Chemistry 121(01) Winter 2014
|
|
- Vernon Fowler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemistry 121(01) Winter 2014 Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: ; Office Hours: MTW 9:00 am - 11:00 am; TR 9:00-10:00 am & 1:00-2:00 pm. December 20, Test 1 (Chapters 12-13) January 24 Test 2 (Chapters 14-16) February 14 Test 3 (Chapters 17-19) February 26, Test 4 (Chapters 20-22) February 27, 2014, Make Up Exam: Bring Scantron Sheet 882-E 1
2 GHW Questions GHW#2
3 Chapter 12. Saturated Hydrocarbons 12.1 Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Bonding Characteristics of the Carbon Atom, Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Derivatives, Alkanes: Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons, Structural Formulas, Alkane Isomerism, Conformations of Alkanes, IUPAC Nomenclature for Alkanes, Line-Angle Structural Formulas for Alkanes, Classification of Carbon Atoms, Branched-Chain Alkyl Groups, Cycloalkanes, IUPAC Nomenclature for Cycloalkanes, Isomerism in Cycloalkanes, Sources of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, Chemical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, Halogenated Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, 371
4 Isomerism Isomers - different compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulas There are two type of Isomers: Constitutional isomerism: Different connections among atoms in the Skeleton Position Functional group Stereoisomerism: Same connectivity among atoms, but these atoms differ in spatial orientation geometric conformational optical
5 Constitutional Isomers CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CHCH 3 Positional (Chp. 12) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH CH 3 Br Br Stereoisomers Geometric (Chp. 13) H H C C Br Br H Br C C Br H H Skeletal (Chp. 12) CO 2 H C OH CH 3 H H Functional (Chp. 14) CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 OCH 3 Conformational (Chp.12) CH 3 CH 3 H H HH H O CH 3 CH 3 HH Enantiomers (Optical) (Chp. 16) CO 2 H C H CH 3
6 Constitutional isomers in butane Constitutional isomers: compounds with the same molecular formula but a different connectivity of their atoms in the skeleton. There are two constitutional isomers with molecular formula C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CHCH 3 Butane 2-Methylpropane (bp -0.5 C) (bp C)
7 Isomers of Alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ) Number n of carbon Atoms Isomers of C n H 2n
8 1. Give the number of constitutional isomers possible in following alkanes. a) CH 4 b) C 2 H 6 c) C 3 H 8 d) C 4 H 10 e) C 5 H 12 f) C 6 H 14 g) C 7 H 16 h) C 8 H 18 i) C 9 H 20
9 2. Give the IUPAC name of the following branched alkane: CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 a) Expanded condensed formula: b) Line-angle formula: c) Branched Alkyl groups and their names: d) IUPAC name of the compound:
10 Types of carbon atoms Carbon atoms in alkanes and other organic compounds are classified by the number of other carbons directly bonded to them. 10
11 Types of carbon atoms 1. Primary (1 ) Carbon connected to one carbon atoms. 2. Secondary (2 ) Carbon connected to two carbon atoms. 3. Tertiary (3 ) Carbon connected to three carbon atoms. 4. How many primary, secondary, and tertiary carbons in the two different structures of C 4 H 10 H H H H H C C C C H H H H H H H C H H H C C H C H H H H Butane, C 4 H 10 Primary =? Secondary = Tertiary = Isobutane, C 4 H 10 Primary = Secondary = Tertiary =
12 3. Identify the type of carbon atoms in the following structure
13 GHW#1: #9 IUPAC name of the following branched alkane:
14 Reactions of alkanes Combustion CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(g) Many alkanes are used this way - as fuels Methane - natural gas Propane - used in gas grills Butane - lighters Gasoline - mixture of many hydrocarbons,
15 Halogenation Reactions of alkanes A reaction where a halogen replaces one or more hydrogens. CH 4 (g) + Cl 2 (g) Used to prepare many solvents dichloromethane - paint stripper chloroform heat or light CH 3 Cl(g) + HCl(g) - once used as anesthesia 1,2-dichloroethane - dry cleaning fluid
16 4. Complete combustion reaction of following alkanes. a) CH 4 b) C 4 H 10 c) C 5 H 12
17 Cycloalknes Cyclic alkanes: General molecular formula, C n H 2n Structure and nomenclature named similar to noncyclic alkanes to name, prefix the name of the corresponding open-chain alkane with cyclo-, and name each substituent on the ring if only one substituent, no need to give it a number if two substituents, number from the substituent of lower alphabetical order if three or more substituents, number to give them the lowest set of numbers, and then list substituents in alphabetical order in planar cyclopentane, all C-C-C bond angles are 108, which differ only slightly from the tetrahedral angle of consequently there is little angle strain
18 Cycloalkanes :saturated hydrocarbons with a carbon ring Have C-C single bonds in a ring structure. General formula C n H 2n cyclopropane cyclobutane
19 Naming Cycloalkanes Have the carbons connected in a ring. These compounds are known collectively as To name a cycloalkane, use the prefix cyclo- with the parent. If there is only one substituent, a number is not needed.
20 Cycloalkanes Cycloalkanes have molecular formula C n H 2n and contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring. Simple cycloalkanes are named by adding the prefix cyclo- to the name of the acyclic alkane having the same number of carbons. 20
21 Naming simple of cycloalkanes: cyclopropane cyclobutane cyclopentane cyclohexane cycloheptane cyclooctane
22 Ring strain in cycloalkane The stability of cycloalkanes depends on their ability to relieve ring strain when the bond angles are less than º 90º 108º 109.5º Least stable Most stable
23 Naming branched cycloalkanes Commonly written as line-angle formulas examples: Isopropylcyclopentan e 1-tert -Bu tyl-4-methylcycloh exane 1-Isobutyl-2-meth ylcyclohexan e 1-Ethyl-1-methylcyclopropane
24 5. IUPAC name of the following substituted cycloakane
25 Cis and trans Geometrical isomers of Cycloalkanes two groups are said to be located cis to each other if they lie on the same side of a plane. If they are on opposite sides, their relative position is described as trans.
26 Disubstituted Cycloalkanes There are two different 1,2-dimethylcyclopentanes one having two CH 3 groups on the same side of the ring and one having them on opposite sides of the ring. A and B are isomers. Specifically, they are stereoisomers. 26
27 Haloalkanes An alkane in which one or more H atoms is replaced with a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) CH 3 Br Br 1-bromomethane (methyl bromide) CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 3 2-bromobutane Cl chlorocyclobutane Timberlake LecturePLUS
28 6. Give the common/iupac names of following substituted alkanes: Common IUPAC a) CH 2 Cl 2 b) CHCl 3 c) CCl 3 F e) CCl 2 F 2
29 7. Define following types of terms used in describing isomerism: a) Isomers: An example: b) Constitutional isomers: An example:
30 Conformers of Alkanes Structures resulting from the free rotation of a C-C single bond May differ in energy. The lowest-energy conformer is most prevalent. Molecules constantly rotate through all the possible conformations.
31 Ethane Conformers Staggered conformer has lowest energy. Dihedral angle = 60 degrees H H Dihedral angle H H H H model Newman projection sawhorse
32 Ethane Conformers (2) Eclipsed conformer has highest energy Dihedral angle = 0 degrees =>
33 Conformational Analysis Torsional strain: resistance to rotation. For ethane, only 12.6 kj/mol =>
34 Stereoisomers c) Conformational stereroisomers: d) Geometric stereoisomers: e) Optical stereoisomers (d and l Enantiomers):
35 8) Describe the conformational isomerism in following alknes: a) Butane, C 4 H 10 : b) Cyclopenatane, C 5 H 10 : c) Cyclohexane C 6 H 12 :
36 Units of Unsaturation Units of Unsaturation is the number of double (p) bonds and/or rings in the molecule. Each ring or multiple bond replaces 2 H's in the alkane formula C n H 2n+2 It relates molecular formula to possible structures
37 9. Calculate the units of unsaturation in following hydrocarbons a) Butane, C 4 H 10 : b) Cyclopenatane, C 5 H 10 : c) Ethene (ethylene), C 2 H 4 : d) Cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene (Benzene), C 6 H 6 :
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single Bonds saturated General formula: CnH2n+2 Drawing chemical structures Several
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Two types Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons 3.1 Alkanes Also referred as aliphatic hydrocarbons General formula: CnH2n+2 (straight chain) and CnH2n (cyclic)
More informationAlkanes. Introduction
Introduction Alkanes Recall that alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons having C C and C H bonds. They can be categorized as acyclic or cyclic. Acyclic alkanes have the molecular formula C n H 2n+2 (where
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alkanes molecules consisting of carbons and hydrogens in the following ratio: C n H 2n+2 Therefore, an alkane having 4 carbons would have 2(4) + 2 hydrogens, which equals 10 hydrogens.
More informationChapter 2. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. There are three main classes of hydrocarbons, based on the
More informationBRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9
BRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9 Chapter 11 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes hydrocarbons compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen * 4 families: 1) alkanes only single bonds (includes cycloalkanes)
More informationAlkanes 3/27/17. Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means fat ) - Open chain Aromatic - ring. Alkane Alkene Alkyne
Alkanes EQ 1. How will I define Hydrocarbons? 2. Compare and contrast the 3 types of hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes). Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means
More informationChapter 3 AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS NOMENCLATURE, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURE AND
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2 ND EDITION PAULA YURKANIS BRUICE Chapter 3 AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS NOMENCLATURE, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AND REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURE RAED M. AL-ZOUBI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
More informationChapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Functional Group: Be able to identify and name any of the functional groups listed on Table 3.1, pages 76-77. Summary of important functional
More informationOrganic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing.
Chapter 21 Lecture Notes Organic Chemistry Intro Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing. The Bonding of Carbon Because carbon has four valence electrons, it can form covalent bonds.
More informationChapters 1, 2, & 3. CHAPTER 3 *** 3-D Molecular Model Set Needed*** Saturated Hydrocarbons (AKA: Alkanes) (AKA:Paraffins)
Sevada Chamras, Ph.D. Glendale Community College Chemistry 105 Exam. 1 Lecture Notes Chapters 1, 2, & 3 CAPTER 3 *** 3-D Molecular Model Set Needed*** Saturated ydrocarbons (AKA: Alkanes) (AKA:Paraffins)
More informationCHAPTER 12: SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
CHAPTER 12: SATURATED HYDROCARBONS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds is correct? Organic compounds are found only in non-living systems. b. Organic compounds
More informationChemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes
Chemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes ydrocarbons: a large family of organic compounds and they contain only carbon and hydrogen. ydrocarbons are divided into two groups: 1. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Alkanes (2)
For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my Organic Chemistry Alkanes (2) by Seema Zareen & Dr. Izan Izwan Misnon Faculty Industrial Science & Technology seema@ump.edu.my; iezwan@ump.edu.my
More informationAlkanes. ! An alkane is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds. ! Alkanes have the general formula: C n H 2n+2
ALKANES Chapter 4 Alkanes! An alkane is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds.! Alkanes have the general formula: C n 2n+2! Alkanes can be straight-chain or branched. Properties of isomers! Constitutional
More informationOrganic Chemistry, Second Edition. Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai i. Chapter 4 Alkanes
Organic Chemistry, Second Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai i Chapter 4 Alkanes Prepared by Rabi Ann Musah State University of New York at Albany Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More informationAP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic and Biological Molecules
AP Chemistry Chapter - Organic and Biological Molecules.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula C n H n+. Carbons are sp hybridized The
More informationunsaturated (one or more pi bonds) alkanes alkenes alkynes benzene naming alkanes C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 C 6 H 14 C 7 H 16 C 8 H 18 C 9 H 20 C 10 H 22
hapter 4: Alkanes and ycloalkanes [Sections: 4.1-4.14] Basic Organic ompound Nomenclature hydrocarbons: comprised of just carbon and hydrogen saturated (no pi bonds) unsaturated (one or more pi bonds)
More informationSTRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
II STRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I. OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND This exercise will give you an opportunity to experience the three-dimensional nature of molecules and to visualize
More information9/30/2010. Chapter 4 Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry. Cyclics. 4.1 Naming Cycloalkanes
John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 4 Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry Richard Morrison University of Georgia, Athens Cyclics Most organic compounds
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationChapter 4 Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis"
Chapter 4 Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis" Alkanes = saturated hydrocarbons" Simplest alkane = methane C 4" " We can build additional alkanes by adding
More informationChapter 2: An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter : An Introduction to Organic Compounds I. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: Functional groups with similar structure/reactivity may be "grouped" together. A. Functional Groups With Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.
More informationWe refer to alkanes as hydrocarbons because they contain only C (carbon) and H(hydrogen) atoms. Since alkanes are the major components of petroleum
د.لمى سامي احمد كيمياء عضوية كورس اول المرحلة الثانية Alkanes We refer to alkanes as hydrocarbons because they contain only C (carbon) and H(hydrogen) atoms. Since alkanes are the major components of petroleum
More informationORGANIC - BRUICE 8E CH.3 - AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: INDEX OF HYDROGEN DEFICIENCY (STRUCTURAL) A saturated molecule is any molecule that has the maximum number of hydrogens possible for its chemical structure. The rule that
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Chapter 12 Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds 12.2 Alkanes 12.3 Alkanes with Substituents 12.4 Properties of Alkanes 12.5 Alkenes and Alkynes 12.6 Cis-Trans
More informationOrganic Compounds. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. also contain other nonmetals such as oxygen, nitrogen,
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds Identify properties characteristic of organic or inorganic compounds. Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds 12.2 Alkanes 12.3
More informationAliphatic Hydrocarbones : Alkanes
Dr. Salam Ghafour Taher https://sites.google.com/a/koyauniversity.org/salam-taher/ Aliphatic Hydrocarbones : Alkanes Alkanes are fully saturated hydrocarbons, have only C s and H s. Contains single bonds
More informationFull file at
Chapter 2 - Alkanes: The Nature of Organic Compounds 1. Which of the following functional group classifications do not contain oxygen? A. ether B. thiol C. aldehyde D. ester E. amide 2. To which functional
More informationOrganic Chemistry 1 Lecture 5
CEM 232 Organic Chemistry I Illinois at Chicago Organic Chemistry 1 Lecture 5 Instructor: Prof. Duncan Wardrop Time/Day: T & R, 12:30-1:45 p.m. January 26, 2010 1 Self Test Question Which of the following
More informationOrganic Chemistry, Second Edition. Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai i. Chapter 4 Alkanes
Organic Chemistry, Second Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai i Chapter 4 Alkanes Prepared by Rabi Ann Musah State University of New York at Albany Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More informationOrganic Nomenclature
University of Puget Sound Department of Chemistry Chem 111 Spring, 2010 Organic Nomenclature LEARNING GOALS AND ASSESSMENTS 1. Be familiar with the structure and nomenclature of organic compounds. a. Identify
More information3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition, Chapter 3 2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 1 Families of Organic Compounds!
More informationOrganic Chemistry 17.1
Organic Chemistry 17.1 Introduction to Organic Compounds Naming Alkanes Isomers of Alkanes Naming Cycloalkanes What are Organic Compounds? (1807) The term organic compound originated Meant compounds derived
More informationConformational Isomers. Isomers that differ as a result of sigma bond rotation of C-C bond in alkanes
Conformational Isomers Isomers that differ as a result of sigma bond Isomers that differ as a result of sigma bond rotation of C-C bond in alkanes Bond Rotation and Newman Projections As carbon-carbon
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES
P a g e 1 Chapter 12 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES Organic chemistry: The study of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always forms four bonds. Organic molecules have covalent bonds.
More informationIntroduction to organic compounds
Chapter 2 Introduction to organic compounds Nomenclature Physical properties Conformation Organic compounds Ch 2 #2 in Organic Chemistry 1 hydrocarbons [R] alkanes alkenes alkynes alkyl halides [RX] ethers
More informationWhy am I learning this, Dr. P?
Chapter 4- Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and their Stereochemistry Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Why am I learning this, Dr. P? Cyclic compounds are commonly encountered in all classes of biomolecules: Proteins
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon.
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. In this chapter we will discuss the structural features of organic molecules, nomenclature, and a
More informationSTEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERS
STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERS 1 CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERS Stereochemistry concerned with the 3-D aspects of molecules Rotation is possible around C-C bonds in openchain
More informationAlicyclic Hydrocarbons can be classified into: Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes
Cycloalkanes Open-chain The carbon atoms are attached to one another to form chains Ex: CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 n-butane Cyclic compounds the carbon atoms are arranged to form rings called: cyclic compounds,
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Nomenclature: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature: Alkanes Alkanes Hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are SINGLE bonds Name uses the ending ane Examples: Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane, 2-methylpentane
More informationWhen I lecture we will add more info, so leave spaces in your notes
Title and Highlight Right side: NOTES! Topic: EQ: Date Date NOTES: Write out the notes from my website. Use different types of note-taking methods to help you recall info (different color pens/highlighters,
More informationChapter 4: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1. Nomenclature hapter 4: lkanes and ycloalkanes hydrocarbons: comprised of just carbon and hydrogen saturated (no pi bonds) [Sections: 4.1-4.14] unsaturated (one or more pi bonds) alkanes alkenes alkynes
More informationChapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
Section 21.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons Section 1 Objectives: Explain the terms organic compound and organic chemistry. Section 21.2 Alkanes Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
More informationHydrocarbons. Chapter 22-23
Chapter 22-23 Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds All Carbon containing compounds Except carbon oxides, carbides, and carbonates which are inorganic. CO & CO2 Na4C CaCO3 +8 oxidation change CH 4 + O 2 CO 2
More informationAtomic Properties of Carbon
Organic Compounds Atomic Properties of Carbon Organic molecules have structural complexity and chemical diversity. Carbon can lose 4 electrons and have the same electronic configuration as He. OR Carbon
More information2. Hydrocarbons. 2.1 Composition of Petroleum
2. Hydrocarbons 2.1 Composition of Petroleum Naturally occurring petroleum is composed of organic chemicals: approximately 11 to 13% hydrogen and 84 to 87% carbon. Traces of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and
More informationORGANIC - EGE 5E CH. 5 - ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ALKANE NOMENCLATURE Before 1919, chemists literally had to memorize thousands of random (common) chemical names. IUPAC naming provides a systematic method to give every chemical
More informationOrganic Chemistry. for Students of Medicine and Biology 大学化学 III 和大学化学 III(2)
Organic Chemistry for Students of Medicine and Biology 大学化学 III 和大学化学 III(2) March 4, 2015 Refining of petroleum, a major natural source of alkanes Chapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes ( 烷烃和环烷烃 ) March 3,
More informationLab Workshop 1: Alkane and cycloalkane conformations
Lab Workshop : lkane and cycloalkane conformations ach student work group choose a Leader (reads activity out loud, poses questions to group), Facilitator (makes sure everyone is participating equally,
More informationAn alkane homolog differs only in the number of CH 2 groups. Example: butane: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 are homolgs.
Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes Reading: Wade chapter 3, sections 3-1- 3-9 Study Problems: 3-33, 3-37, 3-39, 3-40, 3-42 Key Concepts and Skills: Explain and predict trends in the physical properties
More informationChapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons 2.1 Classes of Hydrocarbons Classes of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are either classed
More informationA. They all have a benzene ring structure in the molecule. B. They all have the same molecular formula. C. They all have carbon and hydrogen only
Ch 21 G12 CoreI- Choose the best answer, then transfer your answers to page (1) [32 marks; 2 each] 1. What characteristic do all aromatic hydrocarbons share? A. They all have a benzene ring structure in
More informationOrganic Chemistry Unit #2: Structure of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkenes
Organic hemistry Unit #2: Structure of Alkanes, ycloalkanes, and Alkenes Bring your model kits to class we will to learn to use them! Objectives: by the end of this unit, you should be able to... Interconvert
More informationUnsaturated hydrocarbons. Chapter 13
Unsaturated hydrocarbons Chapter 13 Unsaturated hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons which contain at least one C-C multiple (double or triple) bond. The multiple bond is a site for chemical reactions in these molecules.
More informationA. Structure and Nomenclature. Introduction of Organic Chemistry. Unit 2: Structure of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkenes
Organic hemistry #2 1 Introduction of Organic hemistry. Unit 2: Structure of Alkanes, ycloalkanes, and Alkenes Bring your model kits to class we will to learn to use them! Objectives: by the end of this
More informationLECTURE 3 STRUCTURE AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKANES
LECTURE 3 STRUCTURE AND STEREOCEMISTRY OF ALKANES 1. Molecular Formulas. Alkanes are hydrocarbons, which have only sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms, i.e. carbon atoms that form only σ-bonds. Such hydrocarbons,
More informationch03 Student: A. anti B. gauche C. skewed D. eclipsed 2. What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown in the following Newman projection?
ch03 Student: 1. Identify the conformation of butane shown below. A. anti B. gauche C. skewed D. eclipsed 2. What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown in the following Newman projection? A. 1,1,2,2-tetramethylethane
More informationCHEM 261 HOME WORK Lecture Topics: MODULE 1: The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure Text Sections (N0 1.9, 9-11) Homework: Chapter 1:
CHEM 261 HOME WORK Lecture Topics: MODULE 1: The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure Atomic Structure - Valence Electrons Chemical Bonds: The Octet Rule - Ionic bond - Covalent bond How to write Lewis
More informationChapter 12 Alkanes Based on Material Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Chapter 12 Alkanes Based on Material Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Introduction
More informationNomenclature SORACHAI SAELIM SORACHAI SAE-LIM
1 Nomenclature SORAAI SAELIM SORAAI SAE-LIM 2 Nomenclature of Alkanes 1. Common name 2. IUPAC name (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Shapes of Alkanes 3 Number of Carbon atoms Meth C=1
More informationName Date Class HYDROCARBONS
22.1 HYDROCARBONS Section Review Objectives Describe the relationship between number of valence electrons and bonding in carbon Define and describe alkanes Relate the polarity of hydrocarbons to their
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Chapter 1 Bonding and isomerism. Textbook: Hart et al., Organic Chemistry: A short Course, 12 th edition, 2007.
ORGANIC CEMISTRY Textbook: art et al., Organic Chemistry: A short Course, 12 th edition, 2007. Chapter 1 Bonding and isomerism 1.1 electrons are arranged in atoms Atoms contain a small, dense nucles surrounded
More information12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules
12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules Organic chemistry: : The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always form four bonds. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter One 2 Organic molecules have covalent
More information2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Preview 2-3 2.1 Alkanes 2-3 Structures of Alkanes (2.1A) 2-3 Kekulé, Electron-Dot and Three-Dimensional Structures Condensed Structural Formulas Molecular Formulas Structural
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is a tertiary amine? 1) A) B) C) D) E) D 2) There are 8 isomers that have
More informationDetailed Course Content
Detailed Course Content Chapter 1: Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds The Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry 4 Chemical Bonds: The Octet Rule 6 Lewis Structures 8 Formal Charge 11 Resonance 14 Quantum
More informationChemistry 131 Lectures 3: The Shapes of Organic Molecules, Naming Alkanes Sections in McMurry, Ballantie, et. al.
Chemistry 131 Lectures 3: The Shapes of Organic Molecules, Naming Alkanes Sections 12.5 12.6 in McMurry, Ballantie, et. al. 7 th edition HW #1: 12.30, 12.32, 12.34, 12.44, 12.48, 12.52, 12.64, 12.66, 12.68,
More informationChapter 22. Organic and Biological Molecules
Chapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules The Bonding of Carbon Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. Because carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, the following
More informationConformational Analysis
onformational Analysis Free Rotation about arbon-arbon Single Bonds A carbon carbon single bond is formed by the end-on overlap of cylindrically symmetrical sp 3 orbitals. Therefore, attached carbon atoms
More informationH C H H. sawhorse projection
Alkanes arbons are sp 3 hybridized. Bonds are σ-bonds. - bonds ~ 1.54Å; - bonds ~ 1.10Å. Bond angles ~ 109 o. Ethane sawhorse projection Newman projection Different arrangements of atoms in a molecule
More informationCHEM Lecture 4
CEM 494 Special Topics in Chemistry Illinois at Chicago CEM 494 - Prof. Duncan Wardrop October 1, 2012 Course Website http://www.chem.uic.edu/chem494 Syllabus Course Policies Other handouts Announcements
More informationOrganic Chemistry 1 Lecture 6
CEM 232 Organic Chemistry I Illinois at Chicago Organic Chemistry 1 Lecture 6 Instructor: Prof. Duncan Wardrop Time/Day: T & R, 12:30-1:45 p.m. January 28, 2010 1 Self Test Question Which form of strain
More informationExperiment 3 Molecular Models and Isomers
Experiment 3 Molecular Models Isomers For beginning students in organic chemistry, it usually takes some practice to visualize molecules in three dimensions. It also takes practice to recognize underst
More informationUnit 3- Organic Chemistry
` Unit 3- Organic Chemistry Lesson 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Feb 15 8:58 PM 1 Your First Mission Drawing upon your own chemical knowledge and everyday life, come up with the names of five compounds
More information4. Stereochemistry of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
4. Stereochemistry of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition, Chapter 4 2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto The Shapes of Molecules! The
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationChapter 2: Hydrocarbon Frameworks - Alkanes
Chapter 2: Hydrocarbon Frameworks - Alkanes 1. Alkanes are characterized by the general molecular formula: A) C n H 2n-2 B) C n H 2n C) C n H 2n+2 D) C n H 2n+4 2. Cycloalkanes are characterized by the
More informationChapter 4 - Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 1
Andrew Rosen Chapter 4 - Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 1 4.1 - Introduction to Alkanes and Cycloalkanes - Alkanes are hydrocarbons with all carbon-carbon single bonds - Alkenes
More information1. When methane is photochlorinated a small amount of ethane is found in the product. Give a full mechanism to account for presence of the ethane.
Chemistry 51 DS Quiz 2 1. When methane is photochlorinated a small amount of ethane is found in the product. Give a full mechanism to account for presence of the ethane. 2. When 2,3-dimethylbutane is monochlorinated
More informationChapter 2. Skeletal Structures
Chapter 2 Basic nomenclature/definition of alkanes Nomenclature of alkyl groups Nomenclature of more complicated alkanes Nomenclature & structure of alkane derivatives: Alkyl halides Ethers Alcohols Amines
More informationAlkana. Dept Teknik Kimia FTUI
Alkana C n 2n+2 Dept Teknik Kimia FTUI ydrocarbons Aliphatic Aromatic ydrocarbons Aliphatic Aromatic Alkana Alkena Alkuna ydrocarbons Aliphatic Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are single
More informationStraight. C C bonds are sp 3 hybridized. Butane, C 4 H 10 H 3 C
Hydrocarbons Straight Chain Alkanes aren t Straight C C bonds are sp 3 hybridized Butane, C 4 H 10 Structural Shorthand Explicit hydrogens (those required to complete carbon s valence) are usually left
More informationOrganic Chemistry. A. Introduction
Organic Chemistry A. Introduction 1. Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of CARBON compounds. There are a huge number of organic compounds. This results from the fact that carbon forms chains
More information13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II) ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES Synopsis : General molecular formula of alkanes is C n H 2n+2. These are saturated hydrocarbons. They contain C C and C H bonds. They are commonly known
More informationQuímica Orgânica I TP1B
Química Orgânica I TP1B Nome Nº Curso Nota MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is a tertiary amine? A) 1) B)
More informationChapter 4. An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter 4 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Chapter 4 Educational Goals 1. Given the formula of a molecule, the student will be able to draw the line bond structure. 2. Understand and construct condensed
More informationOrganic Chemistry - Introduction
It s All About Carbon! Unit 15: Organic Chemistry Lesson 15.1: Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry - Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. Animals, plants, and other forms
More informationChemistry 1110 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chapter 10 Chemistry 1110 Exam 4 Study Guide 10.1 Know that unstable nuclei can undergo radioactive decay. Identify alpha particles, beta particles, and/or gamma rays based on physical properties such
More informationOrganic Chemistry Interactive Notes by Chapter 3: Functional Groups/Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
rganic Chemistry Interactive Notes by jim.maxka@nau.edu Chapter 3: Functional Groups/Alkanes and Cycloalkanes ther functional groups Thiols R-S (skunk and additive to natural gas) Nitro R-N 2 thers like
More informationLecture 6: September 7, 2018
CM 223 Organic Chemistry I Prof. Chad Landrie Lecture 6: September 7, 2018 Ch. 4: Nomenclature of Cylcoalkanes and their Physical and Chemical Properties (4.1-4.3) Conformational Isomers of Cycloalkanes
More informationMolecular Models and Isomerism
Name Lab Day Molecular Models and Isomerism Introduction: When two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of their atoms, the various individual compounds
More informationChapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon has the ability to form long chains. Without this property, large biomolecules such as proteins,
More informationIsomerism in Alkanes, Haloalkanes, and Alkenes using Molecular Models
EXPERIMENT 1 Isomerism in Alkanes, aloalkanes, and Alkenes using Molecular Models Materials Needed - Molecular model kit Relevant Textbook Reading Denniston, chap 11.2-11.4, 12.1-12.3 Background In uncharged,
More informationCHAPTER 2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
CHAPTER 2 Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules 2-1 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Simple Chemical Processes Chemical thermodynamics: Is concerned with the extent that
More informationChapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes.! Structure, Nomenclature and Conformations
hapter 4 Alkanes and ycloalkanes Structure, Nomenclature and onformations arbon Bonding Structural Representation of Simple Alkanes Name Kekule structure ondensed structure Model methane ethane propane
More informationOrganic Chemistry. A brief introduction
Organic Chemistry A brief introduction Organic Chemistry the study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties excluding: CO, CO 2, CS 2, carbonates and cyanides eight million known organic compounds
More informationOrganic Chemistry. February 18, 2014
Organic Chemistry February 18, 2014 What does organic mean? Organic Describes products Grown through natural biological process Without synthetic materials In the 18 th century Produced by a living system
More informationUnit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic Compounds UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic ompounds UNIT 7 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY PART 1 NOMENLATURE AND ISOMERISM IN SIMPLE ORGANI MOLEULES ontents
More information