of options regarding orthogonal solvents, i.e. solvents that do not dissolve or adversely damage a pre-deposited organic materials layer. The simplest strategy to achieve
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine)@poly (vinylidenene
More informationDendritic Star Polymer of Polyacrylamide Based on β-cyclodextrin Trimer: A. Flocculant and Drug Vehicle
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for New Journal of Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2016 Electronic Supporting Information
More informationMethod for preparing plastic optical fiber preform
Method for preparing plastic optical fiber preform The present invention relates to a method for preparing a GI (graded index) plastic optical fiber preform having a radial refractive index gradient, the
More informationFlexible nonvolatile polymer memory array on
Supporting Information for Flexible nonvolatile polymer memory array on plastic substrate via initiated chemical vapor deposition Byung Chul Jang, #a Hyejeong Seong, #b Sung Kyu Kim, c Jong Yun Kim, a
More informationHybrid porous material from a pillar[5]arene and a poly(ionic liquid): selective adsorption of n-alkylene diols
Hybrid porous material from a pillar[5]arene and a poly(ionic liquid): selective adsorption of n-alkylene diols Zibin Zhang, a Qiang Zhao, b Jiayin Yuan,* b Markus Antonietti, b and Feihe Huang* a a Department
More informationSupporting Information
Copyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2016. Supporting Information for Adv. Mater., DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604015 High Performance Graphene/Ni 2 P Hybrid Anodes for Lithium
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Chitosan Aerogels: Transparent, Flexible Thermal Insulators Satoru Takeshita* and Satoshi Yoda Detailed experimental procedure Materials: Chitosan (deacetylation rate: > 80%, viscosity:
More informationCHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILICA DISPERSIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF PDMS-COLLOIDAL SILICA COMPOSITES
CHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILICA DISPERSIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF PDMS-COLLOIDAL SILICA COMPOSITES 3.1 INTRODUCTION The study on PDMS-CS composites prepared with the use of CS of varying particle sizes
More informationAnirban Som
Anirban Som 01-11-14 Introduction Supramolecular chemistry generates complex structures over a range of length scales. Structures such as DNA origami, supramolecular polymers etc. are formed via multiple
More informationEffect of surfactant adsorption on the rheology of suspensions flocculated by associating polymers
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 15, No. 4, December 2003 pp. 179-185 Effect of surfactant adsorption on the rheology of suspensions flocculated by associating polymers Yasufumi Otsubo* and Misao
More informationChromatography and its applications
Chromatography and its applications Reference Introduction to chromatography theory and practice Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by H.Kaur INTRODUCTION There are many methods which have been
More informationPolymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms
Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 2029/2035 www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Polymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms Wu Xu, C. Austen Angell * Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
More informationPERMEATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ACROSS POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES
PERMEATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ACROSS POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES V. E. Patil* 1, L. J. P. van den Broeke 1, F. Vercauteren and J.T.F. Keurentjes 1 1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical
More informationMicro- and Nano-Fabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers
Micro- and Nano-Fabrication of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers Y. Ito Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology KSP East 309, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan Phone: 044-819-2044 Facsimile:
More informationSURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYPROPYLENE BY PHOTOGRAFTING OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMERS
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series I: Engineering Sciences Vol. 4 (53) No. 1-2011 SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYPROPYLENE BY PHOTOGRAFTING OF VINYL ACETATE MONOMERS J. BALART 1 J.M.
More informationSynthesis of a Zeolite Column with a Monolithic Microhoneycomb Structure Using the Ice Template Method
Synthesis of a Zeolite Column with a Monolithic Microhoneycomb Structure Using the Ice Template Method Shin R. Mukai, Shinya Murata, Kazufusa Onodera and Izumi Yamada *1 Graduate School of Engineering,
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Solvent Delivery
More informationof Heating an Aqueous Suspension of Chitosan on the Crystallinity and Polymorphs
Agric. Biol. Chem., 55 (9), 2375-2379, 1991 2375 Effect of Heating an Aqueous Suspension of Chitosan on the Crystallinity and Polymorphs Kozo Ogawa Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,
More informationExplosion Properties of Highly Concentrated Ozone Gas. 1 Iwatani International Corporation, Katsube, Moriyama, Shiga , Japan
Explosion Properties of Highly Concentrated Ozone Gas Kunihiko Koike 1*, Masaharu Nifuku 2, Koichi Izumi 1, Sadaki Nakamura 1, Shuzo Fujiwara 2 and Sadashige Horiguchi 2 1 Iwatani International Corporation,
More informationIntroduction to Work in Laboratory
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE Introduction to Work in Measuring volumes, filtration, centrifugation, solubility, separation Practical in Medical Biochemistry General Medicine
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Biomaterials Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Biomimetic Honeycomb-patterned Surface as the Tunable Cell Adhesion
More informationControlling Multicompartment Morphologies Using Solvent Conditions and Chemical Modification
Supporting Information to Controlling Multicompartment Morphologies Using Solvent Conditions and Chemical Modification by Tina I. Löbling, Olli Ikkala, André H. Gröschel *, Axel H. E. Müller * Materials
More information1. Chemisorption is highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.
Question 5.1: Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption. 1. Chemisorption is highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.
More informationHigh-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Electonic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Chemical Communications High-Performance Blend Membranes Composed of An Amphoteric Copolymer Containing Supramolecular Nanosieves for Direct Methanol Fuel
More information6480(Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue 7, November December (2013), IAEME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET)
International INTERNATIONAL Journal of Advanced Research JOURNAL in Engineering OF ADVANCED and Technology RESEARCH (IJARET), ISSN IN 0976 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET) ISSN 0976-6480 (Print) ISSN
More informationSingle-Site Active Iron-Based Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst for a Compressible and Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery
Single-Site Active Iron-Based Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst for a Compressible and Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery Longtao Ma 1, Shengmei Chen 1, Zengxia Pei 1 *, Yan Huang 2, Guojin Liang 1, Funian Mo 1,
More informationMetal organic framework-based separator for lithium sulfur batteries
ARTICLE NUMBER: 16094 DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2016.94 Metal organic framework-based separator for lithium sulfur batteries 4 5 Songyan Bai 1,2, Xizheng Liu 1, Kai Zhu 1, Shichao Wu 1,2 Haoshen Zhou 1,2,3*
More informationNo.106. Aqueous SEC Columns for Analysis of Cationic Polymers: TSKgel PWXL-CP Series. Contents. Page
No.106 Aqueous SEC Columns for Analysis of Cationic Polymers: TSKgel PWXL-CP Series Contents Page 1. Introduction 2. Features 3. Basic characteristics 3-1. Pore characteristics 3-2. Sample injection volume
More informationSupplemental Information. Crumpled Graphene Balls Stabilized. Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anodes
JOUL, Volume 2 Supplemental Information Crumpled Graphene Balls Stabilized Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anodes Shan Liu, Aoxuan Wang, Qianqian Li, Jinsong Wu, Kevin Chiou, Jiaxing Huang, and Jiayan Luo
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Functionalized Tannic Acids from Natural Resources for All-Solid-State Lithium- Ion Batteries Jimin Shim, [a] Ki Yoon Bae, [b] Hee Joong Kim,
More information