Final Revision. Complete the following sentences:

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Cathleen Garrison
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1 Final Revision Complete the following sentences: 1. Medicine, and are examples of the outcomes of some chemical reactions. 2. The gas evolves on thermal decomposition of metal sulphate is , while the gas evolves on thermal decompositions of metal carbonate is reactions depend on the activity of metals which can be determined by using Chemical activity series is the arrangement of metal in order according to the degree of their Sodium reacts with water and give and gas evolves. 6. On adding silver nitrate solution to sodium chloride solution a precipitate of is formed. 7. In the following reactions: H 2 + CuO Cu + H2O a. Copper oxide undergoes process, while hydrogen undergoes process. b. Copper oxide is considered as agent, while hydrogen is considered as agent is a substance which gives oxygen and takes hydrogen away. 9. In the following reaction: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl a. Sodium atom an electron and changes into a ion. b. Chlorine atom an electron and changes into ion. c. Sodium atom undergoes process, while chlorine atom undergoes process. 10. The current flowing through a conductor is proportional to is used to measure the current intensity by a unit known as While connecting charged conductors, the electric current passes from the conductor has potential to the conductor has potential is measured by voltmeter and has a measuring unit known as The is used to measure the electromotive force of a battery in unit known as

2 15. There are two types of electric current, , and The electric current generating from a dynamo is due to converting energy to energy. 17. Electric cell produces current, while the dynamo produces current. 18. The measuring unit of work is , while the measuring unit of quantity of charges is Similar electric cells are connected in to obtain a high electromotive force and are connected in to obtain e.m.f equal to one of them. 20. The chromosome is chemically consists of nucleic acid called combine with the protein and are examples of the dominant traits in human body, while , and are examples of the recessive traits. 22. Every gene gives special that produces a showing specific hereditary trait, Write the scientific term: 1. The breaking up of the molecules of the reactants and the forming of new bonds in the molecules of the products. 2. Chemical reactions in which the compound breaks up into simpler one by the effect of heat. 3. A reaction where an element substitutes another one. 4. A chemical reaction in which, change happens between the two radicals (ions) of the two compounds to form another two compounds. 5. The substance which takes (removes) oxygen or gives hydrogen during a chemical reaction. 6. A chemical process where an atom of the element gains one electron or more. 7. The substance which losses an electron or more during chemical reaction. 8. The flow of electric negative charges in a conducting element. 9. The current intensity produced by flowing one coulomb of electric charges in one second through a conductor. 10. The amount of electric charges that flow through a conductor in a second. 11. A device used to measure the electric current intensity. 12. The electric state of a conductor that shows the transference of electricity from and to it. 2

3 13. The measuring unit of electromotive force of the electric cell. 14. The obstruction of the electric current during its flow through a conductor. 15. The resistance of a conductor that allow the passing of an electric current of one ampere through it when the potential difference across its ends is one volt. 16. The electric current of fixed intensity and direction. 17. The electric current which can be changed to the other type of the electric current. 18. The electric current intensity passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it at constant temperature. 19. The work done by a force of one newton to move an object through a distance of one meter. 20. A resistance which is used to control the intensity of the electric current. 21. A science that researches the transmission of the hereditary traits from one generation to another by the studying of the similarities and differences between the parents and offspring. 22. The character ready to be transmitted from one generation to another. 23. The trait that appears in all individuals of the first generation in Mendel's experiments. 24. The appearance of a hereditary trait in the individual of the first generation when two individuals copulate and one of them is carrying a pure hereditary trait contrasting the trait carried by the other individual. 25. It is chemically consists of a nucleic acid called DNA connected with protein. 26. They are parts of DNA on the chromosome and control the hereditary traits of the individual. 27. The traits that are not transmitted from the one generation to another. Justify (Give reason) the following: 1. Magnesium substitutes copper in copper sulphate solution, while the opposite can't happen. Bec: magnesium comes before copper in the chemical activity series.(more active) 2. A brownish red precipitate is formed when magnesium is added to copper sulphate solution. 3

4 3. The occurrence of effervescence on putting a piece of aluminum in diluted hydrochloric acid. 4. Calcium hydroxide is used in building works. 5. The voltmeter is connected a cross the two poles of a battery. To determine the e.m.f of the battery 6. It is better to use the alternating current rather than the direct current. Bec: its intensity and direction can be controlled and it can be transmitted to long distances. 7. The cells are connected in the electric circuit in series. To obtain the highest e.m.f 8. Some cells are connected in the electric circuits in parallel. to obtain the lowest e.m.f 9. The electromotive force of a battery whose cells are connected in series is greater than that one whose cells are connected in parallel. Bec: during connection in series the e.m.f equal the total e.m.f for all cells, but during connection in parallel the total e.m.f. equals the e.m.f of one cell only. 10. The rheostat controls the current intensity flowing through the electric circuit. Bec: it changes the resistance by changing the length of the wire in enclosing inside the circuit. 11. Mendel selected the pea plant to conduct his experiments. Bec: 1. Easy to be planted. 2. Its life cycle is short. 3. Gives large number of plants in each generation. 4. Carry pairs of contrasting traits. 12. Mendel covered the stigma of the pistils of pea flowers during studying the character of the seeds' color. To prevent pollination with another plant 13. When a pure yellow pod pea plant is pollinated with a pure green pod pea plant, they produce plants that are all with green pod. Bec: the green pod is a dominant trait appears completely in the first generation but the yellow pod is a recessive trait disappears completely in the first generation. 4

5 14. The ability of bending the tongue is dominant trait in the human being. Bec it appears completely in the first generation and in the second generation it appears by a ratio 3: The separate ear lobe is dominant over the adhered ear lobe. Due to the decrease in the secretion of insulin hormone 16. Infection with exophthalmic goiter. Due to the increase in the secretion of thyroxin hormone from thyroid gland Illustrate by balanced chemical equations the following reactions: 1. The effect of heat on red mercury oxide. 2. The effect of heat on sodium nitrate. 3. The reaction of water with sodium. 4. The reaction of zinc with diluted hydrochloric acid. 5. Adding of aluminum turnings to dilute hydrochloric acid. 6. Insertion of a magnesium ribbon in a solution of copper sulphate. 7. The reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. 8. Adding calcium hydroxide solution to dilute hydrochloric acid. 9. Adding silver nitrate solution to sodium chloride. 10. Reduction of hot copper oxide by passing hydrogen gas 5

6 Compare between: 1. Heating of metal sulphate and metal hydroxide. Heating of metal sulphate Heating metal hydroxide 2. Simple substitution reaction and double substitution reaction. Simple substitution reaction Double substitution reaction. The reaction in which two radicals in The reaction in which a metal replaces two different compounds exchange another in its solution as it is higher in together to produce two new chemical activity. compounds. 3. Oxidation and oxidizing agent from the point of the meaning of each one. Oxidation Oxidizing Agent The substance that gains an electron or The process in which an element loses more. an electron or more. 4. Voltmeter and ammeter to show the following: (use unit connection symbol). Point of comparison Voltmeter Ammeter Use: Measures the potential difference of a conductor Measures the electric current intensity Unit: Connection: Symbol: The e.m.f of a battery Volt In parallel Ampere In series 5. The direct current and the alternating current (definition usage). Point of comparison Direct current Alternating current The current that has fixed The current that has Definition: intensity and direction variable intensity and direction Electroplating Operating machines and Usage: electric appliances 6

7 6. The connection of three similar dry cells in series and in parallel concerning (connection the e.m.f of the produced battery). Point of comparison Connection: Series connection The positive pole of a cell is connected to the negative cell of the other cell and so on.. Parallel connection The positive poles of the three dry cells are connected together and the negative poles of the three cells connected together. The e.m.f: Etotal = E1 + E2 + E3 Etotal = E one cell Using symbols to express the results produced from crossing between each of the following: 1. A pea plant of white flower and another of purple flowers. 2. A pea plant of tall stem and green pod color and another one of short stem and yellow pod color. [Illustrating: parents gametes first generation second generation in each crossing]. If two pea plants, one with hybrid red color flower and the other with white flower are crossed. Explain on genetic bases the results of this crossing and the ratio of the red flowered plant to the white flowered plant. Explain how the gene performs their function? What is the scientific idea for: 1. The production of big fruit, more delicious and devoid of seeds. 2. The dominance of curled hair trait on straight hair trait. GOOD LUCK 7

8 Model Answer Final Revision Complete: 1. Cement Plastic 2. SO 3 CO 2 3. Simple substitution chemical activity series 4. Descending activity 5. NaOH H 2 6. White AgCl 7. a- reduction oxidation b- oxidizing reducing 8. oxidizing agent 9. a- loses positive b- gains negative c- oxidation reduction 10. directly potential difference 11. Ammeter ampere 12. High low 13. Potential difference volt 14. Voltmeter volt 15. Direct current alternating 16. Mechanical electric 17. Direct current alternating 18. Joule coloumb 19. Series parallel 20. DNA 21. Curly hair dark eye straight hair colored eye 22. Enzyme protein Write the scientific term 1. Chemical reaction 2. Thermal decomposition 3. Simple substitution 4. Double substitution 5. Reducing agent 6. Reduction 7. Reducing agent 8

9 8. Electric current 9. Ampere 10. Electric current intensity 11. Ammeter 12. Electric potential 13. Volt 14. Resistance 15. Ohm 16. Direct current 17. Alternating current 18. Ohm s law 19. Joule 20. Rheostat 21. Genetics 22. Hereditary traits 23. Dominant trait 24. Principle of complete dominance 25. Chromosome Justify 2. Bec: magnesium replaces copper as it is more active according to the chemical activity series 3. Due to evolving of hydrogen gas 2Al + 6HCl dil. 2AlCl 3 + 3H 2 4. Bec: it reacts with carbon dioxide in air forming rocky material (calcium carbonate Illustrate by chemical equation: 1. 2HgO 2Hg + O NaNO 3 2NaNO 3 + O Na + 2H 2 O 2NaOH + H 2 4. Zn + 2HCl dil ZnCl 2 + H Al + 6HCl dil 2AlCl 3 + 3H 2 6. Mg + 2HCl dil MgCl 2 + H 2 7. HCl + NaOH NaOH + H 2 O 8. Ca(OH) 2 + 2HCl dil CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O 9. AgNO 3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO Cu + H 2 O CuO + H 2 Using symbols at the copybook If two pea planta---- at the copybook Explain how the gene perform its function? 9

10 The gene has a specific code of an enzyme, this enzyme activate a chemical reaction that produces a protein which is responsible for a certain trait What is the scientific idea for? 1. First law of Mendel the principal of complete dominance 10

Second Term. Questions. Unit (1)

Second Term. Questions. Unit (1) (1) Complete the following: Questions Unit (1) 1) Nitrogen pentoxide breaks up into.. and.. gas. 2) At the beginning of the reaction, the concentration of reactants is... 3) The speed of a chemical reaction