05_T03. TABLE 5.3 Standard Enthalpies of Formation, H f, at 298 K. Hydrogen iodide HI(g) Silver chloride AgCl(s) Methanol

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1 TABLE 5.3 Standard Enthalpies of Formation, H f, at 298 K H f H f Substance Formula ( kj/mol ) Substance Formula ( kj/mol ) Acetylene C 2 H 2 (g) Hydrogen chloride HCl(g) Ammonia NH 3 (g) Hydrogen fluoride HF(g) Benzene C 6 H 6 (l) 49.0 Hydrogen iodide HI(g) 25.9 Calcium carbonate CaCO 3 (s) Methane CH 4 (g) Calcium oxide CaO(s) Methanol CH 3 OH(l) Carbon dioxide CO 2 (g) Propane C 3 H 8 (g) Carbon monoxide CO(g) Silver chloride AgCl(s) Diamond C(s) 1.88 Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 (s) Ethane C 2 H 6 (g) Sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 (s) Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH(l) Sodium chloride NaCl(s) Ethylene C 2 H 4 (g) Sucrose C 12 H 22 O 11 (s) Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) Water H2O(l) Hydrogen bromide HBr(g) Water vapor H2O(g) Figure Number: 05 T03 05_T03

2 h (a) (b) Figure Number: (c) AAAUAVL0

3 H 2 (g), O 2 (g) Internal energy, E E 0 E 0 H 2 O(l) Figure Number: AAAUAVM0

4 System Heat q 0 E 0 Surroundings Work w 0 Figure Number: AAAUAVN0

5 TABLE 5.1 Sign Conventions Used and the Relationship Among q, w, and E Sign Convention for q: Sign of E q w q 7 0: Heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system q 7 0 and w 7 0: E 7 0 q 6 0: Heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings q 7 0 and w 6 0: The sign of E depends on the magnitudes of q and w Sign Convention for w: w 7 0: Work is done by the surroundings on the system q 6 0 and w 7 0: The sign of E depends on the magnitudes of q and w w 6 0: Work is done by the system on the surroundings q 6 0 and w 6 0: E 6 0 Figure Number: 05 T01 05_T01

6 50g H2O (l) 100 C Figure Number: Cooling 50g H2O (l) 25 C AAAUAVO0 Heating 50g H2O (s) 0 C

7 Charged battery Heat Heat Work E Energy lost by battery Discharged battery Figure Number: AAAUAVP0

8 Zn Figure Number: a,b H2 gas plus original atmosphere HCl solution Zn (a) (b) AACQJBM0 HCl solution

9 Surroundings System H 0 Endothermic Figure Number: Heat Surroundings System H 0 Exothermic AAAUAVQ0 Heat

10 Figure Number: P F/A P F/A h i h f Initial state Cross-sectional area A Final state AAAUAVR0 h V Volume change

11 CH 4 (g) 2O 2 (g) Enthalpy H kj H kj CO 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) Figure Number: AAAUAVT0

12 Thermometer Glass stirrer Cork stopper Figure Number: Two Styrofoam cups nested together containing reactants in solution AAAUAVV0

13 Motorized stirrer Electrical leads for igniting sample Thermometer Insulated container O 2 inlet Bomb (reaction chamber) Fine wire in contact with sample Cup holding sample Water Figure Number: AAAUAVW0

14 Figure Number: Enthalpy CH 4 (g) 2O 2 (g) H kj H kj CO(g) 2H 2 O(l) 1 O 2 (g) 2 H kj CO 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) AAAUAVX0

15 Figure Number: Enthalpy 3C (graphite) 4H 2 (g) 5O 2 (g) Elements H kj 1 Decomposition C 3 H 8 (g) 5O 2 (g) Reactants 2 Formation of 3CO 2 H kj H rxn 2220 kj 3CO 2 (g) 4H 2 (g) 2O 2 (g) 3 Formation of 4H 2 O H kj 3CO 2 (g) 4H 2 O(l) Products AAAUAVY0

16 Nuclear (8.2%) Coal (22.5%) Renewable energy (6.3%) Petroleum (40.0%) Natural gas (23.0%) Figure Number: AAAUAVZ0