J. Ruz, J. K. Vogel, M. J. Pivovaroff, G. Brown, D. Smith, H. Hudson, B. Grefenstette, L. Glesener and H. Iain
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1 J. Ruz, J. K. Vogel, M. J. Pivovroff, G. Brown, D. Smith, H. Hudson, B. Grefenstette, L. Glesener nd H. Iin August 10 th 2017 Columbus, OH LLNL-PRES This work ws performed under the uspices of the U.S. Deprtment of Energy by Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory under contrct DE-AC52-07NA Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Security, LLC
2 The Sun s n xion source Axion flux on Erth Primkoff Compton Bremsstrhlung Expected photons from xion conversion Sun structure Coherence condition Additive sensitivity Prospects from NuSTAR Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 2
3 The Sun s n xion source Axion production mechnisms Blckbody photons (kev) in solr core cn be converted into xions in the presence of strong electromgnetic fields in the plsm Reconversions of xions into x-ry photons possible in strong lbortory mgnetic field, but lso possible in the photosphere of the Sun Sikivie PRL 51:1415 (1983) Vn Bibber et l. Phys.Rev. D 39:2089 (1989) Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 3
4 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory Primkoff interction (virtul photon interction) Electron interctions (Compton nd Bremsstrhlung) Others, such s xion decy constnt P g B g C g d d d d e e P B C T + + = ø ö è æ + ø ö è æ + ø ö è æ = ø ö è æ g f f f f 0 0 Let s ssume we only hve Primkoff conversion, which it is present in ll xion models 4
5 N df g = ò Ã g ( E) e ( E ) E t A Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 5
6 The xion mss bnd for which Primkoff bsed experiment is sensitive cn be extrcted from the coherence condition The converted photons my cquire n effective mss in the presence of gs extending the xion mss sensitivity rnge of n experiment tht hs fixed mgnet length # P γ = g 2 10 B & % ( $ 2 '! # " m 2 Conversion Probbility e ΓL 2e ΓL 2. cosql q 2 + Γ 2,- /0 4 Coherence Condition $ kev 2 & << m! E! 2 $ γ # # &+ 2 kev % " kev 2 % # L kev " $ & & % Axion-to-photon conversion in the presence of nerly homogeneous mgnetic field B is only effective when the polriztion plne is prllel to the incident prticle Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 6
7 Electron density Mgnetic field strength - B mx - B min - Bmen Effective mss i-segment m γi ( 4πρ i ) 1/2 100km segments Hudson et l. rxiv: Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 7
8 NuSTAR Nucler Spectroscopic Telescope Arry NASA Smll Explorer mission ($165 M) Lunch: 13 June 2012 NuSTAR strts in 2004 (PI Fion Hrrison, Cltech) Leverges pthfinder mission HEFT >170 publictions so fr, severl in Nture/Science First focusing x-ry optics bove10 kev (3-79keV) Fctor of 100 more sensitivity, fctor of 10 better resolution thn previous missions Technology to be used for IAXO optic Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 8
9 NuSTAR Solr Axion Observtions Serch for xions from the solr photosphere using NuSTAR Novel pproch: Use solr mgnetic field to reconvert xions into x-ry photons γ (Conventionl xion experiments use lbortory mgnetic field) Axion γ* γ* γ Why should we do this? Might find drk mtter, but even in bsence of signl: new stringent xion limits! NuSTAR cn explore significnt regions of vible prmeter spce NOW, while conventionl serches will get there in the coming decdes NuSTAR is complementry to trditionl serches nd providing first look Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 9
10 Y (rcs Y (rcs First NuSTAR Solr dt How does it look like? First NuSTAR solr X observtions (Sept/Nov/Dec 2014, Apr/Sept 2015, more (rcsecs) X (rcsecs) in 2016) confirm the cpbility of the instrument to observe the Sun. Some of currently vilble NuSTAR solr dt include solr disk center Smthd O1 FPMA CHU123 Smthd O1 FPMA CHU Solr conditions were not optiml 1500 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 1000 YY(rcsecs) (rcsec) Y (rcsecs) (high mgnetic ctivity à elevted 1000 ded times + single-reflection "ghost ry interference) 500 Now working on using existing dt to obtin0 preliminry estimtes nd to optimize future, dedicted observing 500 session Pln is to estblish initil limits bsed 1000 on the test dt, but ny detection of n 1500 xion signl is unlikely t this erly stge X (rcsecs) NuSTAR [log10 counts] XX(rcsecs) (rcsec) Orbit%1% 10
11 Overll expected flux for NuSTAR Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 11
12 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 12
13 Summry Stellite mission offer lterntive pproch to solr xion serches (nd xions from other objects) Expect good sensitivity to non-qcd xions t the low mss rnge First NuSTAR dt vilble but needs dditionl work à Biggest chllenge due to single-bounce photons ( ghost-rys ) Sty tuned for first results from existing dt nd upcoming observtions Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 13
14 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 14
15 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 15
16 Primkoff interction: Electron interctions æ df ö è ø æ df ö = è ø æ df ö + è ø æ df ö + è ø T P B C Axion decy constnt Primkoff Combined GENERIC VALUES Bremsstrhlung Compton CAST g γ = 1e-11 GeV -1 Red Gints ge = 1e-13 Lwrence Livermore Ntionl Lbortory 16
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